support the policy of collective security, of peaceful coexistence of different social systems, and the widest economic and cultural cooperation of all peoples. We address ourselves to all of you with the call: demand from your governments that in the United Nations they pursue a policy of peace and opposition to the cold war. We address ourselves to all people of good will throughout the world: organize and work for; 1) immediate cessation of atomic and hydrogen weapon tests; 2) unconditional and speedy prohibition of the manufacture and use of these weapons. We, the Communists, have devoted our lives to the cause of socialism. We, the Communists, are firmly convinced that this noble cause will triumph. And it is because we believe in the triumph of our ideas-the ideas of Marx and Lenin, the ideas of proletarian internationalism, that we want peace and are working for peace. War is our enemy. From now on let the countries with different social systems compete with one another in developing science and technology for peace. Let them demonstrate their superiority not on the field of battle, but in competition for progress and for raising living standards. We extend a hand to all people of good will. By a common effort let us get rid of the burden of armaments which oppresses the peoples. Let us rid the world of the danger of war, death, and annihilation. Before us is a bright and happy future of mankind marching forward to progress. Peace to the world! Adopted by the delegations of the Communist and Workers' parties of Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Britain, Bulgaria, Canada, Ceylon, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Finland, France, German Democratic Republic, Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Luxemburg, Malaya, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, San Marino, Soviet Union, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria and the Lebanon, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam and Yugoslavia. APPENDIX III [Political Affairs, June 1958, pp. 22–26] ON THE PEACE MANIFESTO AND THE 12-PARTY DECLARATION By National Executive Committee, CPUSA was In accord with the resolution adopted by the National Committee at its February meeting, the following statement unanimously adopted by the National Executive Committee. Since then, a number of significant developments have occurred, particularly in relation to negotiations for a summit conference and to the position taken by the Seventh Congress of the Yugoslav League of Communists, which give added meaning to both the Peace Manifesto and the Twelve-Party Declaration, and renewed emphasis to the importance of their study and circulation.-The Editor. I Announcement by the Soviet Union of unliteral suspension of nuclear weapons tests has raised the hopes of all mankind and has greatly increased the universal determination to ban nuclear war. It reinforces the world-wide demand for EastWest talks and encourages the prospects for a big-power meeting "at the summit," despite the opposition of Dulles, Strauss and other spokesmen for monopoly. The lifting of the threatening cloud of atomic war and the ending of the cold war will remove a great burden from the shoulders of the American people. Prevailing policies of big business and its political spokesmen, which have been geared to war and increasing world tensions, are also responsible for excessive taxation, inflation and loss of jobs through trade restrictions, as well as curbs on civil liberties and the lag of science and education in our country. We American Communists have always sought understanding and cooperation between the United States and the U.S.S.R., in the best interests of our people. We are mindful of the fact that President Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Union in 1933 contributed to the revival of trade and manufacture in the U.S. after the most devastating economic crisis in our history, helping to reopen factories and providing jobs. We cannot forget that, as allies in the anti-Hitler war, we fought together to end fascist tyranny and military conquest, thus opening the way to the liberation of oppressed peoples in many lands. Today, the development of friendly relations, cooperation and trade between our country and the U.S.S.R. is decisive for achieving a durable world peace. When, on the occasion of the observance of the 40th anniversary of the founding of the first socialist republic, representatives of 64 Communist parties met in Moscow and issued a joint Manifesto for Peace, they not only voiced the ideals and humane purposes of those dedicated to socialism everywhere, but they echoed the hope of all mankind. The CPUSA was unable to take part in these deliperations due to anti-democratic and restrictive laws in the U.S. which still bar freedom of travel and political association. But we hail the call for peace adopted by the Communists from 64 countries and shall seek to make it known to the American people as part of our contribution to ending misunderstanding and toward cementing friendship and cooperation between the peoples of the East and West. The Manisfesto declares, as our 16th National Convention has also noted: "War is not inevitable. War can be prevented, peace can be preserved and made secure." A new balance of forces exists which makes this possible. Heading the camp of peace are the socialist lands-the Soviet Union, People's China, the people's democracies of Europe and Asia. By their side are the Bandung nations, a powerful new world force. And in the capitalist countries, the masses of working people are a mighty force for peace. But at the same time, it is clear that the danger of war has not passed. Its source is "* the capitalist monopolies who have a vested interest in war and have amassed unprecedented riches from two world wars and an arms drive. *** The ruling circles of some capitalist countries, under pressure of the monopolies and especially those of the U.S., have rejected proposals for disarmament, prohibition of nuclear weapons and other measures aimed at preventing a new war. ** This is evidenced anew by the refusal of the Administration to suspend the current series of nuclear tests in the Paciffic, by the steps being taken to establish missile and rocket bases in the NATO countries and to arm West Germany with atomic weapons, and by American imperialist interference in Indonesia and the Middle East. However, the Manifesto declares, this danger can be overcome. The forces of peace can prevail. We hail the call of the 64 parties to all people of good will throughout the world to demand an end to the cold war, prohibition of nuclear weapons and tests, abolition of military blocs and foreign bases, an end to imperialist plotting and military provocations. We add our voice to the concluding plea of the Manifesto for Peace in which 64 Communist parties from all five continents ask: From now on let the countries with different social systems compete with one another in developing science and technology for peace. Let them demonstrate their superiority not on the field of battle but in competition for progress and for raising living standards. We extend a hand to all people of good will. By a common effort let us get rid of the burden of armaments which oppresses the people. Let us rid the world of the danger of war, death and annihilation. Before us is a bright and happy future of mankind marching forward to progress. We also reiterate the sound observations of the Manifesto that: The socialist countries do not intend to enforce their social or political system on any other nation. They are firmly convinced that socialism is bound to win, but they know that socialism cannot be implanted from without, that it will come above all as a result of struggle by the working class and all other progressive forces within each country. II We welcome equally the Declaration of the Twelve Communist and Workers' Parties which are the governing parties of socialist states, as renewed evidence of the great contribution to world peace and social progress which is inherent in the socialist system. Today, the Soviet Union, pioneering a new way of life free from class exploitation, no longer stands alone as a socialist country. Now, one-third of the world's people have rid themselves of the rule of capital and are building their future on socialist foundations. We greet this growth and consolidation of socialist society in many lands, creating for the first time a world system of a higher order than capitalism-one which is a reliable bulwark of peace and freedom. These countries, inspired by and learning from the historic lessons of the Great October Revolution and the victory of socialist construction in the USSR, have each come to socialism by their own paths, overcoming great obstacles and uniting their people and national resources for mutual aid and support of world peace. This historic Declaration demonstrates the high degree of unity and solidarity achieved by the leading parties of these countries. The unity demonstrated by these twelve parties, which are successfully leading their countries in the building of socialism, serves to emphasize anew that the internationally valid, basic lessons of working-class history and experience which constitute the teachings of Marxism-Leninism are not negated by the respective national features and course of development of each nation. On the contrary, the enhanced unity of worldwide socialist forces-following upon fraternal mutual aid, equality and self-examination and correction of errors-rests on the recognition of the general principles of communism, coupled with their creative application in accord with the specific conditions of each country. The Declaration of the twelve parties notes that the XXth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union signalized a great advance in MarxistLeninist theory and practice, corresponding to the new conditions of our present epoch-the epoch of world transition from capitalism to socialism. În this respect, the Congress projected new possibilities for achieving peaceful coexistence and peaceful paths to socialism. This advance the Declaration carries forward and develops further, thus making a major new contribution to the advance of Marxist-Leninist theory. And, in confirming what is new, it re-emphasized at the same time the imperative need, for all who seek to end class exploitation and build socialism, to adhere to the scientific method and principles of Marxism-Leninism, derived from the objective laws of social development which continue to be verified by world experience. In this connection, in dealing with the key issues of the world labor movement and international cooperation for peace, democracy and freedom, the Declaration stressed the vital importance of unfolding a resolute struggle against revisionism, as well as dogmatism. Especially noteworthy is the contribution which the Declaration makes to advancing the struggle for peace. Assessing the international situation, including the continued "cold war" policies of the aggressive imperialist forces, particularly of the U.S. monopolists, the Declaration stresses that the struggle for peace is now the key task confronting all progressive humanity, in the first place the Communists and other advanced workers. In this connection, and on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the profound changes in the alignment of world forces especially the historic significance of the emergence of socialism as a world system, the disintegration of the old colonial empires, the sharpening contradictions in the imperialist camp and the strengthening of world labor, Communist and national liberation movements the Declaration emphasizes that the peace forces have grown to a point where there is a real possiblity of averting war. Towards this end the Communist and Workers' parties of the socialist states reaffirmed their adherence to the principles of proletarian internationalism and of the peaceful coexistence of the socialist and capitalist systems and urged joint action in behalf of peace on the widest possible scale and with all who favor peace and oppose war. III Over a year ago, at the 16th National Convention of our own Party, we American Communists took steps-following extended self-criticial examination of our work and views-to break with sectarian errors and dogmatic habits which hindered our keeping pace with the changing world and prevented our giving the most effective leadership to the strivings of the American people for peace and greater social progress. In so doing, we also found it necessary to wage a determined struggle against revisionism—against any abandonment of our ideological moorings which are rooted in the struggles and experience of the working class of our country and all lands, and which bind us with the cause of toiling humanity everywhere. The broad outlines of our future work, established by our 16th Convention and further developed on the basis of our experiences since then, still need to be vigorously fought for in theory and practice. Toward this end, our Party must strengthen itself politically and organizationally, expand its mass ties and multiply its vanguard contribution to the great struggles for peace, jobs, civil rights and democratic liberties in our country. Toward this end, we must conduct a systematic struggle against Left sectarianism and Right opportunism, against doctrinairism and revisionism, in defense of the Party and its cardinal Marxist principles. And toward this end, too, we must successfully accomplish the task we have set ourselves of making substantial progress in preparing a draft of a basic Party program before our next national convention. While unfolding deeper study and broader discussion of the American scene as the basis for our conclusions, our Party will find vitally important the lessons summarized from the experience of the international Communist and working class movement. The National Executive Committee of the CPUSA calls for a thorough study and systematic discussion of the theoretical propositions contained in the TwelveParty Declaration by every section of our Party organization and the popularization of the historic achievements of the socialist sector of the world reflected therein, together with the contributions it holds out for world peace. Likewise the National Executive Committee calls for the widest distribution of the Peace Manifesto of the 64 Communist and Workers' parties and the organization of discussions around the Manifesto in the ranks of the Party and among other advocates of peace. This will be an important contribution serving the best national interests of the American people and the cause of world peace. О 1st Session PATENT PRACTICES OF THE VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION OF MICHIGAN CCT 5 1959 MAIN READING ROOM 42119 PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON PATENTS, TRADEMARKS, AND COPYRIGHTS OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY EIGHTY-SIXTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION PURSUANT TO S. Res. 53 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1959 PURCHASED THROUG |