of the Library staff. This operation is essential and important for national security. Mr. HORAN. What will be the situation when this item is no longer in existence and you have to reconvert? Dr. MUMFORD. The personnel employed on these projects are almost all on indefinite tenure; so there is no obligation to them so far as permanent tenure. They realized and accepted that when they took the positions. If the funds are withdrawn, we just would not have that staff or the operation. Mr. HORAN. Is it not true after 5 years of work on such a project that they have automatic status? Dr. MUMFORD. No, sir, but may I add that there is no indication that this might come to an end in the near future, but if it did there would be a reduction in force. Mr. HORAN. This already has been put in the record? Mr. STEED. Yes. Mr. Langen, have you questions on this? We are on page 97, salaries and expenses, taking it up item by item. (Discussion held off the record.) Mr. STEED. We are on item 1, $140,517 for in-grade promotions. CHILDREN'S BOOK SECTION On page 6, item 4, the Children's Book Section of $8,065, this committee disallowed the item last year. It was added in the other body, and then, as I recall, a final agreement on $15,000 was included in the bill. Dr. MUMFORD. Yes, that was prorated for the remainder of the year. This increase simply puts it on an annual basis. Mr. STEED. How many people were involved in that? Mr. STEED. Are they on full-time or part-time basis? Mr. STEED. You are continuing at that level this year? Mr. STEED. Mr. Horan? Mr. HORAN. I have no questions. Mr. LANGER. I have no questions. BINDING AT THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE Mr. STEED. Item 5, page 7, increase of $25,300 for binding at the Government Printing Office. What is the situation as to urgency in your request for binding and repairing of these manuscripts? Dr. MUMFORD. I would say it is acute, Mr. Chairman. As you know, we are involved in arranging, indexing, and microfilming the Presidential papers. As we come to materials that are in very bad shape it is important that they be given attention at that time. This is true of other materials as they are used in the Manuscript Division. Mr. STEED. You expect that to increase substantially? Dr. MUMFORD. Yes. Perhaps Dr. Basler can speak in more detail on that. ́.. Dr. BASLER. This increase is to take care of what we currently see and expect to continue on an annual basis. I do not foresee that this will increase necessarily this way every year. As we are working through and arranging manuscripts and find those which need repair we do have to have more and more capacity to repair them. Dr. MUMFORD. But we would not expect any drastic increase beyond what is asked here. Dr. Basler. That is right, not any further increase so far as we can now see. Dr. MUMFORD. Not over and beyond this in the foreseeable future? Dr. BASLER. That is right. Mr. STEED. Questions? (No response.) INCREASE FOR RENTAL OF SPACE Mr. STEED. We go to item 7, page 8, $111,320 for rental of space. Dr. MUMFORD. This is the item, Mr. Chairman, to which I referred in the preliminary statement which may be deleted. Inasmuch as there is the unanticipated delay in getting into the Naval Weapons Plant, we will not need this money for that purpose. Mr. STEED. But it is only a temporary postponement of the actual need which eventually will face you? Dr. MUMFORD. That is right. Mr. HORAN. I believe you said you would get in there by April of 1964. Dr. MUMFORD. We have 3 months already granted in the base. Mr. HORAN. You will not be up here, then, asking for a supplemental on this item? Dr. MUMFORD. No, sir. In the next budget we will be asking to annualize this. Mr. HORAN. That is all right if it will be in the regular budget. Mr. STEED. Mr. Langen? Mr. LANGEN. I have no questions. INCREASE FOR RENTAL OF EQUIPMENT Mr. STEED. Item 8, page 8, $35,000 for rental of equipment. What do you have in mind in this connection? Will this machinery replace other electrical equipment and will it save any people? Dr. MUMFORD. It will replace practically all of the IBM equipment we are now using, so that the total cost is the difference between the rental we are now paying and what the rental would be on a computer. Mr. STEED. Can you give us those figures? Mr. ROSSITER. Page 55, Mr. Mumford. Dr. MUMFORD. An increase of $35,000. Our present annual rental cost is $53,000. This goes up to $88,000. Mr. STEED. Will this changeover involve more people or fewer people? Dr. MUMFORD. I think perhaps it will not affect materially the number. Mr. Welsh? Mr. WELSH. We do not anticipate need for additional staff. We have accomplished the computer feasibility study with our present staff which is rather unusual because most agencies undertaking a feasibility study require a substantial increase in staff. We have accomplished this within our own staff, and we believe that with the increased versatility and speed of the computer we can do what we are doing now as well as a few other jobs that need doing which we are not able to accomplish with our present equipment because of inherent limitation of this equipment. Dr. MUMFORD. May I ask, Mr. Chairman, that pages 55, 56, and 57, if you agree, go into the record since it tells the whole story on this? Mr. STEED. Yes, we shall include those at this point. (The pages referred to follow :) Automatic data processing equipment, $35,000 Annual rental cost of computer installation, including supporting equipment_-_. Annual rental cost of present electrical accounting installation___. Increase___ $88, 000 53, 000 35,000 The request is for an increase of $35,000 for equipment rental, represented by the difference between the estimate of $88,000 which includes the annual rental cost of a small-scale computer and necessary key punches and related equipment, and the annual rental cost of $53,000 for the present electrical accounting machine installation. The Library of Congress has for over 20 years increasingly and successfully utilized electrical accounting machines for such business operations as (1) payroll, (2) budget control, (3) billing operations of the catalog card distribution program, (4) accounting for book and periodical purchases, (5) acquisition and cataloging statistics, (6) various other statistical and management reports such as workload statistics of the legislative reference service. However, notwithstanding the continued improvement of the electrical accounting machines, the point has been reached where ever-increasing Library requirements cannot be effectively met by such machines because of their inherent limitations. The small-scale computer with its greater capacity in terms of speed and versatility will enable the Library to perform its business operations more rapidly and with greater efficiency and to perform other necessary operations, which are either not possible or impractical with present equipment. A good example of an essential operation which is not feasible with present equipment is the control over serial publications purchased by the Library. Continual updating of the purchase records of some 20,000 such publications is virtually impossible with electrical accounting machines; such updating is important for bibliographic as well as fiscal purposes. Automatic data processing equipment is particularly applicable to large paperwork operations. To illustrate the magnitude of one of the activities to which such equipment would be applied, the total number of bills prepared for the catalog card distribution program in fiscal year 1962 amounted to 407,000 representing the sale of 42 million catalog cards. In addition to business operations, the Library also requires such equipment for work in the bibliographic field. Bibliographic rules for arranging and filing cannot possibly be followed by electrical accounting machines but can readily be built into computer programs. There are areas where it is certain that automatic data processing can be applied: for example, the Presidential papers program which involves complex sorting operations and long print-out runs, particularly in the case of the larger collections such as the Taft collection which numbers 1,200,000 items and the Wilson collection of 730,000 items. Such operations are inordinately time consuming for electrical accounting equipment but are eminently feasible for automatic data processing equipment. The use of a small-scale computer is also important in connection with the overall Library automation study now being conducted by the Library of Congress. The objectives of the overall automation project differ materially from those contemplated by a small-scale computer; the automation study involves a change in the traditional concept of a research library, while the small computer anticipated by this request relates to individual business and bibliographie operations. However, it is of the highest importance that with the long-range automation objectives in mind, the staff of the Library gain experience from specific computer applications and in this way help develop a staff with some competence in computer techniques. The Library expects to gain considerably by the application of automatie data processing to its business and bibliographic activities. This will be in terms of (1) increased currency of reports and information (2) improved effectiveness of operations (3) applications to activities which are either not feasible at all or are too cumbersome with present equipment. Mr. STEED. Mr. Horan? Mr. HORAN. I have no questions at this point, Mr. Chairman. Mr. STEED. The big point here, then, in addition to more efficient operation, is the ability to add additional functions which can be performed without any other additional costs. Mr. WELSH. Yes, sir. FIFTY-SEVEN ADDITIONAL POSITIONS-CATALOGING OPERATIONS Mr. STEED. In the justifications on page 10, I believe in support of the 57 additional positions in cataloging we shall insert pages 22 through 27 of the justifications. (The pages referred to follow :) To process current receipts fully and to reduce existing cataloging arrearages: The preeminence of the Library of Congress among American libraries is due to the remarkable size and scope of its collections, the extent and quality of its services, and its leadership in library techniques and management. The Library's bibliographical and cataloging services are of the greatest value to other libraries, and the continuing development and application of its cataloging and classification services are of the utmost importance and influence to such libraries as well as to the direct service of the Library of Congress in Washington. To process current receipts fully An analysis of the production capacity of the Descriptive Cataloging Division as compared to the workload shows that the increasing volume of receipts is rapidly outpacing production capacity. At the end of fiscal 1962, the following uncataloged arrearages existed:1 Slavic languages section (7,892 items awaiting preliminary cataloging; 7,447 awaiting regular cataloging) –– 41, 281 19, 460 65, 395 10, 217 15, 339 1 This table excludes the Far Eastern languages section since this section is of fairly recent establishment and is faced with a different sort of arrearage the control of the Library's existing Orientalia collections which are serviced by, and are in the custody of the Orientalia Division. This represents approximately 166 man-years of work at present production levels. A task force of 10 GS-9 catalogers could make significant strides toward eliminating these arrearages in the foreseeable future. This task force would also provide a base for assuring that, as world publishing output increases, the Library of Congress is in a position to fulfill its responsibility for catalog control over important current materials. To clear present subject cataloging arrearage and keep pace with increased descriptive cataloging production : The request for additional subject catalogers and shelf listers is predicated primarily on the increase in workload which would result from the additional positions requested in descriptive cataloging. The Subject Cataloging Division is responsible for the classification of books according to the Library of Congress classification system and the assignment of the subject headings under which they will be entered in the catalogs. The Division is also responsible for the development and publication of the LC system of classification and subject headings and the maintenance of the shelf list of the Library's classified collections. At the close of fiscal 1962, the Division carried an arrearage of 21,366 titles awaiting subject cataloging, an increase of 2,306 titles over 1961. To clear this |