from the recording laboratory or the revolving fund were kept to just what it was set up for-and this was not to give the reference service and regular library services enumerated here on the pages of the justification-then the revolving fund would be quite solvent if we could just get this one position of $9,514 "taken off its back," so to speak.

Mr. HORAN. That is the extent of the deficiency?

Dr. BASLER. That is right.

Mr. HORAN. That is all, Mr. Chairman.

NEW POSITIONS—SOUTH ASIA, KOREA, AND AFRICAN SECTIONS

Mr. STEED. We will now go to the next item which is Southeast Asia Section, the Chinese Section of the Orientalia Division (Korean Unit), and the Government publications reading room of the Serial Division; three positions at $19,767.

You seem to justify this on the basis of increased demands. Give us something to indicate what is creating the demand and some information as to how much of a demand exists.

Dr. MUMFORD. The demand has increased because of an increased interest in these parts of the world from which these materials come and on which service is provided. The staffs have not been adequate to produce the services.

On page 53 there is an indication of the increase in items issued readers and direct reference services. Since this involves three positions of a different nature, I wonder, Mr. Chairman, if I might request that pages 51, 52, and 53 go into the record.

Mr. STEED. We will make those pages a part of the record. (The pages follow :)

To meet bibliographical, reference, and processing needs in the Southeast Asia Section, the Chinese Section of the Orientalia Division (Korean Unit), and the Government publications reading room of the Serial Division:

New positions requested

1 GS-11 Bibliographical and reference librarian, South Asia Section, Orientalia Division_..

$7,571

1 GS-5 Processing and reference assistant, Chinese Section (Korean Unit) Orientalia Division___.

1 GS-9 Reference librarian (Africa), Government publications reading room, Serial Division__.

4,347

Total.

Personnel benefits___

Total, 3 positions_-_

6,448

18, 366

1, 401

19, 767

One GS-11 bibliographical and reference librarian, South Asia Section, is needed to handle the increased demand for information on the countries of southeast Asia (Burma, Cambodia, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaya, and Singapore). With a total population of 160 million people speaking and writing 10 major languages and several dialects, this area is now a focal point in the cold war. The need for an additional language and area specialist is becoming critical to give proper attention to reference inquiries involving use of the languages of the area. particularly Thai and Indonesian, and for making known the materials in the collections for the use of Government agencies and the southeast Asia programs in the universities.

There has been no increase in the size of this Section since it was established in 1942. It consists of a Section head, one bibliographical and reference librar

ian, and a library assistant (secretary). However, in the last 5 years the number of direct reference services have increased from 4,791 in 1954-55 to 7,656 in 1960-61, an increase of 60 percent.

One GS-5 processing and reference assistant is requested for the Korean Unit of the Chinese Section. At present the one staff member qualified to handle Korean matters must do all of the acquisitions recommending, answering of reference inquiries in person, by telephone and through correspondence, examine Korean language material received in the Library, arrange and shelve it, and serve it to readers. There was a 533-percent increase in the number of Korean serial pieces received during the last fiscal year (2,755 in 1960 and 17,435 in fiscal year 1961). Because much of this material is from North Korea, received from dealers in Hong Kong, and from other agencies of the Government, and is in much demand, it should be promptly organized for use. In the face of increasing reference inquiries and increased use of materials, one person is unable to handle the workload. Also, service of Korean material is difficult when the one available staff member is absent for any reason.

Increases in circulation and reference services are as follows:

One GS-9 reference librarian (Africa), government publications reading room Serial Division, is needed to make recommendations for the acquisition of government publications from some 40 political entities in Africa now in the collections consisting of about 2,000 titles (40,000 pieces) and to provide reference service on the governmental organizations and publications and to organize new serial government publications received. The jurisdictions in Africa are in a state of constant change. Countries which formerly were colonies are gaining independence with vast changes in organizational structure and publishing practices; countries granted independence are going through periods of upheaval and reorganization. These changes require constant surveillance if we are to maintain adequate collections of current government publications. Such a position will give support to the African Section of the General Reference and Bibliography Division by seeing that all African Government publications are organized and readily available for reference use.

Dr. MUMFORD. One of them is concerned with the Southeast Asia Section and another with the Korean Unit of the Chinese Section, the other with the government publications reading room in the Serial Division, which is responsible for handling government publications in some 40 countries, as indicated here.

Mr. STEED. Could you give us any indication as to whether this increased interest is across the board or is it largely in government areas, or in research fields?

Dr. MUMFORD. I would say it would be both.

Dr. Basler, could you give a more specific answer to that?

Dr. BASLER. It is becoming increasingly difficult to determine whether a request which we get from another research institution in California or in Massachusetts is to be considered just the request of a private institution when we find out that they are working on a Government contract, they are doing work for the Government, and our specialists and our materials are necessary to bolster what they are doing.

It is so difficult to find out really what the Federal Government is doing because something that happens in places you would never suspect affects others. By and large, this increase is very heavily in service to other Government agencies right here in the Washington area.

81771-62- -4

Mr. STEED. That is the point I wanted to make.

Mr. HORAN. That would also include activities of many foundations operating in this area, too, would it not?

Dr. BASLER. Yes, and a great many of our industries.

Mr. HORAN. It always comes back to the idea of whether or not we could not get some remuneration from some of these other agencies or foundations for specific services provided by the Congressional Library. It is a difficult field and I suppose the administration of it might cost more than the results justify.

Mr. STEED. I think you have a problem there of determining whether it is a legitimate basic service of the Library, or a function that should be reimbursed for. Like you say, it probably would cost more to administer than you would get out of it if you tried to analyze it that way.

Mr. ROGERS. I think we should point out that we do have arrangements through the Office of Technical Services to perform bibliographical projects for industry for which a charge is made. All of our services are not free, if they are substantial.

Mr. HORAN. That has been included in the table of income, has it not?

Mr. ROSSITER. Yes, sir.

Mr. HORAN. That would be very helpful to us.

NEW POSITIONS- -PRINTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS

Mr. STEED. In the two new clerical positions you ask for the Prints. and Photographs Division, $8,454, could make some comment about what your need is and insert some material about your workload situation?

Dr. MUMFORD. Yes, sir. This Division has responsibility for custody and service of a very extensive collection. It does not have adequate clerical assistance to support the professional positions as indicated on pages 54 and 55. I think it would be helpful if these pages could be inserted in the record.

Mr. STEED. We will include those pages in the record as they apply to this item.

(The pages follow :)

To provide subprofessional and clerical support for the professional staff of the Prints and Photographs Division:

There has been a marked increase in activities needed to get the collections under control in order to facilitate reference and bibliographic services, including providing materials for photoduplication requests, as shown by the following table:

In order to accomplish this, the nine professional staff members have had to be diverted from their higher level duties because there are no subprofessional supporting positions for such duties.

Two library assistant positions are requested to perform typing and clerical duties related to preparation of catalog cards or other finding aids, to label, title, or caption pictorial material, and to search for and withdraw photographic negatives requested for photoduplication orders, to file and refile photographic prints and negatives, and to otherwise assist in the organization of the collections.

NEW POSITIONS-RARE BOOK DIVISION

Mr. STEED. Your Rare Book Division, I note, has had no increase for some 10 years. You ask for one more at $4,382. I believe you have five people in the unit now, but what is the current situation?

Who mostly uses this rare books room? What size collection do you have available for use there?

Dr. MUMFORD. The collection consists of about 325,000 volumes. It is used by a variety of people.

Dr. Basler, I am not sure it is possible to categorize the people but do you have something to add?

Ďr. BASLER. I would say these readers are all specialists or historians from almost anywhere in the country who come to use our rare materials. Many of these materials are not available anywhere else in the country.

Dr. MUMFORD. There is a further support of that on page 56 in the number of readers and volumes circulated, showing the increases that have taken place.

Mr. HORAN. Inferentially, might I inquire about your fire and other protection of this collection?

Dr. MUMFORD. We exercise every precaution possible but as to the details, they are handled through the administrative department and I would like Mr. Gooch to speak to that, if he will.

Mr. Gooch. The rare book collection is housed in what is essentially a vault, which is of specially designed, fireproof construction. It was constructed in the early 1930's when the east front of the main building was extended.

We have had fire extinguishers spaced at very frequent intervals throughout the collection accessible to the staff. I think the probability of fire breaking out within the rare book vault is much less than in other parts of the building.

Mr. HORAN. You permit no smoking?

Mr. GOOCH. Absolutely no smoking whatsoever there. There is no access by the public or by readers.

Mr. STEED. Will the current work, to do some revising of your heating and cooling systems, and fireproofing, make any contribution to security in this field?

Mr. GOOCH. Within the rare book area itself?

Mr. STEED. Yes.

Mr. GOOCH. I would have to refer that to the engineers of the Architect's Office. I do not think it will jeopardize the collections in any sense at all.

Mr. STEED. Would it assist you in the matter of climate control, or the impact of climate on your collection?

Mr. GoоCH. As far as the rare book collection itself is concerned, Mr. Chairman, air conditioning was installed at the time this vault was constructed and constant temperature and humidity conditions are maintained throughout the year. In the building generally, the renovation of the ventilating system will greatly reduce any hazards of fire in the book collections in that in the older book stacks, spaces between the aisles and the ranges of books which now are fire hazards, will be closed and each deck will become a separate vault.

NEW POSITIONS-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Mr. STEED. We will now go to the next item which is a request for four new positions for the Science and Technology Division, $30,429.

When was this Division established?

Dr. BASLER. 1949.

Mr. STEED. What is the present situation with regard to the number of people employed and the workload?

Mr. ROSSITER. The Science Division has a staff of 26 appropriated positions.

Mr. STEED. What is the workload picture as it now exists?

Dr. MUMFORD. We have a brief summary in the workload table, Mr. Chairman. For example, the staff establishes the criteria for the selection of scientific and technological materials. Last year the recommending of materials involved scanning 1,900 book lists and recommending 21,000 items for acquisition as well as answering 18,000 reference inquiries and holding 210 reference conferences. That is a rather abbreviated summary because the number of inquiries that have been coming to the Science and Technology Division in the last few years has been increasing tremendously.

Last year the Direct Reference Service alone increased 18.5 percent over the previous year. We have the largest science collection in the country and possibly in the world. It numbers about 1.5 million volumes and it is a center for scientific information. More and more inquiries are coming there from Government agencies and from contractors who are doing governmental work and from individuals.

As Mr. Rogers indicated previously, in cooperation with the Office of Technical Services, we do have some service for which fees are charged, such as the bibliographic service to contractors and even nongovernmental contractors.

We are undertaking to supply special services on a fee basis, but the Division generally has been a beehive of activity and in the last 2 or 3 years its work has increased tremendously.

On page 59, there is a selected list of some of the inquiries or reports that have been requested by Members of Congress or congressional committee. I would like to request that that page be placed in the record.