Mr. NORRELL. We will turn page 98 of the bill, "Preservation of early American motion pictures." You are requesting $60,000, I believe. You asked for that amount last year, did you not? Mr. MUMFORD. Yes, sir.

JUSTIFICATION DATA

Mr. NORRELL. We will insert pages 99 and 100 in the record at this

point.

(The pages follow:)

GENERAL STATEMENT

In the Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1959, there was included $60,000 to enable the Librarian of Congress to initiate a program for the conversion to safety base film of the George Kleine collection of nitrate film, and the paper prints of early American motion pictures now in the custody of the Library. During fiscal year 1959 approximately 120,600 feet of 35 mm. paper prints were converted at a cost of about $43,400, and some 239,000 feet of nitrate film in the Kleine collection were converted to safety base film at a cost of approximately $10,500.

With the same sum appropriated in fiscal year 1960, it is expected that an additional 120,400 feet of 35-mm. paper prints will be converted, as well as about 20.000 feet remaining in the Kleine collection.

With the $60,000 requested for fiscal year 1961, it will be possible to convert an additional 135,700 feet of 35-mm. paper prints at an approximate cost of $51,000. An estimated 545,000 feet of paper prints will then remain to be converted. It will be necessary to continue the two positions allowed in the last 2 fiscal years at a cost of $7,010 to handle the shipment of paper prints to and from the processing laboratory, and to maintain appropriate research and corre spondence incident to this.

No increase is requested for fiscal year 1961.

PROBABLE DURATION OF PROJECT

Mr. NORRELL. How many more years will it be before you finish this project?

Mr. MUMFORD. As these figures on page 99 indicate, if this amount is granted for fiscal year 1961 there will remain an estimated 545,000 feet of paper prints to be converted, and we expect to do 135,700 feet during 1961, so that it would take roughly 4 years to complete the job

at that rate.

Mr. NORRELL. Where does the library keep its film and under what arrangement?

Mr. MUMFORD. The film that has a nitrate base and is naturally inflammable is stored in vaults supplied to the Library by the General Services Administration in Suitland. The safety film we maintain in the annex building.

Mr. NORRELL. All right, Doctor. As usual, we enjoyed your coming before us.

Mr. MUMFORD. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. It is certainly a pleasure to be received so cordially, and I appreciate your sympathetic con

sideration.

Mr. NORRELL. I think all of you realize the Members of Congress that constitute this committee have been here for a long time and we all think a lot of all of you. You are highly respected and we think there is just no equal to the Library of Congress anywhere in

the world.

Mr. MUMFORD. Thank you very much. We will continue to try to live up to your concepts and expectations in that respect.

TUESDAY, APRIL 26, 1960.

COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF LIBRARY MATERIALS (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)

WITNESS

STEPHEN A. McCARTHY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, ASSOCIATION OF RESEARCH LIBRARIES

Mr. NORRELL. The committee will come to order. We have before us Mr. Stephen A. McCarthy, executive secretary, Association of Research Libraries, on the special foreign currency program, which is on page 98. We are glad to have you here, Mr. McCarthy. We will be glad to hear your statement.

Mr. MCCARTHY. Thank you, sir. I am Stephen McCarthy, director of the university library at Cornell University, and also executive secretary of the Association of Research Libraries.

Mr. NORRELL. Before you proceed, I would like to introduce you to Congressman Taber who, as I am sure you know, represents that part of New York.

Mr. McCARTHY. Yes, Mr. Taber is my Congressman. I am happy to meet you, sir.

Mr. TABER. I am very glad to see you.

Mr. NORRELL. We are honored and always glad to have him with us. You may proceed.

Mr. MCCARTHY. Mr. Chairman, members of the committee, I asked for the opportunity to appear before you in order to present the views of the Association of Research Libraries, an organization of 49 research libraries, on Public Law 480, title 1, section 104-n, and specifically on that part of the Library of Congress budget (U.S. Budget, 1961, pp. 42-43) which would provide funds to implement this legislation.

At a meeting of the Association of Research Libraries held in Chicago on January 27, 1960, the following resolution was unanimously approved:

The Association of Research Libraries, an organization of the libraries of principal university and other research organizations through the Nation, hereby

reaffirms its belief that the legislation known as Public Law 480 (title 1, sec. 104-n) holds great promise for assistance to American research into problems for the solution of which the publications of foreign countries or the cataloging or indexing of such publications are important.

The association hereby instructs its officers to support, by any appropriate means, the appropriation of the funds necessary to the early implementation of this legislation.

The Association of Research Libraries has long been interested in programs designed to bring to this country's libraries the publications of foreign countries which are of value for the work of American scholars, scientists, and students. To the extent of their ability, all our member libraries are engaged in the acquisition of foreign publications. As an organization, the Association of Research Libraries sponsors several projects through which its member libraries and other libraries cooperate in an effort to secure foreign publications considered of value for American research workers. One of these projects, the Farmington plan, has as its objective to secure one copy of each foreign book of research value. The Farmington plan is in full operation in Western Europe, Australia, and Mexico; it is only partially in effect or is about to be put into effect in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and South America. The Farmington plan is limited to books. It excludes scientific and scholarly periodicals and government publications, not because these publications are not needed and wanted-they are: These types of publications are excluded because their inclusion would make the operation of the plan far more difficult. The limitations of this plan are evident. It provides only single copies of books valuable for research; it excludes completely certain types of publications that have great research value. My reason for referring to the Farmington plan here is to show that the members of the Association of Research Libraries and other libraries have been making a serious and sustained effort to get foreign research publications into this country.

Since World War II, the United States has been engaged in economic, social, educational, and defense activities in many countries of the world. The programs of mutual interest that have been undertaken have put an unprecedented demand on the Nation for qualified men and women trained in the languages, history, and social and economic conditions of these countries, as well as for scientific and technical experts. The colleges and universities have responded to this demand by introducing new programs of study, called area studies, designed to give students the background that is essential for effective work in these foreign lands. Many Government officials and military officers have been enrolled in these programs. The area programs, however, have been hampered in many instances by lack of adequate library book collections. This lack of books and other library materials in individual university libraries is merely a reflection of a national shortage of foreign publications, especially from countries that have been undergoing intensive development in the last 10 or 15 years. The program now presented by the Library of Congress will help to correct this situation in the countries to which it applies.

The plan submitted by the Librarian of Congress (Library of Congress, collection and distribution of Library materials, estimates 1961, Budget of the United States 1961, pp. 42-43) proposes to use

funds in six excess currency countries and two others for the acquisition and cataloging of books, periodicals, and other library materials. The countries included-India, Israel, Pakistan, Poland, United Arab Republic, Yugoslavia, Formosa, and Spain-are all nations for which the present coverage of scholarly and scientific publications in American research libraries is inadequate. The plan is intended to acquire such publications in several copies, to have these publications cataloged abroad and to place them in the American libraries where they can be best utilized for scholarly and scientific research. In this way, a serious gap in our library holdings and in the materials required for research will be closed. The Association of Research Libraries considers this program to be in the national interest.

In order to institute and maintain a comprehensive program for the acquisition of library materials in the countries listed, the Library of Congress proposes to establish centers for this purpose in the respective countries. This proposal is based on experience. National bibliographies-the record of books published-for these countries are nonexistent or seriously incomplete. Moreover the book trade in most of these countries is not organized to conduct an export business on a comprehensive scale. The only way in which American research libraries can be assured of (1) knowing what books are published; and (2) acquiring the books selected is to establish centers in the various countries to perform this service. In so doing the Library of Congress will provide an important bibliographical service for the respective countries as well as serve the needs of American scientists and scholars.

L

The proposed plan calls for cataloging as well as purchase of publications. Most of the publications acquired in the countries covered by the present legislation will be in languages that are not well known in America and that present serious cataloging problems because there are few American librarians who know these languages. Provision for cataloging by experts in the various languages will assure the correct and prompt listing of these publications in the National Union Catalog published by the Library of Congress. Since this catalog is commonly held in American research libraries, notice of the availability of these publications will be widely disseminated. Through interlibrary loan and photocopies, the publications can then be made available to researchers competent to use them.

In the past 2 years there has been widespread criticism of our educational system and frequent comparisons, mostly to our disadvantage, with the Russian system of education and the Russian methods of providing their scientists and scholars with publications, indexes, abstracts, and translations relevant to their work. I am not interested in evaluating these comparisons. I do believe that the program now under consideration by this committee represents one method by which we in America can make sure that our teachers, students and research workers will have access to the publications they require, quickly and easily, from the countries covered by this program. This is important.

The authorization legislation-the Dingell amendment to the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954-was passed by Congress and signed by the President in September 1958. No appropriation has yet been made to put this legislation into effect.

THE

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Speaking on behalf of American research libraries, I respectfully urge this committee to approve the appropriation requested and thus enable the Library of Congress to undertake this program. Thank you for the opportunity to appear at this hearing.

Mr. NORRELL. Before I pass the witness to other members of the committee, I am of the strong opinion, as is a large percentage of the American people, that we must be very slow this year in authorizing anything new. That is to say, granting something that has not been appropriated heretofore.

The reason for that is the fact that the American Government is now spending over $80 billion a year, much more than we collect in taxes, about $13 billion more than we collected in taxes last year.

So the question of borrowing, going further in debt, is necessarily something that all of us have to think about.

I would not say this is not something that is beneficial, but we have gone along without this for a long time.

Do you have any statements you want to make regarding whether we should go in debt for something like this or not? You are one of the taxpayers.

Mr. MCCARTHY. April 15 is not far behind us.

Mr. NORRELL. You understand.

Mr. MCCARTHY. Yes. I certainly have not prepared a statement on this, but I will say this, sir. When the authorizinug act was passed, it provided for the use of this excess foreign currency. The thought back of it was that there were rupees in India and pounds in the United Arab Republic which belong to the United States because we had sold them our farm surplus.

This money was in excess of what the agencies of the Government, such as the embassies and consular offices in these countries, could use. So this money was just sitting there in Cairo and in Delhi and in Jakarata. The thought was back of the Dingell amendment that for excess farm products, if we could bring the books and the periodicals from these countries to this country, this would be au seful exchange. This has been turned around to the point where an agency like the Library of Congress has to request dollar appropriations to buy foreign currency that is already owned by the Government. As I understand it, this decision was made because of the view that if this money were simply made available to the Library of Congress, it was unfair to our agricultural interests. That is, it made it seem that it was part of the cost of the agriculture program.

So that while in one sense the Library of Congress comes to you for an appropriation, it is really asking, if I see it correctly, Uncle Sam to take the dolars out of one of his pockets and put them in another. I do not think in the real sense this is adding to the expenditures of the Government.

Mr. NORRELL. What would you estimate the cost per year would be, say, during the next 10 years?

Mr. McCARTHY. You have raised a question that I could not attempt to answer. Actually, I am not privy to the plans of the Library of Congress except as they appear in this part of the U.S. budget.

Mr. NORRELL. I believe you want 10 men to head the program. Mr. MCCARTHY. That would have to come from the Library of Congress. I do not know.