Decrease: Analysis of increases and decreases 1. Regular pay in excess of 52-week base___. Increases: 1960 required the appropriation of funds for one additional day than is normally necessary, or a total of 262 days. 1961 will require only 261 days. 2. Ingrade increases and other anticipated increases in salary costs___ Of this amount it is expected that 75 percent will be needed for ingrade increases and 25 percent for reallocations. 3. Contribution to health insurance program_. Public Law 86-382 provides for Federal agency contribution to the health insurance program effective at the beginning of fiscal year 1961. The specific requirements for this increase have been based on the formula provided by the Bureau of the Budget. 4. Printing-pay increase at Government Printing Office__. Printers at the Government Printing Office were granted an increase of 8 cents per hour effective August 18, 1959; pressmen were granted an increase of 9 cents per hour effective August 7, 1959; and laborers 5 cents per hour effective September 6, 1959. The GPO estimates the annual cost of these pay increases at $7,200 to be passed on to the Library in the form of increased bills for card printing. Total increases__. -$3,896 +14, 896 +13, 200 +7, 200 Net increases___. +35, 296 INCREASES REQUESTED Mr. NORRELL. Please take up item by item, this request, Doctor, and discuss it. Mr. MUMFORD. Well, for this appropriation, Mr. Chairman, we are asking only for the so-called mandatory increases. Item 2 covers the ingrade increase and reallocations. As we have indicated in the other appropriations; here it is estimated that about 75 percent will be needed for ingrade increases and about 25 percent for reallocations. That comes to $14,896. The next item is for the contribution to the health insurance program, which is the same as in other appropriations, amounting to $13,200, and then the next item, item No. 4, is for printing to cover a pay increase of the Government Printing Office. The printers at the Government Printing Office were granted an increase of 8 cents per hour, effective August 18, 1959. The pressmen were granted an increase of 9 cents per hour, effective August 7, 1959, and the laborers were granted an increase of 5 cents per hour effective September 6, 1959. The Government Printing Office has estimated that the annual cost of these pay increases, to be passed on to the Library in the form of increased bills for card printing, at about $7,200. We are not asking for any additional personnel or any additional money for printing beyond that needed to meet these pay increases. נור. NEW POSITIONS ALLOWED FOR 1960 Mr. NORRELL. How many new positions did we give you last year, Doctor, if you remember? Mr. MUMFORD. For the card distribution service? Mr. NORRELL. Yes, sir. Mr. MUMFORD. Fifteen positions, Mr. Chairman. You will recall that we at that time pointed out that there was a tremendous increase in the sale of cards, and this has continued, though not at the same rate that it had been for the prior 2 years. We still show a continuing increase in the sale and distribution of cards, and for the last fiscal year we returned to the Treasury more than 100 percent of the appropriation and we expect that it will be in excess of the appropriation this year or for the current fiscal year. STATUS OF WORK Mr. NORRELL. Are you pretty current in the work? Mr. MUMFORD. Well, we are hard pressed to fill orders promptly with the present personnel because, as I say, there has been some continued increase, although it has not been at as high a rate as prevailed during the last 2 years. However, we felt that we could get through another year without asking for additional personnel. I think we have a table here on page 67 of the justifications which shows the receipts from the sale of cards and the total cards sold and, as you see, it continues to go upward. For 1960 we estimate a return to the Treasury of $2 million in receipts from the sale of cards and the sale of publications, and we estimate we will sell 31 million cards. Actually, the present indications are that it will exceed that figure. Mr. Coffin, do you have any comment on this item? Mr. COFFIN. The number of subscribers continues to increase each year. Last year we had an increase of something like 1,134 or 1,135 new card subscribers and this year, up to the present time, we have had nearly 1,100 new subscribers, despite the fact that some of the large research libraries have put in their own equipment to reproduce catalog cards. It seems that the smaller libraries and the special libraries are coming to us for their printed cards. INCOME AND EXPENSES, 1950-60 Mr. NORRELL. Looking at the table on page 67 of the justifications as we have it here, I wonder if you could give us a table similar to the one which appears at page 211 of the 1960 hearings, bringing this down to date? Mr. MUMFORD. Yes, sir. Mr. NORRELL. This item is more than paying for itself. Mr. MUMFORD. Yes, sir; it is. As I indicated, for last year and this year, it is a little more than self-sustaining. INCREASE FOR REALLOCATIONS Mr. NORRELL. Why do you ask for more for reallocation of positions, especially in view of the fact that the grades are dropping in 1959 and 1960 as shown on page 88 of the bill? Mr. MUMFORD. The average dropped this year because the committee authorized 15 positions in the lower grades last year, thereby bringing down the average. With reference to item No. 2 here for ingrade increases and for reallocations, we have indicated that 75 percent will be needed for ingrade increases and only 25 percent for reallocations. In other words, the percentage of reallocations here is smaller than in some other parts of the Library. This may also be due to the fact that there is a larger proportion of lower level positions in the card distribution service. Mr. NORRELL. Are there any further questions? If not, we shall turn to the next item. Mr. NORRELL. The next item appears at page 89 of the bill, which is a request for the general increase of the Library of Congress, wherein you ask for a substantial increase of $100,000. At this point in the record we shall insert page 68 of the justifications. (The page referred to follows:) 1960 regular bill__. 1961 estimate---- $350,000 450, 000 Net increase___ Analysis of increases - +100, 000 1. Increased costs of library materials and additional reference and research materials to strengthen collections_-_ To compensate for the loss of buying power resulting from increasing prices for library materials as raw materials and labor costs rise throughout the world; to meet the ever-growing requirements for information from all areas, intensified by the expansion of the Library's services notably in the fields of science, technology, Orientalia and Africana; and to maintain coverage of the rapidly accelerating volume of library materials, particularly serial materials, appearing in all fields of knowledge. Of this amount, it is estimated that at least $30,000 is attributable to price increases. 2. Additional materials for exchange use To purchase additional current materials for exchange with foreign academic institutions, learned societies and government agencies for their publications which are generally not available for purchase through the usual book trade channels. 3. Microfilming current newspapers_. To purchase microfilm of current newspapers as a preservative measure and to conserve space. Net increase__. +$88,000 +5,000 +7,000 +100, 000 Mr. NORRELL. In view of the size of the increase, Doctor, we might also include pages 69 to 76 of the justifications. (The pages referred to follow :) GENERAL STATEMENT This appropriation provides for the purchase of materials for the Library's general collections. The Library's acquisition program entails the worldwide procurement of current and noncurrent publications needed to supply information to Congress, the Federal agencies, and the research community at large. In fiscal 1959, 548,980 pieces were purchased from this appropriation. While the Library received much material through copyright deposit, transfer from Federal agencies, gift, and domestic and international exchange, the pieces received by purchase through this appropriation constitute a substantial and essential part of the material added to the Library's collections. The increase of $100,000 briefly outlined in the table prefacing this part of the appropriation statement is further justified as follows: Increased costs of library materials and additional reference and research materials to strengthen collections The generally increased costs of library materials and the need to keep abreast of increased publishing activity are reflected in the steady increases in the book budgets of the major American research libraries in the past decade. Some typical increases in library book budgets are the following: The Library of Congress' comparable figures for book budgets (including the increase of the Law Library as well as the general increase of the Library of Congress appropriation) show $395,000 in 1950-51 and $440,000 in 1959-60, an increase of 11.4 percent. It is inappropriate to compare the book purchasing program of the Library of Congress with the programs of the above-mentioned institutions except to further emphasize the mutual factors involved in these increases. Price increases Increased costs of library materials cited in the Library's justification of its 1960 estimates continue unabated. Illustrative of the price increase factor is the Library's experience with the cost of foreign publications as shown in the following table: Cost of foreign publications, book unit price in dollars The above prices reflect an average increase in price of 13 percent in 1959 as compared with 1958 and an increase of 15 percent in 1958 over 1955 or a total increase of 30 percent in 1959 as compared with 1955. However, the increase in the appropriation to compensate for increased cost of library materials has been but 6 percent during the same period. Thus a substantial increase is required if the Library is to regain the buying power which it has lost over the past several years due to the increased cost of library materials. The Committee on Cost of Library Materials Index of the American Library Association issued on January 1, 1960, the following figures on price increases in U.S. publications from 1947–49 (base period) through 1958: Subject field: Science__ Technology. Percentage increase Business_ Though 1959 costs have not yet been so analyzed, indications are that this trend has continued with the cost of the more important technical materials still leading the way. The continued growth in the publication of library materials compels the Library to increase its acquisition of books, periodicals, newspapers, etc., if |