313. BURKE, JOHN, J. B., and A. P. A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the peerage and baronetage of the British empire. London, 1826; 76th edition, 1914.

This well-known work should be used with caution. Mr. R. E. Chester Waters (Parish Registers, 1883, p. 39) calls it a gorgeous repertory of genealogical mythology.' For the untitled, see Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry, 3 vols., London, 1847-49, and later editions.

314. CLEVELAND, Duchess of [C. L. W. ROWLETT]. The Battle abbey roll. 3 vols. London, 1889.

Deals with the pedigrees of many noble families; professes to be a list of the principal followers of William the Conqueror who took part in the battle of Hastings. The original is not extant (it was borrowed from the abbot of Battle by Henry V. and was never returned), and the various copies have little historical value. The duchess of Cleveland admits that, owing to the numerous interpolations, its value as an authority is irretrievably lost.' See Joseph Hunter, On the (so-called) Roll of Battle Abbey, Sussex Archæol. Soc., Collections, 1853, vi. 1-14; he claims that the existing copies or lists were not ascribed to Battle abbey until the time of Elizabeth. See also G. [F.] Duckett, Remarks on a Battle Abbey Roll, ibid., 1878, xxviii. 127–31; and A. E. P. Gray, The Roll of Battle Abbey, Historic Soc. of Lanc. and Chesh., Trans., 1895, xlvi. 1–18.

315. *C[OKAYNE], G. E. Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. 8 vols. London, 1887-98.-New edition, revised and much enlarged [to be in 12 vols.], by Vicary Gibbs, 1910, etc.

The most comprehensive work of this kind in the English language.

316. COLLINS, ARTHUR. The peerage of England. London, 1709.-New edition, by S. E. Brydges, 9 vols., London, 1812.

317. *DOYLE, J. E. The official baronage of England, showing the succession, dignities, and offices of every peer from 1066 to 1885. 3 vols. London, 1886.

Valuable, but deals only with the higher grades of peerage, giving the offices held by dukes, marquises, earls, and viscounts.

318. *DUGDALE, WILLIAM. The baronage of England. 2 vols. London, 1675-76.

Though many of Dugdale's pedigrees are wrong, his work remains of great value for the middle ages, especially for the post-Norman periods.

319. FOSTER, JOSEPH. The peerage, baronetage, and knightage of the British empire. 5 vols. London, 1879–83.

Valuable.

320. LODGE, EDMUND. The peerage and baronetage of the British empire. London, 1831; 81st edition, [1912].

321. NICOLAS, [N.] H. The historic peerage of England, being a new edition of the Synopsis of the peerage of England, by the late Sir Harris Nicolas [2 vols., 1825]. Revised by William Courthope. London, 1857.

Contains also the succession of bishops and an essay on dignities. The remainder of the work is now replaced by Cokayne's Peerage, but its conciseness and convenient form make it still useful.

d. ROYALTY, CHANCELLORS, JUSTICES, ETC.

See Nos. 706, 974.

322. BURKE, JOHN, [and BURKE, J. B.]. The royal families of England, Scotland, and Wales, with their descendants. 2 vols. London, 1848-51.

The genealogical information cannot always be trusted.

323. CAMPBELL, JOHN. The lives of the chief justices of England. 3 vols. London, 1849-57; 3rd edition, 4 vols., 1874. The lives of the lord chancellors of England. 8 vols. London, 1845-69; 4th edition, 10 vols., 1856-57.

324.

These two works are useful, but they are inaccurate and untrustworthy.

325. DORAN, [JOHN]. The book of the princes of Wales. London, 1860.

326. FINCH, B. C. Lives of the princesses of Wales. 3 vols. London, 1883.

A popular account, exhibiting little research.

327. *Foss, EDWARD. The judges of England. 9 vols. London, 1848-64.-Abridged under the title: Biographia juridica, a biographical dictionary of the judges of England, 1066-1870. London, 1870.

Valuable, but not always reliable.

328. *GREEN, M. A. E. Lives of the princesses of England, from the Norman conquest. 6 vols. London, 1849-55; reprinted, 1857.

Displays considerable research.

329. O'FLANAGAN, J. R. The lives of the lord chancellors of Ireland. 2 vols. London, 1870.

329a. OWEN, WILLIAM. The Cambrian biography: or historical notices of celebrated men among the ancient Britons. London, 1803.

330. SANDFORD, FRANCIS. Genealogical history of the kings and queens of England, 1066-1707. First published [in 1677] by Francis Sandford, and continued by Samuel Stebbing. London, 1707.

330а. SHAW, W. A. The knights of England. 2 vols. London, 1906.

More useful for the first four centuries than for the middle ages.

331. STRICKLAND, AGNES. Lives of the queens of England, from the Norman conquest. 12 vols. London, 1840-48; new editions, 8 vols., 1851-52, and 6 vols., 1864–65.

332. WILLIAMS, R. F. Lives of the English cardinals, from Nicholas Breakspear to Thomas Wolsey. 2 vols. London, 1868.

For a popular account, see C. S. Isaacson, The Story of the English Cardinals [1144-1403], London, 1907.

333. Lives of the princes of Wales. Vol. i. [to 1376]. London, 1843.

334. WRIGHT, THOMAS. Biographia Britannica literaria. Anglo-Saxon period. London, 1842.-Anglo-Norman period. London, 1846.

e. HISTORY OF NAMES.

There is a useful list of Latin surnames, with their English equivalents, in Martin's Record Interpreter (No. 239), 429–50. For a good short account of the history of names, see Giry's Manuel (No. 233), 351-76. For names of Norse origin, see Erik Björkman, Nordische Personennamen in England in Alt- und Frühmittel-Englischer Zeit, Halle, 1910.

335. BARBER, HENRY. British family names: their origin and meaning. London, 1894; 2nd edition, 1902.

336. BARDSLEY, C. W. English surnames: their sources and signification. London, [1873]; 5th edition, 1897; reprinted, 1903 and 1906.-A dictionary of English and Welsh surnames. London, 1901.

The most trustworthy books on the subject; but the Dictionary contains many omissions, and the etymologies cannot always be accepted.

337. FERGUSON, ROBERT. Surnames as a science. London, 1883; 2nd edition, 1884.-The Teutonic name-system applied to the family names of France, England, and Germany. London, 1864.

337a. HARRISON, HENRY. Surnames of the United Kingdom: a concise etymological dictionary. Vols. i.-ii. pt. ix. (A—Seb). London, 1912 [1907]–14.

338. KEMBLE, J. M. The names, surnames, and nicnames of the Anglosaxons. Royal Archæol. Institute of Great Britain, Proceedings at Winchester, 1845, pp. 81-102. London, 1846.

339. LOWER, M. A. English surnames: an essay on family nomenclature. London, 1842; 4th edition, 2 vols., 1875.

340.

Patronimica Britannica: a dictionary of the family names of the United Kingdom. London, 1860.

341. SEARLE, W. G. Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum: a list of Anglo-Saxon proper names [i.e. of persons], from the time of Beda to that of king John. Cambridge, 1897.

Severely criticised in the Athenæum, Jan. 22, 1898, p. 110. 342. YONGE, C. M. History of Christian names. London, 1863; new edition, I vol., 1884.

2 vols.

§ 9. GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY.

a. Treatises, Nos. 343-52.

b. Dictionaries and Gazetteers, Nos. 353-61.

c. Historical Atlases, Nos. 362-8.

For the physical geography of Britain in relation to English history, see H. J. Mackinder, Britain and the British Seas, London, 1902.

Political geography has long been considered an important part of historical study, and in recent years the scientific

investigation of place-names has thrown much light on the early history of European nations. For bibliographical purposes Egli's Namenkunde (No. 345) is valuable; see also Karl Elze, Englische Philologie (No. 40), 100-133. There is a good account of the history of place-names, especially in France, with a bibliography of the subject, in Giry's Manuel (No. 233), 377-420. For AngloSaxon names, see Kemble, Codex Diplomaticus, vols. iii., vi., and Saxons in England, ii. 550-58; Leo, Rectitudines (No. 349). For the influence of the Danes, see § 42, especially the works of Worsaae and Ferguson; Taylor, Words and Places (No. 351) ; Harald Lindkvist, Middle-English Place-names of Scandinavian Origin, pt. i., Upsala, 1912.

One of the greatest difficulties that the historical investigator encounters is the identification of old place-names. All the general dictionaries (Nos. 353-61) are very incomplete. They must be supplemented by the indexes in such works as Stubbs's edition of Hoveden, the Calendars of the Patent and Close Rolls, the Catalogue of Ancient Deeds (No. 2772), the Index to the Charters and Rolls in the Department of Manuscripts, British Museum (No. 516a), the publications of the Selden Society, Petrie's Monumenta, Kemble's Codex Diplomaticus, vol. vi., Maitland's edition of Bracton's Note Book, Tanner's Notitia Monastica, Cowell's Law Dictionary, 1708, appendix, etc. See also Martin, Record Interpreter (No. 239), 345-422; Pearson, Historical Maps (No. 366), 12-38.

The bibliographies of topographical works are given above, in § 2. Lewis's dictionaries (No. 361), though not works of much research, will be found useful for purposes of general reference. For topographical guides, etc., see Nos. 301, 308-11; and for histories of counties, boroughs, manors, etc., § 24, especially many sections in the Victoria county histories (No. 839).

a. TREATISES.

343. CAMDEN, WILLIAM. Britannia. London, 1586; [6th edition], 1607.-Translated into English by Richard Gough, 3 vols., 1789; 2nd edition, 4 vols., 1806.

344. EDMUNDS, FLAVELL. Traces of history in the names of places. London, 1869; new edition, 1872.

345. EGLI, J. J. Geschichte der geographischen Namenkunde. Leipsic, 1886.

A valuable account of the literature relating to the historical study of place-names.