2008. *Records of the parliament at Westminster in 1305, ed. F. W. Maitland. Half-title: Memoranda de parliamento.] Rolls Series. London, 1893.

The best edited of all the printed parliament rolls. Contains, besides the roll of 1305, thirteen original petitions and a valuable introduction, which throws light on the history of parliament and the privy council and on the nature of the petitions.

2009. Roll of the proceedings of the king's council in Ireland, 1392-93 [with a translation], ed. James Graves. Rolls Series. London, 1877.

The MS., the text of which is mainly in French, is preserved among the muniments of the marquis of Ormonde. The greater part of the record is made up of petitions presented to the council, with the answers thereto. On pp. lv.-lxxiv. is a translation of the ordinances of a great council of Ireland, 1455. The appendix contains various documents, including a calendar of Irish close rolls, 16 Richard II.

2010. *Rotuli parliamentorum; ut et petitiones et placita in parliamento [1278-1503]. 6 vols. n.p., n.d.—Index, 1832. The most valuable collection of material relating to the history of parliament. It was printed in accordance with an order of the house of lords, dated March 9, 1767. In 1777 the six volumes were 'in a very short time' to be ready to be delivered to the lords': Lords' Journals, xxxv. 236. The official copy of the work formerly in the old record office in the Tower has a MS. inscription stating that the same was presented in 1783 by the king's command. The text of this edition is inaccurate, having been printed from transcripts which were not collated with the originals. The appendixes contain many petitions and extracts from letters patent and close. For rolls not included in these six volumes, see Nos. 2002, 2008. The elaborate Index to the Rolls of Parliament, 1832, was edited by John Strachey, John Pridden, and Edward Upham, by order of a committee of the lords.

2011. RYLEY, WILLIAM. Placita parliamentaria [Edw. I.Edw. II.]. London, 1661.

Contains rolls of parliament; with an appendix comprising extracts from patent and close rolls, Edw. I.-Edw. II., and petitions in parliament, Edw. I.-Hen. VI. This collection has been superseded by the Rotuli Parliamentorum (No. 2010).

b. LEGISLATIVE ACTS.

Apart from the Leges, or private compilations, of the twelfth century examined in § 366, the principal legislative acts of the period 1066-1485 are:

1. Two small collections of William the Conqueror's laws. One of these comprises three enactments regarding the use of the duel and the ordeal in criminal accusations in which Normans and Englishmen were concerned: Latin and Anglo-Saxon versions are printed in Schmid's Gesetze der Angelsachsen, 352-3, Thorpe's Ancient Laws, i. 488–9, and Liebermann's Gesetze der Angelsachsen, i. 483-4; cf. Freeman, Norman Conquest, vol. v. app. KK, and below, No. 2016. The other collection (often called Articuli Willelmi, or, from the opening words, Hic Intimatur) contains ten Latin enactments regarding the oath of fealty, murder fines, punishments, etc.: 9th edition, in Stubbs's Select Charters, 97-99, in his edition of Hoveden, vol. ii. pp. ci.-cii., 216-18, and in Liebermann's Gesetze, i. 486-8. This seems to be a private compilation put together early in the twelfth century and containing an epitome of ordinances made by the Conqueror at different times. There is also a much longer version, with various interpolations by a later hand, perhaps of Edward I.'s time: Schmid, Gesetze, 354-7; Thorpe, Ancient Laws, i. 490-94; Liebermann, Gesetze, i. 489-91; cf. Hoveden, ed. Stubbs, vol. ii. pp. xxii.-xliii. We have also the Conqueror's ordinance or writ separating the ecclesiastical from the temporal courts: Schmid, Gesetze, 357; Liebermann, Gesetze, i. 485; Stubbs, Select Charters, 99-100.

2. The charters of liberties of Henry I., Stephen, and Henry II. Stubbs, Select Charters, 116–19, 142–4, 158; also printed in Bémont's work and in Statutes of the Realm, 1810, i. 1-4 (Nos. 2013, 2025). On Henry I.'s charter, of which Liebermann gives the best text (No. 2017), see E. A. Freeman, William Rufus, ii. 352-9; and H. L. Cannon, The Character and Antecedents of the Charter of Liberties of Henry I., in American Historical Review, 1909, xv. 37-46.

3. The order of Henry I. concerning the holding of the courts of the hundred and shire (Stubbs, Select Charters, 122, and Liebermann, Gesetze, i. 524); and the assizes, orders, and constitutions of Henry II. and Richard I. (Stubbs, Select Charters, 161-89, 251-8). For the assize of Clarendon, see also Palgrave, English Commonwealth, ii. 166-71; and for the constitutions of Clarendon, see Maitland, Henry II. and the Criminous Clerks (No. 3124).

4. The Great Charter of John, the forest charter, and their various confirmations to 1301: Stubbs, Select Charters, 284-303, 333-51, 482-93; Statutes of the Realm, 1810, i. 6-44; and

the works of Bémont, Blackstone, and Thomson (Nos. 2013-14, 2019). There is an elaborate commentary on the Great Charter in Coke's Second Institute (No. 649); another valuable one is McKechnie's work (No. 2017a), which also, at pp. 176–82, points to other commentaries and editions. Bémont gives an account of the literature concerning the charters of liberties. G. B. Adams's essays are expanded in No. 638. See C. H. McIlwain, Due Process of Law in Magna Carta, Columbia Law Review, 1914, xiv. 27-51. Autotypes of the articles of the barons and Magna Carta may be purchased at the British Museum. On the Confirmatio Cartarum, 1297, see No. 1986.

5. The statute rolls, records of chancery in which the statutes were entered. Only six rolls are extant, extending from 6 Edward I. to 8 Edward IV., with a gap from 8 to 23 Henry VI. This series is supplemented by ancient transcripts of statutes, John-Henry VIII., several volumes of which are preserved in the Public Record Office. The legislative acts of Henry III. are found in the patent and close rolls and in the chroniclers. From I Richard III. onward the statutes are entered in the rolls of parliament. The old printed collections of statutes begin with Henry III.'s confirmation of the Great Charter, 1225. The principal commentaries are Coke's Second Institute and Barrington's Observations (Nos. 649, 2020). See also John Selden's Opera Omnia, 1726, ii. 969-1030, iii. 6-46, dealing mainly with the older laws to 1215. Reeves, in his English Law (No. 658), gives a useful abstract of the statutes. For the Welsh and Irish laws, see § 36.

Laws of William I. and Charters of Liberties.

See R. L. Poole, The Publication of Great Charters by the English Kings, English Hist. Review, 1913, xxviii. 444–53.

2012. BARRINGTON, B. C. The magna charta and other great charters of England. Philadelphia, 1900.

Of little value. Contains a translation of the charters.

2013. BÉMONT, CHARLES.

1100-1305. Paris, 1892.

Chartes des libertés anglaises,

Contains critical texts of the charters of Henry I., Stephen, Henry II., and John, the articles of the barons, the forest charter, Henry III.'s confirmation of 1225, and Edward I.'s confirmations. The introduction gives a good account of the history of the Great Charter, with the literature of the subject. Valuable.

2014. BLACKSTONE, WILLIAM. The great charter and charter of the forest, to which is prefixed the history of the charters.

Oxford, 1759.

Contains the articles of the barons, the Great Charter, the forest charter, and the various confirmations to the year 1300. The best of the older works on Magna Carta.

2015. LAU, THADDEUS.

Die Entstehungsgeschichte der

Magna Charta. Hamburg, 1857.

2016. LIEBERMANN, FELIX. Eine anglo-normannische Uebersetzung von Articuli Willelmi, etc. Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie, xix. 77-84. Halle, 1895.

This translation, which is here printed in full, was made in 1192 or 1193. -The text of Henry I.'s coronation charter. Royal

2017.

Hist. Soc., Trans., new series, viii. 21-48. London, 1894.

The Latin text in full, with an Anglo-French translation and notes. The text is also printed in his Gesetze (No. 1391), i. 521–3.

2017a. *MCKECHNIE, W. S. Magna carta: a commentary [with text and translation]. Glasgow, 1905; 2nd edition, revised, 1914.

Cf. Edward Jenks, The Myth of Magna Carta, in Independent Review, 1904, iv. 260–73; and C. Petit-Dutaillis, Studies and Notes (No. 643), ch. xii. See also James Tait, Studies in Magna Carta: i. Waynagium and Contenementum, in English Historical Review, 1912, xxvii. 720-28; and cf. a supplementary note by A. F. Pollard, ibid., 1913, xxviii. 117-18.

2018. ROUND, J. H. An unknown charter of liberties. English Hist. Review, viii. 288-94. London, 1893.

Round believes that this document comprises concessions made to the northern barons in 1213. Its enactments closely resemble those of the Great Charter, but it contains two clauses concerning scutage and foreign service which are not found in Magna Carta. G. W. Prothero, ibid., 1894, ix. 117-21, suggests that the document is a proposal for a compromise offered by John to the barons early in 1215. Hubert Hall, ibid., ix. 32635, believes that it is not an original charter, but a forgery or private compilation (circa 1216-17) based on Henry I.'s charter and Magna Carta. H. W. C. Davis, ibid., 1905, xx. 719-26, maintains that it is an informal report of the negotiations that ended in the Great Charter. Petit-Dutaillis (Studies, 120) accepts this view, but believes the writer to have been a French agent, not, as Davis thinks, a partisan of the barons. McKechnie (Magna Carta, 202–5) suggests that the document is a copy of the schedule which the barons sent to the king from Brackley at Easter, 1215 (cf. his 2nd edition, 171-5). Ludwig Riess, in Historische Vierteljahrschrift, 1910, xiii. 449-58, considers it a copy of a memorandum belonging to John, prepared in England in 1214 and sent to the king at Poitou, where it fell into the hands of the French, who sent it to the English barons.

2019. THOMSON, RICHARD. An historical essay on the magna charta of king John. London, 1829.

Contains the text of John's charter, with a translation; also transla tions of the articles of the barons, the forest charter, and the confirmations of Henry III. and Edward I.; with elaborate notes, based largely on Coke's Second Institute. This is one of the 'standard' works on the Great Charter.

Statutes.

For the older editions of the statutes, see the Record Commission's edition (No. 2025), vol. i. introd., ch. i. § 1, and app. A.

2020. [BARRINGTON, DAINES.] Observations upon the statutes from magna charta to 21 James I. London, 1766; 5th edition, 1795.

2021. MAITLAND, F. W. The 'prærogativa regis.' English Hist. Review, vi. 367-72. London, 1891.-Reprinted in his Collected Papers (No. 656a), ii. 182-9. Cambridge, 1911.

This so-called statute, dealing with the rights of the king, seems to be a tract written by some lawyer in the early part of Edward I.'s reign.

2022. MANWOOD, JOHN. A brefe collection of the lawes of the forest, with an abridgement of cases in the assises of the forests of Pickering and Lancaster. [London, 1592.]

See No. 683.

2023. Statute of 40 Edward III. enacted at Kilkenny A.D. 1367, with a translation, ed. James Hardiman. Soc., Tracts relating to Ireland, vol. ii. no. 3.

Irish Archæol. Dublin, 1843.

2024. Statutes at large, passed in the parliaments held in Ireland, 1310-1761. Published by authority. 8 vols. Dublin, 1765.-Another edition [1310-1800, by J. G. Butler], published by authority, 20 vols., Dublin, 1786-1801.-The Irish statutes: revised edition [omitting most of the repealed statutes]. By authority. London, 1885.

Vol. viii. of each of the first two editions is an index. There are not many Irish statutes of the 14th and 15th centuries. An abstract of the statutes will be found in pt. vi. of Liber Munerum Publicorum Hiberniæ, ed. Rowley Lascelles: an incomplete work, planned by the Irish Record Commission, printed 1822–30, and issued from the Rolls House, London, in 2 vols., 1852. There is an index to the Liber Munerum in Deputy Keeper's Reports, Ireland, 1877, ix. 21-58.