Museum has twenty-nine editions, published between 1481 and 1639. See British Museum Catalogue, 1891, pp. 277-82; J. M. Rigg, in Dictionary of National Biography, 1893, xxxiii. 373-6; [K. E. Digby], in Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911, xvi. 793-4. b. SHORT TRACTS. All of these, except Nos. 1880 and 1883, are anonymous. For the Old Natura Brevium, see No. 2043. 1877. Brevia placitata: a thirteenth-century collection of precedents for pleadings in the king's courts, ed. G. J. Turner. University Press, Cambridge. In preparation. Compiled late in the reign of Henry III. Each precedent usually comprises a writ, a count, and a plea. 1878. *Court baron (The), being precedents for use in seignorial and other local courts, together with select pleas from the court of Littleport [and a translation], ed. F. W. Maitland and W. P. Baildon. Selden Soc. London, 1891. La court de baron, 19-67. Compiled late in the 13th century. De placitis et curiis tenendis, 68-78. Perhaps written by John of Oxford, a monk of Luffield, toward the end of Henry III.'s reign or early in Edward I.'s. Modus tenendi curias, 79–92. Compiled about 1307. Modus tenendi curias, 93-106. Professes to relate what happened in certain imaginary courts in 14-16 Edward III.; written about 1342, partly in French and partly in Latin. Pleas at Littleport, 107-47. See No. 2283. Cf. N. J. Hone, A Mannor and Court Baron (No. 547). 1879. Fet assavoir, in Fleta (No. 1872), 446-52. London, 1647. Also printed at the end of the second edition of Fleta, 1685; and by Woodbine (No. 1879a). A very short French tract on procedure, the date and author of which are unknown. Reeves, English Law, ch. xi., seems to ascribe it to the reign of Edward I. 1879a. Four thirteenth-century law tracts, ed. G. E. Woodbine. New Haven, etc., 1910. Fet asaver, 53-115. Judicium essoniorum, 116-42. Modus componendi brevia, 143-62. Exceptiones ad cassandum brevia, 163-83. The editor believes that some of these anonymous tracts may have been written by Hengham (No. 1880). 1880. HENGHAM, Ralph de (d. 1311). Radulphi de Hengham Summæ, Magna Hengham et Parva vulgo nuncupatæ. [Printed with Fortescue's De Laudibus.] London, 1616.— Reprinted [with the De Laudibus], 1660, 1672, 1737, 1741, 1775 Hengham Magna and Hengham Parva are two little treatises on procedure, dealing with essoins, defaults, writs, etc. Hengham, chief justice of the king's bench, was convicted of false judgment in 1289-90; in 1301 he was appointed chief justice of the court of common pleas. See also No. 1879a: 1881. [Novæ narrationes.] Herein is conteined the booke called Novæ narrationes, the booke called Articuli ad Novas narrationes, and the booke of Diversities of courtes. 1561. London, The French tract called Novæ Narrationes deals with the method of pleading, and is usually assigned to the reign of Edward III. It was first printed about 1515. 1882. Olde teners newly corrected. London, 1525.-Two earlier editions, without title-page; other editions, 1528, 1530, 1532, 1538, etc., and in the later editions of Coke upon Littleton (No. 1876). A meagre French tract of uncertain date, ascribed to the reign of Edward III. It is called Old Tenures to distinguish it from Littleton's work on the same subject. 1883. [OXFORD, JOHN OF.] A conveyancer in the thirteenth century. By F. W. Maitland. Law Quarterly Review, vii. 63–69. London, 1891.-Reprinted in Maitland's Collected Papers (No. 656a), ii. 190-201. Cambridge, 1911. Maitland here gives an account of a collection of precedents or forms of conveyancing, written by John of Oxford, a monk of Luffield priory, early in the reign of Edward I. For a paper giving many examples in extenso, see T. F. Kirby, Some Notes on Fourteenth Century Conveyancing, Soc. of Antiq. of London, Archæologia, 1904, lix. 255-80. See No. 1878. § 50. THE EXCHEQUER AND REVENUE. a. Domesday Book and Supplementary Surveys, Nos. 1884-1914a. b. The Dialogus and Exchequer Books, Nos. 1915-18. c. Pipe Rolls, Nos. 1919-29. d. Expenditure and Receipt Rolls, Nos. 1930-35. e. Wardrobe and Household Accounts, etc., Nos. 1936-45. f. Taxation or Subsidy Rolls, Nos. 1946-84. g. Memoranda, Originalia, and Fine Rolls, Nos. 1985-92. There is an account of the chief revenue rolls in F. S. Thomas's Ancient Exchequer (London, 1848), 61-92. See also Joseph Redington's Account of the Miscellaneous Records of the Queen's Remembrancer, Deputy Keeper's Reports, 1879, xl. 467-79; Martin's Index and Palgrave's Kalendars (Nos. 475, 479); and, for modern works on the exchequer and revenue, §§ 18, 66. a. DOMESDAY BOOK AND SUPPLEMENTARY SURVEYS. Domesday Book was compiled in 1086. The material was collected by royal commissioners, probably in the shire courts, from the verdicts of local juries. This information was reduced to writing, and, having been rearranged and digested, was embodied in two volumes usually designated the Exchequer Domesday. The actual survey seems to have been made hundred by hundred, whereas Domesday Book, excepting Essex, Norfolk, and Suffolk, contains only abstracts of the survey rearranged under the names of tenants-in-chief: all the lands of each tenant-in-chief of the crown are given under his name, no matter in what hundred they may be. The first volume, sometimes called Great Domesday, containing 382 folios, includes thirty counties; the second, called Little Domesday, a smaller volume of 450 folios, comprises longer reports of Essex, Norfolk, and Suffolk. Round believes that the Little Domesday was 'a first attempt at the codification of the returns,' and that a new plan of arrangement was adopted for Great Domesday. The counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Durham are not included in the survey, but parts of Cumberland and Westmorland are comprised in Yorkshire. Lancashire and Rutland were not yet shires, but their area is dealt with under Yorkshire, Cheshire, and Northamptonshire. 'Domesday is a geld book, a tax book. Geldability, actual or potential, is its main theme.' The survey was intended primarily to ascertain the assessments for the payment of the king's geld and to prevent the evasion of its payment. Incidentally it furnishes a vast mass of details regarding the classes of society, land tenures, social life, and legal institutions of England, before and after the Norman Conquest. The Exchequer Domesday is supplemented by other records, which may be divided into three groups : 1. The Exon Domesday (a survey of the five south-western shires), the Inquest of Ely, and the Inquest of Cambridgeshire (Nos. 1884, 1893-6, 1909, 1912). These records seem to be fuller copies or digests of the original returns of the royal commissioners from which the Exchequer Domesday was compiled. 2. The geld inquests of Northamptonshire and the five southwestern counties (Nos. 1884, 1891, 1895, 1906, 1909). They record two assessments of Danegeld made between 1066 and 1084. 3. Various local surveys of the twelfth century, notably Liber Winton, Boldon Book (Nos. 1898, 1901), and four surveys which seem to be connected with the assessment of Danegeld in Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, and Worcestershire (Nos. 1903-4, 1907, 1913). Among the older works on Domesday, those deserving particular mention are two brief essays by P. C. Webb, one entitled A Short Account of some Particulars concerning Domesday, 1756, and the other on Danegeld (No. 1590); Robert Kelham's Domesday Book Illustrated, 1788; Ellis's Introduction (No. 1886); J. F. Morgan's England under the Norman Occupation (No. 2821); Freeman's Norman Conquest, vol. v. ch. xxii. and appendix. The scholarly works of Eyton (Nos. 1887, 1897, 1909-10) have added much to our knowledge of the subject; and a still greater advance in the scientific study of the survey has been made in recent years by the researches of Maitland and Round (Nos. 1889, 1891). A brief contemporary account of the survey is printed by W. H. Stevenson in the English Historical Review, 1907, xxii. 72-84; and Vinogradoff's English Society and Stenton's Manorial Structure (Nos. 1240a, 1562) are essentially studies of Domesday. For incomplete bibliographies of the Domesday literature, see Nos. 1885, 1885a. For Domesday boroughs and hundreds, see Nos. 1563, 1571. The extensions and translations of the following portions of Domesday are useful, especially for the identification of place names : Cambridgeshire (extension and Derbyshire, by Llewellynn Jewitt, 1871. Devon, by J. B. Rowe: No. 1895. Essex, by T. C. Chisenhale-Marsh, 1864. Hampshire, by Henry Moody, 1862. Huntingdonshire, 1864 (translation Kent, by L. B. Larking: No. 1902. Middlesex, 1862; by P. Harrison, Northamptonshire, by S. A. Moore, 1863. Suffolk (extension and translation), by John] H[ervey]: No. 1910a. Surrey, 1862. Sussex, by W. D. Parish: No. 1911. Warwickshire, by William Reader, 1835; 2nd ed., by E. P. Shirley, Wiltshire, by W. H. [R.] Jones: Worcestershire [by W. B. Sanders], Yorkshire (translation only), by For the full titles of these works, see the printed catalogue of the library of the British Museum under 'Domesday Book.' The most valuable of them are given below under the names of the counties (Nos. 1892-1914a). A text or a translation, with introduction, map, and index, to the Domesday survey of each county, is appearing in the Victoria History of the Counties of England (No. 839). For the following counties the survey has already been published: Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cumberland, Derby, Devon, Essex, Hampshire, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Norfolk, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Rutland, Shropshire, Somerset, Suffolk, Surrey, Sussex, Warwickshire, Worcestershire, and Yorkshire. The introductions (many of them by J. H. Round) are of more than local interest. General. 1884. *Domesday book seu Liber censualis Wilhelmi Primi regis Angliæ [ed. Abraham Farley]. 2 vols. [London, 1783.] Vols. iii-iv. [ed. Henry Ellis], Record Com., [London], 1816.— Domesday book, photozincographed facsimile. 33 [35] pts. Ordnance Survey Office, Southampton, 1861-64. The best edition is that of 1783-1816. Bedfordshire Vol. i. contains: Oxfordshire Berkshire Buckinghamshire Cambridgeshire Cheshire Cornwall Derbyshire Devon Dorset Gloucestershire Hampshire Herefordshire Hertfordshire Kent Leicestershire Huntingdonshire Lincolnshire Middlesex Northamptonshire Shropshire Somersetshire Staffordshire Surrey Sussex Warwickshire Worcestershire Yorkshire. |