295 CHAPTER II MODERN WRITERS § 40. GENERAL. THE political history of the Anglo-Saxon period is examined by the authors mentioned in § 17a, supplemented by Green, Making of England and Conquest of England (Nos. 1510, 1526). Skene's Celtic Scotland (No. 1269) contains many notices of the history of northern England. Kemble and Palgrave (Nos. 1492, 1497) deal in greatest detail with the constitutional and legal history, but many of their conclusions have been corrected by Stubbs, Schmid, Maitland, and Maurer (Nos. 643, 1392, 1493-4), and by Essays in Anglo-Saxon Law (No. 1491). See also Pollock's paper on English Law before the Norman Conquest, in Law Quarterly Review, 1898, xiv. 291-306 (reprinted as ch. i. of the 2nd edition of Pollock and Maitland's History of English Law). Freeman, Norman Conquest (No. 2812), vol. i. ch. iii., gives a short account of the English constitution in the tenth and eleventh centuries. Liebermann's monograph on the Laws of Edward the Confessor (No. 1405) contains a scholarly survey of institutions in the eleventh century. Brunner and Waitz (Nos. 1326, 1346) deal incidentally with some of the early English institutions. See also Vinogradoff (No. 1240a). 1489a. *CHADWICK, H. M. Studies on Anglo-Saxon institutions. Cambridge, 1905. Deals with the coinage, the administrative system, territorial divisions, the national council, the nobility, royalty, etc. Believes that royalty was not under any ordered control, and reduces the ceorl to a position of great dependence. 1490. DAVOUD-OGHLOU, G. A. Histoire de la législation des anciens Germains. 2 vols. Berlin, 1845. Anglo-Saxons, ii. 271-765. Of little value. 1491. Essays in Anglo-Saxon law. Boston, etc., 1876. Courts of law, by Henry Adams. Valuable. 1491a. HODGKIN, THOMAS. Family law, by Ernest Young. The history of England from the earliest times to the Norman conquest. London, etc., 1906. See No. 632a. 1492. *KEMBLE, J. M. The Saxons in England. 2 vols. London, 1849.-New edition, by W. de Gray Birch, 1876. Deals especially with institutions, Chs. ii.-iii., ix., in vol. i. (the mark, shire, hundred, etc.), and ch. vii. in vol. ii. (the towns), should be used with caution. Kemble was the first to make much use of the Anglo-Saxon charters. 1493. *MAITLAND, F. W. Domesday book and beyond: three essays on the early history of England. Cambridge, 1897 ; reprinted, 1907. I. Domesday Book. II. England before the Conquest. III. The hide. Throws much light on the early history of the manor, on feudalism, classes of society, land tenures, Domesday Book, etc. Advances strong arguments against Seebohm's view (below, § 44). Presents a new theory regarding the origin of boroughs, and holds that the hide usually contained 120 acres. See Tait's review, in English Historical Review, 1897, xii. 768–77, and J. H. Round, ibid., 1900, xv. 293–302; F. Baring, The Hidation of some Southern Counties, ibid., 1899, xiv. 290-99; Corbett, Tribal Hidage (No. 1544). 1494. *MAURER, KONRAD. Angelsächsische Rechtsverhältnisse. Kritische Ueberschau der Deutschen Gesetzgebung, i. 47120, 405–31; ii. 30–68, 388–440; iii. 26–61. Munich, 1853–56. Deals with the family, mark, hundred, tithing, shire, mutual suretyship, land-laws, classes of society, feud, and wergeld. Corrects many of Kemble's errors. 1495. OMAN, CHARLES [W. C.]. England before the Norman conquest. London, [1910]. See No. 634a. 1496. OWEN, T. M. A history of England and Wales, from the Roman to the Norman conquest. 1st and 2nd editions. London, etc., [1882]. A brief account. 1497. *PALGRAVE, FRANCIS. The rise and progress of the English commonwealth: Anglo-Saxon period. 2 pts. London, 1832. Lays stress on the development of legal institutions. Badly arranged and discursive. Palgrave also wrote a popular account of the same subject, entitled History of England, Anglo-Saxon Period (London, 1831; new editions, History of Anglo-Saxons, 1867, 1869, 1876, 1887, etc.); and an essay on the materials of Anglo-Saxon history, in Quarterly Review, 1826, xxxiv. 248-98, 1498. PHILLIPS, GEORGE. Versuch einer Darstellung des angelsächsischen Rechts. Göttingen, 1825. The earliest attempt to deal critically with this subject. The book is now in large part antiquated. 1499. ROBERTSON, E. W. Historical essays. Edinburgh, 1872. The hide, 92-102. The shire, 112-33. The king's kin, 177–89. Dunstan, 189-203. Edgar's coronation, 203–15. 1500. SEARLE, W. G. Anglo-Saxon bishops, kings, and nobles the succession of the bishops and the pedigrees of the kings and nobles. Cambridge, 1899. Valuable. 1501. STEARNS, J. M. The germs and developments of the laws of England. New York, etc., 1889. Consists in large part of a reprint of Thorpe's translation of the AngloSaxon laws (No. 1393), with brief notes; contains also a translation of the laws of Edward the Confessor and of Magna Carta. 1502. TURNER, SHARON. History of the Anglo-Saxons. 4 vols. London, 1799-1805; 7th edition, 3 vols., 1852. Vol. iv. of the 1st edition (vol. iii. of the 7th) deals with manners, institutions, literature, etc. The account of King Alfred in bk, v. is still valuable. 1503. WINKELMANN, EDUARD. Geschichte der Angelsachsen bis zum Tode König Ælfreds. Berlin, 1883. 1504. ZEZAS, S. G. Essai historique sur la législation d'Angleterre jusqu'au xii. siècle. Paris, 1863. A digest of the Anglo-Saxon laws under a few main heads. Of little § 41. FROM THE CONQUEST TO EGBERT'S SUPREMACY. (825) The authority of the old standard works of Guest and Green (Nos. 1263, 1510) has been severely shaken by Stevenson's criticism (No. 1263). Elton, Hodgkin, and Oman (Nos. 1247, 1491a, 1495) deal with the period incidentally. Various recent works V. H. Friedel, L'Arrivée des Saxons en Angleterre, in Beiträge zur Philologie, Festgabe für Wendelin Foerster (Halle, 1902), 280-96; Henry Housman, The Story of Saint Ethelbert of Hereford, King and Martyr, Hereford, [1901]; A. Schiber, Germanische Siedlungen in Lothringen und in England, in Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Lothringische Geschichte, etc. (Metz, 1900), xii. 148-87; T. W. Shore, Origin of the AngloSaxon Race, a Study of the Settlement of England, London, 1906 (settlements of Saxons, Danes, etc., in England); R[udolf] Thurneysen, Wann sind die Germanen nach England Gekommen? in Englische Studien, 1896, xxii. 163-79. 1505. BABCOCK, W. H. The two lost centuries [the fifth and sixth] of Britain. Philadelphia, 1890. 1505a. CHADWICK, H. M. The origin of the English nation. Cambridge, 1907. Excludes the Saxons from a share in the conquest of Britain. 1506. ERDMANN, AXEL.. Ueber die Heimat und den Namen der Angeln. Upsala, 1890. Some scholars believe that the Angles who invaded England came from the region of the middle Elbe and the Saale; but most writers, including Erdmann and Weiland (No. 1519), maintain that they came from Sleswick. N. J. Krom, in his De Populis Germanis Antiquo Tempore Patriam nostram Incolentibus Anglosaxonumque Migrationibus (Leyden dissertation, 1908), holds that they came from the region of the Netherlands. 1507. FREEMAN, E. A. Four Oxford lectures. London, etc., 1888. Teutonic conquest in Gaul and Britain, 61-112. Assails the theories of Celtic and Roman origins of English institutions. 1508. King Ine. Somersetsh. Archæol. and Nat. Hist. Soc., Proceedings, xviii. pt. ii. 1-59, xx. pt. ii. 1-57. Taunton, 1874-75. 1509. GAUPP, E. T. Die germanischen Ansiedlungen. Breslau, 1844. Anglo-Saxons, 538-50. 1510. GREEN, J. R. The making of England [A.D. 449829]. London, 1881; 4th edition, 2 vols., 1897; reprinted, 1900, 1904, 1910. 1511. HAIGH, D. H. The conquest of Britain by the Saxons. London, 1861. 1512. HEINSCH, JOSEPH. Die Reiche der Angelsachsen zur Zeit Karls des Grossen. Breslau, 1875. pp. 105. Deals mainly with Mercia and Northumbria in the 8th century. 1513. HORTON-SMITH, R. J. The cranial characteristics of the south Saxons. Anthropological Institute, Journal, xxvi. 82102. London, 1897. 1514. JELLINGHAUS, HERMANN. Englische und niederdeutsche Ortsnamen. Anglia, xx. 257-334. Halle, 1898. Tries to show that the Angles who invaded England came mainly from the upper Weser. 1515. LA BORDERIE, ARTHUR de. Les Bretons insulaires et les Anglo-Saxons du ve au viie siècle. Paris, 1873. Deals with the migration of Celts of Britain to Armorica during the period of the Germanic conquest of Britain. See also W. Edwards, The Settlement of Brittany, Soc. of Cymmrodorion, Y Cymmrodor, 1892, xi. 61-101; Joseph Loth, L'Emigration Bretonne en Armorique, Paris, 1883; Bède Plaine, La Colonisation de l'Armorique par les Bretons Insulaires, Paris, 1899. 1516. POSTE, BEALE. Britannia antiqua. London, 1857. Chs. i.-ii. Asser, Gildas, Nennius. Chs. iii.-iv. British history in the 6th century. Chs. x.-xii. Roman Britain. Zur Geschichte der Eroberung 1517. SCHAUMANN, A. F. H. Englands durch germanische Stämme. Göttingen, 1845. pp. 49. Contends that Saxons from the Litus Saxonicum in Gaul took a prominent part in the conquest of Britain. |