RULE 76. Time of Display of Lights: The lights prescribed by the preceding Rules shall be displayed between sunset and sunrise, and during such time no other lights which may be mistaken for those prescribed shall be exhibited.

RULE 77. Definition of "Visible": The word "visible" in these Rules, when applied to lights, shall mean visible on a dark night with clear atmosphere.

RULE 78. Night and Day Signals of Distress: When a vessel is in distress and requires assistance, the following signals may be used, either together or separately: Flames, as from a burning tar barrel, oil barrel, etc.; a continuous sounding with whistle or fog horn; repeated firing of a gun; rockets or shells showing stars, fired one at a time at short intervals. In connection with these, a vessel may use the international code distress signals.

RULE 79. Signal to Attract Attention: Any vessel may, if necessary in order to attract attention, use a flare-up light, or any detonating signal that can not be mistaken for a distress signal.

RULE 80. Sounding Signal Devices: Self-propelled and sailing vessels navigating the waters of the Canal Zone shall be provided with efficient signal devices as follows: (a) Self-propelled vessels over 65 feet in length, a whistle or siren, sounded by steam or some substitute for steam, so placed that the sound cannot be intercepted by any obstruction; (b) self-propelled vessels under 65 feet in length a whistle or other mechanical sound-producing device, capable of making a blast of at least two seconds' duration: (c) sailing vessels over 30 feet in length, a fog horn. Vessels of these classes shall each be equipped also with an efficient fog bell.

RULE 81. Short and Prolonged Blasts: A short blast of the whistle shall mean a blast of about one second's duration, and a prolonged blast of the whistle shall mean a blast of from four to six seconds' duration.

RULE 82. Whistle Signals: The following whistle signals shall be used by vessels navigating the waters of the Canal Zone:

(a) One short blast to signify intention of or assent to the vessel first giving the signal to direct its course to its own starboard, except when two vessels are approaching each other at right angles or obliquely, when it signifies the intention of the vessel which is to the starboard of the other to hold course and speed.

(b) Two short blasts of the whistle to signify intention of or assent to the first vessel giving the signal to direct its course to its own port, except when two vessels are approaching each other at right angles or

MR 21111-3

obliquely, when the signal signifies desire of or assent to vessel which is to the port of the other to cross the bow of the vessel to the starboard. (c) Three short blasts of the whistle to signify "My engines are going full speed astern."

(d) Four or more short and rapid blasts of the whistle to signify a failure to understand the signal of the other vessel, or that the vessel giving this signal deems it injudicious to comply with the whistle signal which it has received. This is the danger signal.

(e) When vessels are going in opposite directions and the danger signal is given, the engines of both vessels shall be stopped and the vessels backed until headway has been checked; and neither vessel shall again start ahead until the proper passing signals have been given, answered and understood.

(f) When vessels are going in the same direction and the danger signal is given by the forward vessel, the vessel astern shall not attempt to pass; but when the vessel ahead thinks the passing can safely be effected, it will signify its willingness by blowing the proper signal, in which case the overtaking vessel shall reply, and it may then proceed to pass the forward vessel.

(g) It is forbidden to use what is technically known as "cross signals," that is, answering one whistle with two, or two whistles with

one.

RULE 83. The whistle signals provided for by the preceding Rule for vessels meeting or overtaking are never to be used except when vessels are in sight of each other and the course and position of each can be determined by sight in the day time, or by its signal lights at night. The signal given at bends in the Cut, as prescribed by Rule 56, shall not be construed as a passing signal. In fog, mist, or heavy rain storms, when vessels can not see each other, fog signals only shall be given.

RULE 84. When a self-propelled vessel is moving out from its dock or berth and other vessels are liable to pass from any direction toward it, such vessel shall sound a prolonged blast, but immediately after clearing its berth so as to be fully in sight, the vessel shall be governed by the usual steering and sailing rules.

RULE 85. Fog Sound Signals: A vessel under way in thick or foggy weather, or rain so dense as to obscure the vision, shall make fog sound signals as follows: (a) A self-propelled vessel under way, except when towing another vessel or being towed, shall sound, at intervals of not more than one minute, on whistle, siren, or other mechanical soundproducing device, a prolonged blast; (b) a self-propelled vessel towing another vessel shall sound, at intervals of not more than one minute,

on whistle, siren, or other mechanical sound-producing device, three blasts in succession, viz., one prolonged blast, followed by two short blasts; (c) a sailing vessel shall sound, at intervals of not more than one minute, by whistle or other sound-producing device, when on the starboard tack, one blast; when on the port tack, two blasts in succession; and when the wind is abaft the beam, three blasts in succession.

RULE 86. A vessel anchored or moored during thick or foggy weather, or rain so dense as to obscure the vision, shall, at intervals of not more than one minute, ring the ship's bell rapidly for about five seconds.

RULE 87. Unnecessary Whistling: Unnecessary sounding of steam whistle or siren is hereby prohibited within the waters of the Canal Zone.

RULE 88. Masters to Take Precautions: Nothing in these regulations shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, agent, master, officer or crew thereof, from all the consequences of a neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen or by the special circumstances of the case; and in obeying and construing these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision, and to any special circumstance which may render a departure from the above Rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger.

REGULATION 88.1. The preceding Rules and Regulations are in accordance with the International Rules of the Road; and when any conditions of navigation arise that are not covered herein, the International Rules of the Road shall apply.

REGULATIONS FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS CARGOES IN CANAL ZONE WATERS

Explosives

REGULATION 88.A-1: In addition to complying with Regulation 171.1, vessels carrying explosives, except ships of war, shall furnish a statement of the amounts and character of the explosives carried.

(Regulations 88.A-1 to 88.C-5 were added by Governor's Regulation July 15 1938. See, also, note following Regulation 88.A-11. The reference in this regulation to Regulation 171.1 should in fact be to Regulation 173.1.)

REGULATION 88.A-2: Upon the arrival of a vessel carrying explosive cargo at a port of the Panama Canal, the Master shall deliver to the Inspecting Officer, a loading certificate issued by a Surveyor or Inspector of a recognized authority such as the Board of Underwriters of New York, British Board of Trade, Port Authority Official or Navigation Inspector, stating where and how the explosives are stowed and

the manner of packing. When no loading certificate is available, the Master upon arrival, must submit to the Inspecting Officer a declaration as follows:

Declaration of Explosive Cargo Carried

Master of the

I, the undersigned carrying explosives as classified by the Interstate Commerce Commission of the United States, or by any other recognized government agency, do hereby declare and certify on behalf of the owners of the vessel, as follows:

The explosives were loaded at

in accordance with 2.

The explosives are in 3.

Explosives are separated from inflammables by

-

packed and stowed

The packing and stowing has not been disturbed since leaving the port of

Master's signature

Date

1 Name of port of loading.

2 Regulations of Board of New York Underwriters, British Board of Trade, Port Authority, as the case may be, as indicated on the containers.

State number of hold, special magazine, etc. (which must be within reach of ship's fire hose) including amount of each kind of explosive.

4 Boiler room, engine room, etc., within reach of ship's fire hose. If no inflammables are carried, so state.

(See note following Regulation 88.A-1.)

REGULATION 88.A-3: The definition and classification of explosives and other hazardous cargoes shall be in accordance with the regulations established by the United States Interstate Commerce Commission or by any other recognized governmental agency, provided that decisions in case of doubt as to the explosive nature of any commodity, as well as to its classification, shall be made by the Governor or through an authority designated by him.

(See note following Regulation 88.A-1.)

REGULATION 88.A-4: Packing and stowing of explosives and other hazardous cargoes must be in accordance with the rules in force at the port of loading. When no such rules exist at the port of loading, the regulations of the Board of Underwriters of New York, or of the British Board of Trade shall apply.

(See note following Regulation 88.A-1.)

REGULATION 88.A-5: The following areas for ships loaded with explosives or with highly volatile products are designated:

ATLANTIC END: Area included in rectangle one thousand yards wide immediately south of West Breakwater, starting at a point on

West Breakwater one thousand yards from West Breakwater Light and thence extending westward two thousand yards along breakwater. PACIFIC END: Area south of Naos Island bounded on the east by a line drawn south (true) from entrance gas buoy No. 1; on the south by a line drawn east (true) from Tortolita Island, and on the north and west by the curve of thirty-foot depth.

(See note following Regulation 88.A-1.)

REGULATION 88.A-6: Vessels carrying explosive cargoes shall anchor in the explosive anchorage area, as described in Regulation 88.A-5, on arrival at the Canal Zone, and there await instructions. Such vessels will be allowed alongside wharves of the Canal Zone only as prescribed in Regulations 88.A-7 and 88.A-8, and each case will be handled individually by the Port Captain concerned.

(See note following Regulation 88.A-1.)

REGULATION 88.A-7: Vessels with explosives aboard forming part of the cargo will be allowed alongside the terminal piers only when such explosives are stowed properly in spaces which need not be opened during the vessel's stay at the dock. Should there be cargo for discharge at the Canal Zone in the same space with explosives, the explosives must be removed before the vessel will be allowed alongside the terminal piers.

(See note following Regulation 88.A-1.)

REGULATION 88.A-8: The explosive dock at Mindi is designated for discharging explosives. Explosive cargoes consigned to The Panama Canal, or to military or naval units in the Canal Zone, or to private consignees, will be discharged at the explosive dock at Mindi or in explosive anchorages prescribed in Regulation 88.A-5, except that ships may discharge explosive cargoes at Coco Solo if approval of such discharge is given by the Commandant of the 15th Naval District; and, except that the Governor will consider applications to discharge explosives at Panama Canal docks in an emergency or when the character or packing of the explosives justifies.

(See note following Regulation 88.A-1.)

REGULATION 88.A-9: Shipments of ammunition for small arms (in cartridge or shell fully assembled) not exceeding in the aggregate ten (10) tons weight or measurement and pyrotechnic supplies not exceeding in the aggregate one (1) ton weight or measurement, may landed at either the Cristobal or Balboa terminal docks upon observance of special precautions to insure safe landing.

(See note following Regulation 88.A-1.)

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