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(a) Letters: The postage rate on letters to the United States and possessions, the Canal Zone, Panama, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Salvador, Dominican Republic, Spain and its colonies, and Uruguay is 3 cents an ounce or fraction thereof. To all other countries the rate is 5 cents for the first ounce and 3 cents for each additional ounce or fraction.

(b) Post Cards, Postal Cards, Private Mailing Cards: The rate of postage is 2 cents to the countries listed above and 3 cents to all other countries, except that the rate to the United States and its possessions, including the Canal Zone, is one cent each.

(c) Air Mail: The rate on air mail to the United States and possessions, and to Canada, is 5 cents for each ounce or fraction thereof. To Europe the rate is 20 cents for each half ounce or fraction thereof, and to other trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific countries the rate is 30 cents for each half ounce or fraction thereof.

(d) Commercial and Ships Papers: The rate of postage on ship's papers (bills of lading, invoices, etc.) when addressed for delivery in the United States or possessions, the Canal Zone and Panama, is the rate provided for first class mail, i. e., 3 cents for each ounce or fraction thereof. To foreign countries the rate is one cent for each 2 ounces or fraction, up to a weight limit of 4 pounds, 6 ounces, with a minimum charge of 5 cents for each article.

45. Registered and Insured Mail: Registered and insured mail should be addressed to the vessel in care of the agent or representative thereof. Articles so addressed will be delivered to the agent or representative for delivery to the vessel upon arrival. Articles not addressed in care of the agent or representative will be held at the postoffice to be called for by the addressee.

46. Correspondence: For general information concerning the Panama Canal, time can be saved by addressing the Chief of Office, The Panama Canal, Washington 25, D. C., telegraphic address Pancanal, Washington. Correspondence concerning the marine operation of the Canal, individual ships, or suggestions as to improvements in service and all such matters should be addressed to the Marine Superin tendent, The Panama Canal, Balboa Heights, C. Z. Correspondence regarding the Canal Zone postal service or inquiries concerning mail matter should be addressed to the Director of Posts, Balboa Heights, C. Z.

47. Canal Publications: The following publications are furnished free of charge to all shipping interests, and they should have at hand the current edition of each:

Rules and Regulations Governing Navigation of the Panama Canal and Adjacent Waters.

The Panama Canal Tariff.

Rules for the Measurement of Vessels for the Panama Canal.
Condensed Information Pamphlet of The Panama Canal.

Rules for Docking Vessels in Dry Docks Belonging to The Panama Canal.

48. Distribution of Information: All information of interest to shipping is distributed promptly and each vessel visiting the Canal is furnished a copy of the "Rules and Regulations Governing Navigation of the Panama Canal and Adjacent Waters," for which the master is required to give a written receipt or sign a statement that he has a copy on board.

49. The other publications listed above are also furnished incoming vessels.

5. GENERAL

50. Port Captains: Shipmasters can place themselves in direct touch with any Canal utility, in whatever connection, most conveniently and promptly through Port Captains.

51. Handling Traffic: Every effort is made by The Panama Canal to expedite traffic and to fill promptly the needs of shipping. Delays in getting in touch with local facilities on arrival and in the necessary settlement of accounts prior to departure are reduced to a minimum, but in this connection the active and intelligent cooperation of shipmasters and local agents, as well as owners and operators, is most essential and is earnestly solicited.

52. Cooperation of Masters, etc.: Masters can best assist by thoroughly familiarizing themselves with the Canal rules and regulations and carrying them out, particularly as to the following:

(a) By complying with Regulation 173.1.

(b) Assisting the boarding party in quickly carrying out their duties.

(c) Advising the pilot accurately as to the maneuvering qualities and peculiarities of the ship and of any defects. (d) Having ship properly trimmed.

(e) Arriving, if possible, off the entrance in the early morning or forenoon.

53. Agents can materially assist by keeping the Port Captain informed of the prospective arrival and requirements of their vessels, and by keeping ships and their principals fully informed on all matters pertaining to the Canal.

54. The cooperation of ship owners and operators is valuable in the above particular, both to themselves and to the Canal, and in this connection their attention should be directed particularly to the load. and trim of their ships, the efficient condition of their motive machinery, steering gear, navigating and piloting appurtenances, ground tackle, mooring lines, bitts and chocks; and the efficiency of the personnel.

55. Interference With Navigation Signals: By the law of the Canal Zone it is unlawful to mask, alter or remove any light or signal, or wilfully exhibit any light or signal with intent to bring any vessel into danger; and such offense is punishable by imprisonment in the penitentiary for not more than twenty years.

56. Manifests: The ports of Balboa and Cristobal are entirely under the jurisdiction of the United States Government, and no vessels discharging cargo at these ports, even when a part of the cargo is consigned to the Republic of Panama, need produce a "sobordo" or manifest certified by the Panamanian Consul at the port of shipment.

57. The United States laws regarding traffic in opium, cocaine, and derivatives thereof are applicable to the Canal Zone. Smoking opium or opium prepared for smoking is not only forbidden entry into the Canal Zone, but can not even be carried as part of the cargo of a vessel touching at Canal Zone ports or transiting the Canal. The provisions of the Narcotic Drugs Import & Export Act, as amended May 26, 1922, are effective in the Canal Zone.

58. Alcoholic Beverages: The Executive Order of March 25, 1935, prescribes regulations governing the sale, manufacture, and importation of alcoholic beverages in the Canal Zone. As used in the regulations, the term “Alcoholic beverage” is defined to mean any beverage containing more than 3.2 percentum of alcohol by weight. The regulations do not prohibit the possession and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the Canal Zone. Importations of alcoholic beverages into the Canal Zone are not permitted while the regulations remain in effect but it is provided that nothing in the regulations shall be construed to restrict importations into the Canal Zone of alcoholic beverages from the Republic of Panama. The entry of alcoholic beverages arriving at Canal Zone ports for ultimate delivery to points beyond the Canal Zone is permitted. Transient vessels in Canal waters are permitted to make sales of alcoholic beverages to their passengers only; other sales by such vessels are prohibited. Violations of the regulations relating to alcoholic beverages are punish

able by a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment in jail for not more than six months, or by both.

(As amended by Governor's Regulations June 10, 1935.)

59. Quarantine Advice: On request, quarantine officers will gladly give advice regarding the sanitation of vessels and the safeguarding of the health of passengers and crews.

60. Information and supplies of Panama Canal printed forms can readily be obtained from the Canal, or from the Chief of Office, The Panama Canal, Washington, D. C.

6. CHOCKS AND BITTS

(See Regulations 41.2 and 41.3)

61. It is essential for ships to be equipped with chocks in the positions shown in the figures below, as may be seen very readily from the explanations which follow:

Figure 1, on page 112, shows a ship 600 feet long, with 8 locomotives in positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 on coping of lock. Locomotives 1 and 2 are used for towing and braking and to keep the bow in the center of the lock chamber. They are shown in braking positions by dotted lines. Locomotives 7 and 8 are used for braking and to keep the stern in the center and do little or no towing. The amidship locomotives, Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 6 are used for both towing and braking, and are shown in towing, braking, and holding positions. All locomotives are used to hold the ship steady in the center of the chamber while spilling or filling the chamber, shifting positions as may be required.

The required positions of the chocks on the ship are shown at A, C, D, and E.

Figure 2, on page 113, shows a ship 400 feet long in the lock chamber, with the necessary locomotives on lock walls in positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Locomotives 1 and 2 are used for towing and to keep the bow in the center of the chamber. Locomotives Nos. 5 and 6 are used for braking and to keep the stern in the center of the chamber. They do little towing but occasionally take position abeam to hold. Locomotives Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 are used for towing, braking, or holding, as conditions require.

The required positions of the chocks on the ship are shown at A, C, and E.

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