American Medical Association, April, 1967. Six months later Los Angeles decided to purchase the now competitively obsolete Queen Mary for a convention facility.

Such mammoth ships are not only the competent products of, comprehensively anticipatory, design science but are also the prime demonstration of the effectiveness of the general systems theory. General systems theory originated in the design and operation of world encompassing and commanding fleets of navy and merchant ships. For a few centuries the general system theory commanded and operated the world but only as anarchistic exploitation systems whose immediate and directly perceived profits went exclusively to the benefit of less than 1% of humanity.

I found in 1927 that one of the New York hotels happened to have the same number of passengers or occupants and the same amount of private and public space as the Cunard Line steamship, the Mauretania. I made a critical general systems theory analysis of their relative performance characteristics which were as follows: the hotel was able to get its supplies of food, linen, power, heat, and light daily for the local suppliers situated in the city outside the hotel-and therefore did not have to include these capabilities within their structural design, while on the other hand the Mauretania did have to store on board a 30-day supply, had to generate its own power and light, and had to structurally support and float the weight of the engines and fuel to drive it through the sea at 30 knots. I found that if I turned the hotel over on its side in a horizontal position like the Mauretania, just one of the little waves that the Mauretania had to hanIdle would break the hotel into pieces. Yet the hotel weighed 18 times as much per usable cubit foot than the ship. This was fairly typical of the difference between the fundamental technologies of the sea and the superficial and inefficient building contrivances of the land.

On land, men have thought in terms of fortresses and guarding their positions and of hoarding their supplies so the heavier and more durable the building, the more secure they feel. They thought of buildings as permanent while ships were designed for relatively short service.

The ship has first of all to float. Each more useful ship has to do more with less, have greater and greater strength, and be able to continually increase power without increasing its weight. The competition advantage goes always to the latest ship to do even more with less. Therefore, the design evolution is in constant acceleration on the sea and in the air but not on the dry land building.

The foregoing explains why it is possible for a whole organic city to be floated. It is also evident that in an organic floating city-which unlike the Queen Mary need not cross the ocean at 30 knots--but can remain anchored at a desirable location--the amount of weight which must be invested per each organic function can be decreased greatly.

We are actually undertaking this in Japan. Since this lecture was given the Japanese patrons have changed their plans and are now going in for a high tower community on the land. Fortunately, the idea of the floating city has been espoused by others and the project is going forward but in other waters than those of Japan.

The Japanese as island people think in terms of the sea so we are planning our first city to float on the ocean. Its floating hollow reenforced triangularly shaped concrete base will reach 100 feet below the water surface. This is well below the ocean turbulence depths. This means that the floating city will not rise and lower with the waves but will hold its "altitude" as does an island or iceberg. The waves will "break” against the floating base as they do on any breakwater. Inside the deep floating triangular base a vast lagoon will act as a large seagoingship's harbor.

Ships that must be driven economically and swiftly through the seas must be long and sleek and therefore are subject to "beam" and "cantilever" stresses as they first span between waves and a moment later mount one big wave at their mid-length, their ends being partially out of the water. Such stress alternations twist and rack the ships. However bell buoys which remain anchored have no such asymmetric conformation and float integrally with but little redundant stressing even in great storms. The triangular base conformation of our organic floating city is similar to the bell buoy and

will not permit any redundant stressingand will therefore have maximum structural stability with minimum effort and therefore greatest economy.

The organic, floating city starts off with its prime power and water requirements at hand for it can combine atomic power reactor cooling and desalinization of the sea around it-by use of the by-product heat. Therefore, as practical experiment has now shown both water and electricity can be produced at lower costs than in any other known way for producing either independently of one another. The Japanese are not even mildly adverse to using dry packaging toilets instead of liquid "splash-back" toilets, which continually later pollute the conveying waters as the latter are shunted through the plumbing systems, enroute their passage from the sky as rain down the mountain sides, toward and into the sea system. Inasmuch as it is economical and desirable to have the food supplies inbound to our digestive system plastic packed, it becomes equally economical and desirable for the outgoing products to be electronically sealed in plastic packages for dry conveyance to chemical resource collection points, subsequently to chemical processing works, and finally to valuable by-products distribution

uses.

I would like to point out here that, in relation to all our pollution problems of the air or water, very valuable chemical products are continually lost. For example, the stack fumes of one nonferrous metals refinery disgourges somewhere around $500 worth of chemical substances a day, but the cost of the precipitation would be about $500 so the company does not attempt to recover it for the cost of the installation could not be amortized. If air pollution control were really enforced, a lot of very valuable products could be salvaged at a real profit if we consider the far more gargantuan costs of society's ultimately coping with the physical ills resulting directly, and much later indirectly, from the fume-polluted atmosphere.

I mention this because, as you doctors begin to study environmental health problems in depth, if you apply general systems analysis as the computers will now permit you to do you will begin to know the overall profit and loss to society of doing or not

doing thus and so. You also will inevitably encounter much inertia and shortsighted thinking which can be overcome only by education regarding the overall costs or profits to all human society-all of which must be inexorably paid for by some large numbers of humans sometime and somewhere about our Spaceship Earth's surface. It is therefore extremely important for you to be able to point out the ways in which atmospheric control will pay off magnificently and that you can now do with the computer's aid.

Dr. Benjamin Bloom, an educator in Chicago, author of the book Stability and Change in Human Characteristics, sets forth the results of his investigations of the critical effects of environment on the brains and minds of the young. These results were arrived at by a significant number of pericdic tests under controlled conditions. Combining Bloom's observations and those of geneticists, neurologists, and the electromagnetic probers of the brain, we discern that the various apprehending and coordinating capabilities of the brain as scheduled and actuated in the children by the unique chromosome "tickertapes" of each individual- -are measurably affected by the environment of the individual. As far as we know by any experiments neither the environment nor anything else can produce a better intellect and brain than that with which we are born-but an unfavorable environment can very greatly impair the functioning of the innate faculties.

I have found that the ability of man to use his highest faculties to cope with his environment is more favorably affected by c'esign science reformation of the inanimate environment than by direct legalistic, punitive, physiological, or psychological attempts to reform human beings. I am convinced that 90% of humanity's problems can be solved only by comprehensively anticipatory design science reformations of the environment. I have made many experiments with measurably improved environmental controls in over 5,000 structures in more than 50 countries. Concurrently, over a period of 50 years I have continually undertaken to solve those design problems by use of the most advanced technologies for doing ever more with ever less fundamental resource investment per each unit of functional per

formance. It has, thus, been experimentally evidenced that by such ever more economical and more effective environment reforming means we have the greatest hope of achieving both physiological and economic prosperity for all humanity. Furthermore, this environmental reformation strategy now seems to be both scientifically feasible as well as economically desirable.

In substantiation of that statement I find that my geodesic prime environment valving controls (this is my scientific identification of structural "dwelling machines," ie, geodesic buildings) are running only about 3% of the weight per enclosed cubic foot of the best known alternative engineering strategies for coping with the same given magnitude of the omni-hazard events of nature. Furthermore, my geodesic structures can be put in place and in operation in fractions of the time for alternative structural strategies and unlike any other previous buildings are both 100% demountable as well as economically deliverable around the world by air transport.

The US building for Expo 67 was a very large energetic environment-controlling device. I am its architect. I can tell you, therefore, that it was not put up there to be pretty or novel but simply to be the most economical tool for coping to advantage with all weather, and earthquake events. It is an effective energetic valve. It lets in what humanity needs and wants, when they most need and want those services in the most acceptable, useful, and necessary quantities, for instance, of light, air, and other chemical conditions of the atmosphere, sound, and olfactoral conditions, and as tuned most compatibly with man's complex variety of frequencies and chemical energy increments.

Our Expo 67 geodesic environment valve is 20 stories high and 250 feet in diameter. Istambul's Santa Sophia Mosque or the enclosed volumes of any one of the great cathedrals of the world could be put inside it, for instance, Seville Cathedral in Spain, St. Peter's in Rome, or Notre Dame in Paris. The total US geodesic pavilion building weighs only 800 tons. This is approximately the weight of just one of the many internal stone columns in Seville Cathedral-the second largest such edifice in the world.

I find that I have improved thirtyfold the

environment valving capabilities of humanity as measured in terms of units of weight of structure per given performance schedule capabilities of that structure. Therefore the aerospace type of building technology which I employed in the Expo geodesic holds real promise to humanity of doing so much more with so much less in all branches of technology as to attain total success for all of Earth's inhabitants. The young world, seeing it, will feel encouraged. This is the first time at a world's fair that we have had a building designed specifically for its scientifically demonstrable high performance per units cf invested weight, time, and energy. It is the first time in history that architecture has been presented exclusively in terms of efficiency of weight, energy, and time units of resource investment. The aesthetics of such an undertaking take care of themselves. Not an ounce of weight goes into the design, building, and outfitting of an America's Cup defender. That boat's beauty, as with a snowflake or a human being, is inherent in the exquisite economy of an exactly adequate performance capability.

Inasmuch as humanity on the land has not been thinking of what buildings weigh, it certainly has not been operating its construction industry on a performance per pound basis. Architecture has been superimposing millions of tons of superficial appeals to aesthetic applause to that already overbuilt land structuring.

Between 1900 and 1967 world society has inadvertently and all unpredictedly gone from taking care of less than 1% of humanity to taking care of 40% of humanity at a higher standard of living than that known or dreamed of by any king before the 20th century. During the same period the metal resources of the earth, both mined and unmined, have continually decreased per each world human. Therefore the sudden advancement of 40% of humanity's living standards to an unprecedented and previously undreamed of degree has not resulted from finding more resources, but, paradoxically, from the development of weaponry where the inherent design requirements of the waterborne and the airborne and the space-borne weapon carriers as the evolutionary products of the great international armaments race-have continually been accomplished by

doing more with less. It is the unexpected fallout of that more-with-less technology into the domestic economy which alone has brought about the politically and commercially unpredicted improvement of the living standards for an ever increasing proportion of all humanity. This standard of living augmentation for ever larger numbers occurs every time an armaments producing contractor is displaced by a producer of newer and more efficient weapons technology. The displaced contractor then looks around in the domestic market for an outlet for this technologically high productive capability. Thus, for instance, refrigeration which developed in the ships of the navy 30 years earlier was brought ashore to land-based homes. This fallout is specifically responsible for all the great advances in our home technology.

The time has come when you, as medical men for all the people on the land must realize that what we are all faced with is the necessity for a revolution in our education which in turn will result swiftly in an around-the-world design revolution which will progressively rework our environment to favor humanity's innate potentials.

You are faced with the challenge of helping society to know what its problems are. You are going to be implemented by new educational technology which will make it possible to do much more accurate informing with so much less that your admonitions can be heeded. We have the technical wealth capabilities to carry out your suggestions so do not be inhibited or deterred from forthright suggestion as to what we now should do if we wish humanity to succeed as Spaceship Earth's passengers. Science now says for the first time in history that Malthus is wrong. It is not normal for the majority of humanity to be, both or either, physical or economic failures. Science now realizes that it is normal for all of humanity to be a success. Failure is abnormal. That abnormality is wrought by the unnecessarily hostile conditions of the everyday environment on the majority of humanity.

But all the great ideologies of all the powerful nations are predicated upon Malthus and his assumptions that there is not enough to sustain both you and me. He assumed, erroneously, that eventually one of us must perish far short of our potential lifespan

wherefore it seems popularly expedient for large sovereign country groups to implement themselves with big guns in preference to individuals seeking to survive independently with their separate little guns. Because of the foregoing all the ideologies on earth mistakenly assume and give highest wealth investment priority toward preparing for an inexorable Armageddon.

Because each department head of every industry in both the socialistic and private enterprise economies must make a "profit" of one kind or another, "this year" industry and commerce are inherently shortsighted. The politician's vision also cannot look beyond the next election. The only long distance-sighted activity of humanity is that which is focused upon Armageddon. Your own medical science has been underwritten first to ward off eventual death. It is toward this assumed eventuality that science has been almost exclusively fostered. Science has never had a mandate to make all of humanity a living success. This is because neither the great dictatorships nor the democratic electorate knew that comprehensive success was feasible. Science now says, however, that physical and economic success for all is feasible but that it cannot be accomplished with continuation of the political sovereignties which inherently frustrate the industrially essential integration of all the world's resources. Only a politically transcendental design science revolution can provide enough for all. The world's resources as now designedly employed can take care of only 44% of humanity. No strictly political act or revolution can per se correct that condition. And that condition attended to only by political leaderships means inevitable war.

Keep all the world's political systems in force and all the world's politicians and political workers at work, and at the same time take all the machinery of industrialization, all the tracks, pipes, and wires and dump them in the oceans away from all the countries of the earth, and within six months 2,000,000,000 people-half of humanity-will die of starvation. Lacking the industrial tooling no political system could alter that result. Contrariwise, leave all the machinery, wires, pipes, and tracks in place and all the humans, who now operate them,

at their daily tasks, but take away all the world's politicians of any and all ideologies and send them and their party workers on a trip around the sun by a slow speed rocket ship and all those who are now eating will go on eating and with all the sovereign nation's barriers unmanned the foods will begin to cross the borders and the resources will be integrated and soon all of humanity will be eating and prospering.

Quite clearly world literacy of all the world's people regarding what the survival problems are must be placed on highest priority of educational undertaking if we are to avoid blowing outselves up or so polluting our biosphere that the energetic regeneration of life on Spaceship Earth will soon become impossible.

As the body of professionals having the highest initiative potential your challenge is clear. Is it to be an environment of life or

death? Is our Spaceship Earth's biosphere to be an omnihumanity-sustaining environment or an omnilethal one?

This is the imperative challenge to all of humanity's intellectual integrity.

It is not your challenge exclusively, but your potential contribution is of the magnitude of the highest order.

Will we muster our self-disciplining capabilities to transcend our ill-conditioned reflexes? Having done so will we go on to cooperate with our fellow men in the realization of our mutually successful potential?

If the design revolution is initiated by a few capable humans just as Marconi, Edison, and the Wright brothers altered man's environmental advantage to a marked degree then the inevitable emergencies ahead for humanity may bring the new tools into use which in turn will bring about the physiIcal welfare of all.