have somewhere between 300 to 500 relay nodes to assure an austere communications backbone even after a nuclear laydown. The fact that this system will maintain communications connectivity even after a nuclear attack will discourage attacks on terrestrial communications links.

III. CONCLUSION

A comprehensive and integrated strategic C3 program is an absolute necessity to implement any plan for revitalizing our strategic deterrent regardless of the composition and quality of our strategic forces.

We must be able to accurately sense and estimate the specific objectives of an attack; communicate with our forces prior to, during, and after an attack; and retain the ability to direct our strategic forces in a counter-thrust, the strength of which will be so unacceptably high to the Soviets, they will be deterred from ever initiating an attack.

Our program takes a major step toward providing such a credible strategic posture. We will support this step with a technology R&D base for continued mprovement and as a basis for determining what additional steps may be needed. Particular emphasis will be placed on assuming means for reconstituon and recovery after an attack.

୯

Mr. Chairman, this concludes my remarks. I urge your support of the strategic program, and will be happy to answer any questions you or the committee might have.

Mr. LATHAM. I would like to turn the microphone over to General Randolph to summarize his area.

STATEMENT OF MAJ. GEN. BERNARD P. RANDOLPH, U.S. AIR FORCE, DIRECTOR, SPACE SYSTEMS AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF, RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND ACQUISITION, HEADQUARTERS USAF

General RANDOLPH. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

I have a formal statement to enter into the record. With your permission, I would like to summarize that in unclassified fashion. In presenting my summary I would like to point out some of the things we have accomplished with the support of this committee in the past years and also the kinds of things we expect to do in fiscal 1984. I would like to point out the fact that last October we successfully launched a mission that was a number of firsts, the first Titan 34D, the first inertial upper stage [IUS], and first DSCS III spacecraft all in one mission. It was a success.

That DSCS III program had early program growth. I am pleased to report that has been brought under control. The first DSCS III satellite is performing above our expectations. We have signed fixedprice contracts for the first four production spacecraft at slightly less than we previously advised the Congress.

In addition, we propose in fiscal year 1984 to go ahead with longead parts for four additional spacecraft.

With regard to SACDIN, we have successfully completed the hardare validation phase and begun field testing with installations at Offutt Air Force Base in Omaha and Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.

SACDIN provides reliable and secure data communications and record data systems as required to support the needs of the NCA and CINCSAC. We will complete the test program and go into production

in fiscal year 1984.

We began moving out smartly on the new communications satellite MILSTAR with release of the full-scale engineering development request for proposals. You will recall MILSTAR is designed to be highly survivable for all levels of conflict and is the centerpiece of the President's strategic C3 modernization program.

By the way, we just selected Lockheed as the prime contractor to develop the space segment and expect to award a contract this spring and complete specific design work in 1984.

We let a contract for the over the horizon backscatter [OTH-B] radar system in Maine to improve that to a fully operational configuration and to ultimately deploy it on the east coast of the United States and, of course, we plan an installation on the west coast.

In fiscal 1984 we will complete the first 60 degree sector which is in Maine and begin work on the two other 60 degree sectors to complete east coast activity. This radar will give us long-range surveillance out to 1,800 miles from each of the coasts.

The Air Force accepted the first regional operations control center [ROCC] at Tyndall Air Force Base, Fla., this past year and this ROCC is part of our overall new joint surveillance system which provides the surveillance and command and control functions required for peacetime air sovereignty and air defense in crisis or wartime.

Interestingly enough our manpower requirements will be reduced by 5,000 slots when we complete this improvement and, more importantly, our annual O&M costs will be reduced by $100 million.

We have awarded a contract for the initial connectivity capability of the nine-relay nodes which are part of the ground wave emergency network [GWEN].

As you also may recall, the ground wave emergency network program provides a high confidence communication link between our sensors, the NORAD sensors, the CONUS based SIOP forces and the national command authority [NCA]. GWEN gives us a system protected in a nuclear environment unlike anything we have today.

In fiscal 1984 we will begin full-scale development of GWEN leading to a 45-node operational capability by fiscal 1985. So we have been able to move rapidly in this area.

We began the diversity reception equipment program which provides improved VLF receiving equipment for all Air Force ground and airborne systems.

We are pleased by the fact that we were able to let this contract to a small business which we feel will be able to perform. In fiscal 1984 we will continue design work leading to a completed design in this

area.

We continue working on providing the vital command, control and communications to effectively integrate, coordinate and manage all of our space defense resources. The Space Defense Command and Control System [SPADOC] is the centerpiece of this effort. It is a phased approach to the upgrading and integration of our sensors providing information to protect our spacecraft; the defensive kinds of things that we are doing to protect our space systems and supporting our antisatellite work. We plan to complete design work in fiscal 1984 to include extensive software.

The current atmospheric defense system of North America, which includes United States and Canada in a cooperative venture and is composed of ground-based radars as part of the distant early warning [DEW] line, the continental air defense integration north called CADIN/PINE TREE system in southern Canada, plus the joint surveillance system.

However, all these radars have limited range, significant gaps in low altitude coverage and high O&M costs.

We have a comprehensive upgrade program which includes replacing the existing DEW with a series of minimally attended radars and unattended long-range radars which will reduce our overall O&M cost by a significant amount.

In addition, we will be able to terminate our involvement in the CADIN/PINE TREE as a result of the improve new radars, thus further reducing our O&M. This combined reduction in O&M will allow our initial replacement investment to be amortized in a little more than 3 years.

The Congress will soon receive a fiscal year 1983 reprograming request for $8 million to begin this program. The reprograming is necessary to keep it on schedule in accordance with the congressional direct on which we received as part of the fiscal year 1983 appropriations bill.

In fiscal year 1984 we propose to procure 11 of these long-range radars, FPS-117, and begin developing the new short-range gap filler radars.

Sir, this concludes a brief overview of the kinds of things we are doing and some of the things we propose in fiscal 1984.

[The prepared statement of General Randolph follows:]

PREPARED STATEMENT OF MAJ. GEN. BERNARD P. RANDOLPH, DIRECTOR SPACE SYSTEMS AND C3, RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ACQUISITION HEADQUARTERS,

USAF

I. INTRODUCTION

MR. CHAIRMAN AND MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE: It is a pleasure to talk to you today on the Air Force Command, Control and Communications program request for fiscal year 1984. The budget request you have before you represents a C program which continues to strengthen those initiatives begun in response to President Reagan's top priority on upgrading our C3 posture. I am here to assure in a hostile war time environment. you we are making every effort to insure our C3 systems can survive and operate

With your permission, I want to highlight some accomplishments in the Air

Force C3 program during this past year:

We successfully launched a mission last October that was remarkable for a number of firsts. We launched our first Titan 34D, our first IUS and first

DSCS III, in one mission.

The DSCS III program had experienced some early cost growth. That program has been brought in at the budgeted cost and the first satellite is performing above tion spacecraft at slightly less than our earlier projections. our expectations. We have signed fixed price contracts for the first four produc

testing with installations at Offutt AFB, NB and Vandenberg AFB, CA. As you We successfully completed SACDIN hardware validation and began field know SACDIN provides a reliable and secure digital data communications and record data system as required to support the needs of the NCA and CINCSAC.

gram, MILSTAR, with the release of the FSED contract. This system is designed to be highly survivable for all levels of conflict and is the center piece of the President's Strategic C3 modernization program.

We let the contract to upgrade our experimental OTH-B radar system to a fully operational configuration and to ultimately deploy it as the first sector of the East Coast operational radar system (3 sectors total). This radar will provide a long range surveillance capability, out to 1800nmi., not possible with currently deployed air-defense radars.

The Air Force accepted the first Regional Operations Control Center (ROCC) at Tyndall AFB, Florida. This ROCC is part of our overall new Joint Surveillance System which provides the surveillance and Command and Control functions required for peacetime air sovereignty and air defense in crisis or wartime for as long as it survives. It will reduce manpower requirements by 5000 slots and more importantly reduce O&M costs by $100M annually.

We awarded a contract for the Initial Connectivity Capability (ICC) which is simply a proof of concept program for the Ground Wave Emergency Network (GWEN). The GWEN program will provide a high confidence communication link between our sensors, NORAD, the CONUS based SIOP forces and the National Command Authority. GWEN gives us a system protected in a nuclear environment unlike today's systems.

We began the Divercity Reception Equipment (DRE) program which provides improved VLF receiving equipment for all Air Force ground and airborne systems. We were very pleased to let a large contract on this program to a small disadvantaged business.

We continue working on providing the necessary vital command, control and communications to effectively integrate, coordinate and manage all space defense resources. The Space Defense Command and Control System (SPADOC) is a phased approach to support the integration of our sensors (monitor and inform), the defensive posture of our own space systems (protect), and our antisatellite system (negate).

The current atmospheric defense system of North America, a United StatesCanadian, co-operative venture, is composed of ground-based radars in the Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line, the Continental Air Defense Integration North (CADIN)/Pinetree system in southern Canada, and the Joint Surveillance System. However, these radars have limited range, significant gaps in low altitude coverage and high O&M costs (mostly because of age and obsolesence of the equipment), We have a comprehensive upgrade program which includes replacing the existing DEW line with a series or minimally attended long range radars and unattended short range radars which will reduce the O&M costs nearly 50 percent. Further, the initial investment for this replacement program will be amortized in little over three years. The Congress will soon have before it a reprogramming action in fiscal year 1983 for $8M dollars to begin this program and keep it on schedule, in accordance with congressional directions as part of its fiscal year 1983 appropriations bill.

I have provided, here in my formal testimony, detailed information on the Air Force C3 programs which, with your permission Mr. Chairman, I will insert for the record along with my spoken testimony. Thank you for your time and we look forward to your continued support in helping to make the U.S. C3 program stronger than ever.

II. COMMAND, CONTROL, AND COMMUNICATIONS (C3)

C systems link together all of our national defense assets. C systems are essential to implement strategy, control forces, and employ weapons in modern warfare. These systems support day-to-day operations, provide time-critical warning information to decision makers, facilitate accurate situation monitoring and allocation of resources in crisis situations, and permit the appropriate and effective employment of military power in wartime.

Recognizing the importance of C3 in directing military operations, the Soviets are placing heavy emphasis in their doctrine on the disruption of our C3. The threats to our systems include both physical and electronic attacks.

In response to this growing threat, our primary objective is to increase the survivability, security, and jam resistance of our C links. Another objective is to improve both the reliability and interoperability of our systems. Finally, we want to exploit new technologies to more effectively meet future C3 requirements and overcome future threats to our system. The discussion in this chapter will focus on our strategic, tactical and defense-wide C3 modernization programs.

Strategic C

Our Strategic C programs include warning and assessment systems, command centers, and supporting communications systems. Since the warning and assessment systems were discussed in the Strategic Defene section, this section will concentrate on command centers and communications.

One of the key features of the President's strategic program is the modernization of strategic C. For deterrence to be a successful policy, we need effective strategic C systems which will be able to support the wartime planning and employment of our nuclear forces. In the past, we have not modernized our C systems fast enough. As a result, these systems have insufficient survivability and reliability to operate dependably during a nuclear conflict. Consequently, we are increasing the survivability and endurance of our strategic C systems. Our objective is to make these systems as strong as the forces they support.

One of the primary programs for enhancing command and control of our strategic forces is the Air Force Satellite Communications (AFSATCOM) System. The AFSATCOM system consists of aircraft terminals, ground terminals, and communications packages on several satellites, including the Fleet Satellite Communications (FLTSATCOM) System, and the Satellite Data System (SDS) satellites, along with classified host spacecraft. In our AFSATCOM RDT&E program, we are developing improvements to our existing ultra high frequency (UHF) AFSATCOM terminals which will allow us to better withstand enemy jamming efforts and provide a smoother transition to MILSTAR—the next generation satellite system.

We are currently installing AFSATCOM terminals in strategic bombers, reconnaissance and surveillance aircraft, ground and airborne command centers, and missile launch control facilities. The installation of these terminals will be virtually completed by December 1983. In addition, the Army and Navy are also acquiring terminals for their own systems. Our fiscal year 1984 request includes procurement funds for an AFSATCOM communications package to be integrated on a host spacecraft to ensure continuity of communications in critical geographic

areas.

In fiscal year 1984, we will continue to develop the new satellite communications system called MILSTAR to replace AFSATCOM. MILSTAR will fulfill the urgent need for highly jam-resistant and survivable satellite communications, and will feature increased jam resistance by using extremely high frequency (EHF) communications and increased survivability through a variety of techniques. It is a joint Army/Navy/Air Force program which will support both strategic and tactical users.

SDS provides one of the major host satellites supporting the AFSATCOM system. It provides critical two-way transpolar command and control communications for our nuclear capable forces. SDS also supports a data communications network among remote tracking stations and the STC for command and control of our satellites. Our fiscal year 1984 RDT&E program will complete the development of a Shuttle-compatible SDS spacecraft, and our procurement program is designed to sustain our capability to launch satellites to replenish the SDS orbital constellation.

The E-4 and EC-135 aircraft are survivable extensions of the fixed command centers which provide higher confidence in our ability to manage our strategic forces during a nuclear war. In fiscal year 1984 we are continuing development of several major improvements in our Airborne Command Post equipment. These include increased capabilities for the E-4B super high frequency (SHF) and EC-135 UHF satellite communications terminals, as well as continuing our work on improving the Minimum Essential Emergency Communication Network (MEECN) low frequency and very low frequency (LF/VLF) system. Development also continues on the improved communications processing, electromagnetic pulse (EMP) testing, and terminals for the Integrated Operational NUDET Detection System (IONDS). These systems are being developed so that we will be able to maintain connectivity and communications in the high threat environment of the future. We are designing these systems to have, among other features, antijam capabilities so that they will be able to support operations in a nuclear environment over extended ranges for prolonged periods of time. Our fiscal year 1984 aircraft modernization portion of the C3 improvement program includes procurement funds for installing upgraded automatic data processing equipment