CONTENTS Page Rogers, Gen. Bernard W., Commander-in-Chief, U.S. European Command__ 2370 l'erle, Hon. Richard, Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Secu- Holland, Rear Adm. W. J., Jr., U.S. Navy, Director, Strategic and Theater Nuclear Warfare Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations-- 2430, 2452 Callaghan, Brig. Gen. J. T., U.S. Air Force, Deputy Director, Regional STRATEGIC COMMAND, CONTROL AND COMMUNICATIONS Latham, Donald C., Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Communications, Command, Control, and Intelligence) -- Randolph, Maj. Gen. Bernard P., U.S. Air Force, Director, Space Systems and Command, Control, Communications, Deputy Chief of Staff, Re- Nagler, Vice Adm. Gordon R., U.S. Navy, Director, Command and Control Office of the Chief of Naval Operations_. Tomb, Rear Adm. Paul D., Vice Director, Joint Strategic Connectivity Holland, Rear Adm. W. J., Jr., U.S. Navy, Director, Strategic and Theater Nuclear Warfare Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, ac- companied by Rear Adm. Frank B. Kelso, U.S. Navy, Director, Strategic Submarine Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations; Rear Adm. Glen Clark, U.S. Navy, Director, Strategic Systems Project Office; and Rear Adm. S. J. Hostettler, U.S. Navy, Director, Joint Cruise Missile Kelso, Rear Adm. Frank B., U.S. Navy, Director, Strategic Submarine Divi- sion, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations__ Clark, Rear Adm. Glen, U.S. Navy, Director, Strategic Systems Project STRATEGIC DEFENSE MARCH 23, 1983 Giuffrida, Louis O., Director, Federal Emergency Management Agency--Stilwell, Gen. Richard Giles, USA, retired, Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy. Page 2565 2575 Gardner, John L., Director, Defensive Systems (OUDDRE) 2633 Maguire, Bernard A., Assistant Director, National Preparedness Programs, 2640 Tate, Maj. Gen. Grayson D., USA, Program Manager, Ballistic Missile Defense Program_- 2640 Lamberson, Maj. Gen. Donald L., USAF, Assistant for Directed Energy 2645 Brown, Maj. Gen. Bruce K., USAF, Vice Commander in Chief, North 2654 CHEMICAL WARFARE APRIL 7, 1983 Gold, Dr. Theodore S., Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Chemical Matters) Gasbarri, Dominic, Defense Intelligence Agency. Wade, Capt. Ralph, National Photographic Interpretation Center- 2724, 2778 2743 2745 2748 Klein, Brig. Gen. William E., U.S. Army, Assistant Deputy Director (Force 2749, 2783 Baker, Brig. Gen. Thomas A., U.S. Air Force, Deputy Director of Operations 2755, 2786 Barth, Rear Adm. Joseph J., U.S. Navy, Director, Strike and Amphibious Bethune, Hon. Ed, a U.S. Congressman from the State of Arkansas.. 2756, 2787 2764 2769 Watson, Brig. Gen. Gerald G., U.S. Army, Director, Nuclear and Chemical 2789 AIR-BREATHING DETERRENT APRIL 15, 1983 Cooper, Hon. Thomas E., Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Research, 2808 Welch, Maj. Gen. Jasper, Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff (Research, Development, and Acquisition). 2814 Thurman, Maj. Gen. William E., U.S. Air Force, Deputy for the B-1B, 2826 Shaud, Brig. Gen. John, U.S. Air Force, Deputy Director, Plans, Headquarters, Air Force__. 2843 SPACE DEFENSE MAY 2, 1983 Wallop, Hon. Malcolm, a U.S. Senator from the State of Wyoming_-- 2858 2870 2883 Hoehn, Dr. William, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for 2892 Cook, Dr. Charles, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Space 2893 Gardner, John L., Director, Defensive System (OUSDRE). 2895 2896 2902 in, Dr. Richard, IBM fellow, Thomas J. Watson Research Center--- 2912 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 1984 TUESDAY, MARCH 15, 1983 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON STRATEGIC AND THEATER NUCLEAR FORCES, COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES, Washington, D.C. THEATER NUCLEAR WARFARE ISSUES The subcommittee met in open session, pursuant to notice, at 8 a.m., in room SR-222, Russell Senate Office Building, Senator John W. Warner (chairman) presiding. Present: Senators Warner, Cohen, and Levin. Staff present: James F. McGovern, staff director and chief counsel; James G. Roche, minority staff director; Alan R. Yuspeh, general counsel; Willis D. Smith, deputy staff director and chief scientist for the minority; Richard D. Finn, Frank J. Gaffney, Jr., George K. Johnson, Jr., Patrick L. Renehan, and James C. Smith, professional staff members; Drew A. Harker, research assistant, and Karen A. Love, staff assistant. Also present: Dennis P. Sharon, assistant to Senator Goldwater; Jim Dykstra, assistant to Senator Cohen; Hank Steenstra, assistant to Senator Quayle; Arnold Punaro, assistant to Senator Nunn; Greg Pallas, assistant to Senator Exon, and Peter Lennon, assistant to Senator Levin. OPENING STATEMENT BY SENATOR JOHN W. WARNER, CHAIRMAN Senator WARNER. The subcommittee is pleased to welcome this morning Gen. Bernard W. Rogers, who appears in his capacity as commander-in-chief, U.S. European Command. General Rogers has served throughout his career with distinction. His testimony has consistently served to illuminate the myriad complex issues with which his various responsibilities have caused him to be involved. The most recent such issue involves the modernization of NATO's nuclear deterrent forces. The controversies surrounding the deployment of intermediate-range nuclear forces have dominated discussions of this topic in recent months. (2369) With the exception of an article in yesterday's Washington Post, the program for enhancing deterrence at the tactical end of the nuclear spectrum has, however, received relatively less public attention. As we open up this series of hearings, we look forward to having General Rogers address these and related matters with his usual candor and insight. I have a note from Senator Nunn expressing his apologies for being absent. He is out of town. We hope other members of the subcommittee will be able to join us this morning. Having said that, General, kindly launch us on a hopefully successful series of hearings by which we hope to obtain the authorization of this Congress to continue with the modernization program of the strategic nuclear forces. STATEMENT OF GEN. BERNARD W. ROGERS, COMMANDER-INCHIEF, U.S. EUROPEAN COMMAND General ROGERS. Senator, I come without a prepared statement. Senator WARNER. I don't recall that you have ever had one. You know this subject so well. General ROGERS. Let me speak for a few minutes about the intermediate-range nuclear force modernization which we must have. I would like to really address myself to that theater aspect of the nuclear weapons situation. INTERMEDIATE RANGE NUCLEAR FORCE MODERNIZATION In December 1979 when the alliance made what I considered to be a vital decision to modernize and at the same time to negotiate the elimination of intermediate-range nuclear forces [INF], it anticipated it might well be successful at the negotiating table prior to the time it had decided to place the weapon systems on the soil of Western Europe in December of this year. So far there has been no breakthrough, as you know, in the negotiations in Geneva and as a consequence this is going to be a very difficult year for NATO as December approaches if we don't get a satisfactory arrangement in the arms reduction talks. The decision that was taken in 1979 was a decision to modernize and that is oftentimes lost in the overtones of the debate. We had F-111's which were part of our intermediate range nuclear force. We also had the Vulcans from the United Kingdom. The Vulcans were scheduled to go out of the United Kingdom inventory, and every year that went by with the addition of more air defense capability on the Warsaw Pact side we knew it was going to be more and more difficult for manned aircraft to penetrate the area over Soviet soil so she could not think that she had a sanctuary. Most people now believe it was because of the SS-20 that we modernized. We would have modernized irrespective of the SS-20 because we had this gap in our spectrum of defense developing and we needed to close that gap. We also made that decision in 1979 because we needed to provide a land-based missile system which was shared by a number of our allies, which was visible to the other side and one which was easily con |