Mrs. Gale, born in and a resident of Pueblo, Colo., for 22 years, now lives in Denver with her husband Dr. Scott A. Gale and three youngsters, ages 4, 3, and 2. An aspiring writer, she recently had her first major publication-a first-person experience in the November 1964 edition of Redbook Magazine. Having majored in creative writing at Pomona College, Claremont, Calif., an opportunity for her to write about something in which she really believed occurred in her junior year, when she spent 6 months in Washington, D.C., studying the Fryingpan-Arkansas Project. Her voluminous writings on the project are now in the Library of Congress. Mrs. Gale combines writing and homemaking with a part-time job doing institutional research at Colorado Woman's College in Denver.

the project. It is also one of the major reasons for the rise of the estimated cost of the project since 1957. This cost includes the dam, a reservoir with 12 miles of shoreline, relocation of many miles of county roads, and buying rights-of-way. Working continued during the winter to drill a tunnel so that a cofferdam can be erected this year to divert the Fryingpan River, to allow the erection of the permanent dam to begin this spring. Ruedi Dam is expected to be completed by February of 1968.

At this beginning, the Fryingpan-Arkansas Project, called by Interior Secretary Steward L. Udall "one of the greatest water-resource developments ever undertaken in the West," has already begun to employ workmen and in other ways benefit the economy of the State. It is expected that the project will require 5,000 man-years of labor alone.

Impact of Recreation

The U.S. Forest Service has estimated that the development of recreational facilities in the White River National Forest would cost approximately

$1.4 million. These facilities will include roads, trails, campgrounds, picnic sites, docks and boat landings, parking areas, tree and shrub planting and grass seeding, costs of which are nonreimbursable. The recreational impact area involves 182,700 acres, 8,800 of which are now private land. Property values have begun to rise impressively.

Of the project as a whole, money spent for irrigation, power, municipal water supply and delivery systems over 90 percent of construction cost-will be paid back to the Government. And this, together with interest, will result in a total reimbursement of $228 million to the U.S. Treasury.

The next phase of the Fryingpan-Arkansas Project will be the development of the western slope water collection system-drawing from the south side collection area, and involving the construction of three major tunnels. One of these, the Divide Tunnel, is 5.3 miles long, and has a 102foot-diameter bore. It will carry water from the west to the east side of the Continental Divide, to Turquoise Lake (also called Sugar Loaf Reservoir) 5 miles southwest of Leadville, Colo. This town, famous for its mining history, has become the scene of exciting development with the beginning of the project.

About 70,000 acre-feet of water from Turquoise Lake (enlarged from 17,000 acre-feet capacity to 117,000 acre-feet capacity), will be carried annually through a series of canals to Twin Lakes Reservoir, which will be enlarged to five times its present size.

From Twin Lakes Reservoir, the water will be released through a series of powerplants into the Arkansas River near Salida. From this point, the water will flow in the river to be impounded in Pueblo Reservoir, which will be formed by the erection of Pueblo Dam across the river west of Pueblo. Pueblo Reservoir will store 400,000 acrefeet of water. This phase will involve relocation of about 20 miles of Denver and Rio Grande Railroad track, with a seventh powerplant to be located at Pueblo Dam. The new lake will have a 61-mile shoreline.

For most residents of Colorado it is impossible to realize the great changes the Fryingpan-Arkansas Project will make in the economic structure of the State, and the types of businesses which will be attracted to the area. Many of the towns in Colorado, which are now simply places to "go

through," will become attractive recreational areas. Pueblo, my hometown, will, upon completion of the reservoir, have a high tourist potential.

Colorado, until recently, was not achieving the amount of progress which by rights it should enjoy as one of the States richest in natural resources and scenic beauty. Today, it has a reputation of being a playground for the winter sportsman and a paradise for the summer camper. But this does not give enough attention to the situation of the year-around resident of Colorado-who gives and gets all which is his within the State alone.

Colorado's Appeal

We've heard western slogans containing romantic words and emotional appeal, but we've known in the past that these could not apply to us because of our desperate lack of water. Given Colorado's space and beauty, given its strategic location as the real center of the United States, given its clear air and the ease of transportation within its boundaries, its relatively untapped labor resources and its enthusiastic, progressive businessmen-given all these valuable factors, Colorado's score would still be low without water. With water where needed, Colorado will emerge the important Western State that it could be.

With more water for irrigation, Colorado land now involved in farming will yield more varied crops to feed the growing population of the State.

With more municipal, domestic, and industrial water available, new and long-term industries will join the already established and internally welldeveloped industries currently enjoying the advantage of the large amount of undeveloped land in the State. New cities will emerge, and wellrooted cities in Colorado will grow and improve in quality-reaffirming the faith of those who have already invested in housing developments, apartment complexes, new schools and shopping centers. These were threatened with being surpluses the already burdened State could not afford to bear, before the certainty of adequate water.

The Bureau of Reclamation has done its part in honestly and accurately planning and designing the most feasible project to alleviate the Arkansas Valley's lack of water; the Congress has given its approval and appropriation of funds; now it's up to Colorado to plan wisely for the many benefits which will result from the project.

The real key to the State's future development is to be found in such planning. Colorado should be able to utilize the knowledge. There are examples of several areas within our United States which have grown without careful anticipation or coordination. But we have the years before the Fryingpan-Arkansas Project will be complete. Let us now plan ideal communities.

The Fryingpan-Arkansas Project is a valuable investment in the future of Colorado. # # #

"But as our work progresses, we can request advice and information on highly technical matters under terms of a 1951 agreement between our two countries for scientific and technical engineering services. "And never once," he noted, "have I ever asked for assistance that it wasn't granted readily.

"If I explain to Bureau officials that we are having some problems on which we need advice of their engineers, we get it. And if a firsthand consultation on the spot is needed, the Bureau expedites arrangements for the engineers to come to India. Thus we benefit from the valuable experience built up by the Bureau of Reclamation over a period of 60-some years that it has been developing and conserving water resources throughout 17 Western States," Pathak said.

Officials Visited

Many Bureau engineers and officials have visited India upon invitation, but within the past 2 years the list has included Commissioner Floyd E. Dominy, Chief Engineer B. P. Bellport, and General Physical Scientist O. L. Rice.

Having this exchange of views and firsthand experience is proving "a very good working agreement," Pathak said.

Similar views were expressed by Chief Engineer Bellport when he noted that the Bureau of Reclamation "has been happy to share our experience and knowledge with India. "K. S. Pathak," he added, "has very effectively provided the key liaison so essential to a program of this nature.” General Physical Scientist Rice praised Pathak as "a fine engineer" and said: "It has been a pleasure to work with him in support of the Beas and other water resources projects in India."

Besides the Beas Project, Pathak deals with other problems referred from India, such as the Khadakvasla Dam near Bombay which breached and has had to be repaired. Two senior Bureau engineers were sent to study and advise, he said.

Another of his responsibilities is "trying to keep my Government informed on the latest technical advances and engineering developments."

"The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation publishes results of its work for the whole world to share," he noted.

"In our case, we may not face exactly the same problem today as is being worked out here-but accumulating facts can be very useful for the future."

Another important contribution which the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation makes is sharing its testing facilities-running tests on concrete, for example, which may be similar to those being made by Indian engineers, but which will thus enable them to compare results and get a double check on safety and effectiveness.

Pathak pointed out that India also draws from private engineering consultants, some of whom have been associated with their works for many years. His position includes contacts with them, as well as with manufacturing firms since India buys some of its major construction equipment from the United States.

Pathak recalled an observation made by India's president, Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, when he was honored in June 1963, by the University of Denver and by Denver's mayor.

In a dinner speech, Dr. Radhakrishnan cited a visit he had just made to the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's Denver laboratories where he had observed Bureau engineers testing soil brought 10,000 miles from his homeland, and he had noted, "how small is the world today when you look at such cooperation and friendship."

Friendly Arrival

Friendliness and hospitality described as “almost unbelievable" also are cited by Pathak's gracious and charming wife, Kamla, when she talks about the family's arrival in Denver.

"We first stayed in a motel near my husband's office," she recalled. "Right away a neighbor offered to take our children to school with her own, and one of my husband's colleagues drove him to work until we could get a car of our own."

"Within 2 months we found a furnished house to rent. There never was any question-the owner, who was going to the University of Illinois for a year of advanced studies, just turned over the keys and told us to make ourselves at home."

The Pathak's eldest son, Pramod, 19, enrolled at the University of Colorado where he plans to get his degree; their two daughters-17-year-old Sunita and 16-year-old Archana entered Lakewood Junior High School; and 9-year-old Rajiv, the youngest son, started classes at Lakewood Elementary School.

The children's facility with English made school adjustment no problem. Rajiv, according to his teacher, is providing stimulus to his fellow students.