Contractile vesicle of Volvox, 260; of Amœ-
ba, 405; of Actinophrys, 407; of Infuso-
ria, 417, 418.

Convex lenses, refraction by, 65-69; for-
mation of images by, 69.
Coquilla nut, cells of, 368.

Coral, red, 473; stony, 473, 474.
Corallines (zoophytic), 38,49; true, 331, 332.
Cordylophora, 461, 462.
Cork, 380.

Corpuscles of Blood, 598-601.

Corti, Abbé, on rotation in Chara, 47.
Corynida, 461, 462.

Coscinodiscus, 289, 290.

Cosmarium, self-division of, 269; conjuga.
tion of, 274.

Crab, shell-structure of, 550, 551; meta.
morphoses of, 551, 552.

Cricket, gastric teeth of, 569; sounds pro-
duced by, 575.

Crinoidea, skeleton of, 482.
Crusta petrosa of Teeth, 589–591.
CRUSTACEA, 539; lower forms of, 539-541;
entomostracous, 541-546; suctorial, 547,
548; cirrhiped, 548-550; decapod, shell
of, 550, 551; metamorphoses of, 551, 552.
CRYPTOGAMIA, microscopic study of, 43-46;
movements of, 44; sexuality of, 45, 46,
359. (See Protophyta, Algæ, Mosses, &c.)
Crystals of snow, 644.

Crystallization, Microscopic, 645.
Ctenoid scales of Fish, 594.

Curculionidæ, 556-559.

Cutaneous eruptions, 668.

Development, Vegetable, application of Mi-
croscope to, 42-47.
Diamond-beetle, 556-560; foot of, 576.
Diaphragm-Plate, 130, 131.
Diatoma, 298.

Diatomacea, vegetable nature of, 277; co-
hesion of frustules of, 278, 279; siliceous
envelope of, 277-280; markings of, 280-
283; self-division of, 283, 284; gonidia
of, 284; conjugation of, 284-286; limits
of species of, 286, 287, 301; movements
of, 287, 288; classification of, 288-301;
general habits of, 301-303; fossilized de-
posits of, 303, 304, 629-633; collection of,
304-306; mounting of, 306, 307; their
value as tests, 195-199.

Dicotyledonous Stems, structure of, 378-
386.

Dissecting Microscope, Quekett's, 94-96.
Smith and Beck's,
103-105.
Dissection, microscopic, 201-203.
Distoma, 532, 533.

Dog, foot of, epidermis of, 606.
Doris, spicular skeleton of, 516.
Dotted Ducts, 374.

Doublet, microscopic, 79.
Draw-Tube, 118, 119.

Plants, 388-391.

Cuttle-fish, shell of, 516, 517.

Cycloid scales of Fish, 592.

Cyclops, 542, 543; fertility of, 546.
Cydippe, 470, 471.

Cypris, 541, 542.

Cypræa, structure of shell of, 515.
Cystic Entozoa. 530.
Cysticercus, 530.
Cythere, 542.

Dalrymple, Mr, on Notommata, 429.
Dalyell, Sir J. G., on development of Me-
dusæ, 468-470.

Daphnia, 544; ephippial eggs of, 546, 547.
Darwin, Mr., on Pampean formation, 639,
640.

Deane's Gelatine, 232-234.

Decapod Crustacea, shell of, 550, 551; me-
tamorphoses of, 551, 552.
Defining power of object-glasses, 187, 188.
Demodex folliculorum, 582.
Dentine of Teeth, 588, 589.
Dendrodus, teeth of, 641.
Dermestes, hair of, 195, 559.
Desmidiacea, general structure of, 265-267;
movement of fluid in, 267, 268; duplica-
tive subdivision of, 268-270; formation of
gonidia by, 270-273; organization and
multiplication of varieties in, 273, 274;
conjugation of, 274-276; collection of,
276, 277.

Deutzia, stellate hairs of, 390, 391.
Development, Von Baer's law of, 52.
Animal, application of Mi-
croscope to, 50-57.

Dry-mounting of objects, 221-225.
Ducts of Plants, 374, 375.

Dujardin, M., on Rotifera, 432-435.
Duplicative subdivision, of Palmoglæa, 252;
of Protococcus, 255; of Desmidiaceæ,
268-270; of Diatomaceæ, 283, 284; of
Confervaceæ, 318, 319; of Protozoa, 407-
409; of Infusoria, 418.
Dusideia, skeleton of, 455.
Dytiscus, foot of, 577, 578.

Eagle Ray, teeth of, 589.

Echinida, shell of, 477, 478; ambulacral
disks of, 479; spines of, 479, 480; pedi-
cellariæ of, 481, 482; teeth of, 482; me-
tamorphosis of, 488-491.

ECHINODERMATA, skeleton of, 477-486;
metamorphoses of, 486-491.
Educational Microscopes, 93-97, 104, note.
Educational Value of Microscope, 57-64.
Eel, scales of, 591, 592.

Eels, of Paste and Vinegar, 531.
Eggs of Insects, 579, 580.
Egg-shell, fibrous structure of, 602.
Ehrenberg, Prof., his researches on Ani-
malcules, 47-49, 411-424, 428-435; on
Polycystina, 449–452.

Elaters of Marchantia, 349.
Elementary Tissues; see Tissues.
Elytra, of Beetles, 575.

Embryo, vegetable, development of, 400.
Enamel of Teeth, 589–591.
Encrinites, 482.

Encysting process of Infusoria, 419-422.
Endochrome of vegetable cell, 249.

Enterobryus, 338-340.

Entomostracous Crustacea, 541; their clas-
sification, 541-545; reproduction of, 545-
547.

Entozoa, 529; simplest form of, 530, 531;
cystic, 530; nematoid, 531, 532; trema-
tode, 532, 533.

Ephemera, larva of, 555-569, 573.

Rhizopoda, 437; their general structure,
437-440; peculiar forms of, 440-445; re-
lation of, to Sponges, 446; canal-system
of, 446, 447; collection and mounting of,
446-449; fossil deposits of, 629-634.
Forceps, 153; stage, 146.
Fossil Bone, 642.

Diatomaceæ, 303, 304, 629–633.

605.

of Plants, nature of, 391.

Epithelium, 606, 607; ciliated, 607, 608.
Equisetacea, 358; cuticle of, 358; spores
of, 359.

Erector. 119, 120.
Ether injection, 703.
Euryale, skeleton of, 482.
Eye, examination of, 671.
Eyes, care of, 158.

Eyes, of Mollusks, 526, 527; of Insects,
561-564.

Eye-piece, 82; Huyghenian, 83, 84; Rams.
den's, 84, 85; Achromatic, 85; Menis-
cus, 85; Micrometric, 122-124, 713.
Fallacies of Microscopists, 39-41, 180-186.
Falconer, Dr., on bones of fossil Tortoise,
642.

Fat-cells, 607, 608; capillaries of, 623, 624.
Fatty degeneration, 665.

Faujasina, 439; canal-system of, 446, 447.
Feathers, structure of, 597, 598.
Feet of Insects, 576, 578.

FERNS, 352, 353; fructification of, 353, 354;
spores of, 354, 355; prothallium of, 355;
antheridia of, 355, 356; archegonia of,
356, 357; generation and development
of. 357, 358.

Fertilization of ovule, in flowering plants,

Polycystina, 451, 452.

Sponges, 632.

Teeth, 641.

Wood. 388, 627-629.

Fowl, lung of, 625.

Frog, blood of, 599, 600; circulation in web
of, 616-618; in tongue of, 618, 619; lung
of, 624.

Fucacea, 328, 329; sexual apparatus of,
328-331; development of, 331.
Fungi, simplest forms of, 334, 335; in
bodies of living animals, 335-340; in sub-
stance, or on surface of plants, 340-343;
higher forms of, 343, 344.
Fusulina, 634.

Furze, Mr., his arrangement for illumina
tion, 143.

Gad-flies, ovipositor of, 579.
Gaillonella, 299.

Gairdner's Simple Microscope, 92, 93.
Gall-flies, ovipositor of, 579.
Ganoid scales of Fish, 593.
GASTEROPODA, structure of shell of, 515,

516; tongues of, 517-521; development
of, 521-525; organs of sense of, 526-528.
Gastric teeth of Mollusks, 521; of Insects,

569.

Gelatine, Deane's. 232-234.

Gelatinous nerve-fibres, 614, 615.
Geology, applications of Microscope to,
627.

Geranium-petal, peculiar cells of, 395.
Gills, of Mollusks, ciliary motion on, 526;
of Fishes, distribution of vessels in. 624;
of Water-newt, circulation in, 629; ciliary
movement in, 624.

Gillett's Condenser, 132.
Glands, structure of, 609-611.
Glass Slides, 214.

Thin, 214-217.
Glue, liquid, use of, 218.

marine, use of, 219–221.
Glycerine, use of, in mounting objects, 232.
Gnats, larvæ of, 569, 570.
Goadby's Solution, 233.
Gold-size, use of, 218.
Goniometer, 124.
Gomphonema, 294, 295.

Gonidia, multiplication by, in Desmidiacea,
270-272; in Diatomaceæ, 284; in Hydro-
dictyon, 300; in Chara, 325; in Florideæ.
331; in Lichens, 333.
Gorgonia, spicules of, 474.

Gosse, Mr., on Melicerta, 433; on thread-
cells of Zoophytes, 474-476.
Grammatophora, 298; its use as test, 199.
Grantia, structure of, 309-317.
Grasses, silicified cuticle of, 390, 391.
Gregarina, 530, 531.

Grinding and Polishing of Sections, 207-
211.

Man, hair of, 595, 596.
Mandibulate mouth of Insects, 565-567.
Marchantia, general structure of, 344, 345;
stomata of, 345, 346; conceptacles of,
346; sexual apparatus of, 347, 348.
Margaritace, shells of, 506–508, 509.
Marine Glue, uses of, 219–221.
Mastogloia, 299-301.

Medullary Rays, 381-384.

Morbid growths, examination of, 674.
Morpho Menelaus, scale of, 194, 557.

52, 53, 467-470.

Megatherium, teeth of, 590.
Melicertians, 432-434.

Meloseira, 299; self-division of, 284; con.
jugation of, 286.
Menelaus, scale of, 557.
Meniscus eye-piece, 85.
Meridion, 296, 297.

Metamorphoses of Animals, 50; of Cirrhi-
peds, 50, 548-550; of Crustacea, 52, 551,
552; of Echinoderms, 52, 486-491; of
Infusoria, 419-422; of Mollusks, 51, 504,
505; of Annelids, 52, 536, 537.
Micrometer, Cobweb, 120-122; eye-piece,

122-124.

Micrometry, by Micrometer, 120-124; by
Camera Lucida, 126.
MICROSCOPE, early history of, 35-41; later
history of, 41-57; educa-
tional uses of, 57-64.
optical principles of construc.
tion of, 77-85; mechanical
principles of construction
of, 86-90.

Compound, 81-85, 96, 97.
Field's, 97-99.
Highley's, 99, 100.
Nachet's, 100-102.
Ditto, binocular, 114-117.
Powell and Lealand's, 110-

112.

Ross's, 108-110.

Smith and Beck's large, 112-
114.

Ditto dissecting, 103-105.
Ditto student's, 102, 103.
Ditto educational, 104, note.
Warington's universal, 105-
108.

Simple, 77-81, 90.
Field's, 93, 94.

Gairdner's, 92, 93.

Grunow's, 706.

Queen's, 706.

Quekett's, 94-96.
Ross's, 90-92.
Spencer's, 704.

support required for, 154;
care of, 158-160; general
arrangement of, 160; for
transparent objects, 168-
172; for opaque objects,
175-177.

Microscopic Dissections, 201-203.
Microscopists, fallacies of, 39-41.
Microtome, 203, 204.

Mildew, fungous vegetation of, 340, 341.
Milk, 683.

Millon's test for albuminous substances, 213.
Mineral Objects, 645.
Minnow, circulation in, 619.

paratus of, 347-350; urns of, 350, 351;
peristome of, 351: development of spores
of, 352.

Moths; see Lepidoptera.

Mould, fungous vegetation of, 340, 341.
Mounting of objects; see Objects.
Mounting-Plate, 219.

Mouse, Ear of, cartilage of, 608.
Mouth of Insects, 565-568.
Mucous Membranes, structure of, 604;
capillaries of, 623; ulcers of, 670.
Müller, O. F., his researches on Animal-
cules, 38.

Müller, Prof., his researches on Echino-
derm-larvæ, 486-491.

Muscardine, or silk-worm disease, 44, 45,

336.

Muscular fibre, structure of, 611-613; value
of, as test-object, 195; mode of examining
and preparing, 613, 614, 655; capillaries
of, 623, 624.

Musk-deer, hair of, 595.
Mussel, ciliary action on gills of, 526.
Mya, structure of hinge-tooth of, 509.
Mycelium of Fungi, 340-343.
Myliobates, teeth of, 589.

Nachet's Microscope, 100-102; his Bino-
cular Microscope, 114-117; his prism for
oblique illumination, 136, 137.
Nacre, structure of, 509–511.
Nais, 537, 538.

Nassula, teeth of, 415.

Navicule, 293, 294; movements of, 287.
Needles for dissection, mode of mounting,
203.

Nematoid Entozoa, 531, 532.

Nepenthes, spiral vessels of, 374.

Nervous Tissue, structure of, 614, 615,
653; mode of examining, 615, 616, 653.
Newt, circulation in larva of, 619.
Nicol-Prism, 140.

Nobert's Test, 196, 197.

Noctiluca, 471, 472.

Nostochacea, 312, 313.
Notommala, 429-435.

Nucleus of Vegetable cells, 251, 365; of
Infusoria, 418.

Nudibranchs, development of, 521, 522.
Nummulite, structure of, 446, 634-637.
Nuphar lutea, parenchyma of, 362.

Object-Finder, 129, 130.

Object-glasses, achromatic, principle of, 73,
74; construction of, 74-76; adjustment
of, for covering of object, 76, 77, 165-
168; defining power of, 187, 188; pene-
trating power of, 188; resolving power
of, 188, 189; flatness of field of, 189;
comparative value of, 188-192; different
powers of, 193-198; tests for, 193-199;

determination of magnifying power of,
199, 200.
Object-glass holder, Mr. Brooke's, 127.
Object-Marker, 127, 128.

Objects, mode of mounting, dry, 221-224;
in Canada balsam, 224-232; in preserva-
tive fluids, 232-242; see Opaque and
Transparent Objects.
Oblique Illuminators, 135-138, 173, 174.
Ocelli of compound eyes of Insects, 561.
Edogonium, zoospore of, 318; sexual re-
production of, 319.

Oil-globules, microscopic appearances of,
184.

Oleander, cuticle of, 389.
Oncidium, spiral cells of, 368.
Onion, raphides of, 371.
Oolite, structure of, 634.

Opaque Objects, arrangement of Micro-
scope for, 175-177; various modes of illu-
minating, 177-180; modes of mounting,

121-124.

Opercula of Mosses, 350.
Ophiocoma, 482.

Ophiurida, skeleton of, 482, 483.
Ophrydina, 423.

Orbitoides, structure of, 637-639.

Pigment-cells, 605.

Pith, structure of, 378, 379.
Pinna, structure of shell of, 506–508.
Pinnularia, 294.

Placoid scales of Fish, 593.
Planaria, 533-535.

Plants, distinction of from Animals, 247,
248, 409, 410.

Plantago, rotation in hairs of, 366.
Pleurosigma, 294; nature of markings on,
281, 282; value of, as tests, 195-198.
Pluteus-larva of Echinus, 488-490.
Pneumonia, pathological condition in, 661.
Podura, scale of, 195, 556, 557.
Polarization, objects suitable for, 645.
Polarizing Apparatus, 140-143.
Pollen-grains, development of, 397; struc-
ture and markings of, 194, 397-399.
Polycystina, nature of, 449, 450; distribu-
tion of, 450-452.

Polygastrica; see Infusoria.
Polyommatus argus, scale of, 557, 558.
Polypes; see Hydra and Zoophytes.
Polypodium, fructification of, 353.
POLYZOA, 49, 492; general structure of, 492-
496; molluscan nature of, 496; classifi-
cation of, 497-500.

Powell and Lealand's Microscope, 110-112;
their Achromatic Condenser, 133.
Preservative Liquids, 232-234.
Primordial utricle, 248.

Prismatic shell-substance, 506–508.
Prisms, Dujardin's, 133, 134, 173; Nachet's,
136; Amici's, 137; Grubb's, 137; pola-
rizing, 140, 141.

Proboscis of Bee, 566, 567; of Butterfly,
567, 568; of Fly, 566, 567.
Proteus, 405.

Protococcus pluvialis, life-history of, 253-
257; various forms of, 257, 258; con-
ditions influencing changes of, 258, 259.
Protoplasm of vegetable cell, 248.
PROTOPHYTA, general characters of, 247-
249.

PROTOZOA, 404-409; their relations to Pro-
tophyta, 247, 248, 409, 410.

Pseudopodia, of Rhizopods, 407-411.
Pterodactyle, bone of, 642.

Pearls, structure of, 509-511.

Pecari, hair of, 595.

Pecten, eyes of, 527; tentacles of, 528.

Pediastrum, multiplication and develop.
ment of, 270-273.

Pedicellaria of Echinoderms, 481, 482.
Penetrating power of object-glasses, 188.
Pentacrinus, skeleton of, 482; larval, 491.
Peristome of Mosses, 350, 351.
Perophora, 502-505.

Petals of Flowers, structure of, 395, 396.
Pettenkofer's test, 212.

PHANEROGAMIA, elementary tissues of, 360-
376 (see Tissues of Plants); stems and
roots of, 376-388; cuticle and leaves of,
388-394; flowers of, 394-401; seeds of,
401-403.

Phytelephas, cells of, 368.
Phyllopoda, 544.

Purpura, development of, 521-525.
Pycnogonida, 539-541.

Quekett, Mr., his Dissecting Microscope,
94-96; his Indicator, 124; on Structure of
Bone, 642, 643.
Querquedula crecca, 655.

Rainey, Mr., his moderator, 156.
Ramsden's eye-piece, 84, 85.
Raphides, vegetable, 371, 372.

Reade, Rev. J. B., on black-ground illumi-
nation, 138.

Reagents, Chemical, use of, in Microscopic
research, 211–213.

Red Corpuscles of Blood, 599, 600.
Red Snow, 307.

Refraction, laws of, 65, 66; by convex
lenses, 65-69; by concave and meniscus
lenses, 69.