mix it with the clear lemon juice, filter | leaves 10 parts, angelica root 6 parts, and bottle the vinegar. Orange Vinegar. Peel 5 to 6 fresh oranges, press out the juice in a tall glass, and let it stand covered to clarify. Free the rinds from the white parts, pound them to a paste and pour 1 gallon of good vinegar over it, and proceed in the same manner as given for lemon vinegar. Pine-apple Vinegar. This excellent vinegar soon loses its flavor, and it is therefore best to prepare a small quantity at a time and keep it in hermetically closed bottles. Bruise the slices of pine-apple and pour over them a considerable quantity of vinegar. Close the vessel as tightly as possible and let it stand 12 hours; after which pour off the vinegar and filter it. Raspberry Vinegar. Crush perfectly ripe raspberries to a paste, let it stand 24 to 36 hours; then put 1 pound of this paste into a jar, pour 1 to 2 gallons of vinegar over it, place it in a warm place, but not in the sun, and shake frequently. After standing for several days strain the mixture through a cloth, add 1 gill of alcohol, mix thoroughly, and filter the vinegar. The bottles should be entirely filled and kept in a cool place. Strawberry Vinegar. Mash thoroughly ripe strawberries, let the paste stand in a warm place for 24 hours, then press out the juice, bottle and let it stand for a few days to ferment and to allow the slimy constituents to separate. Then filter the juice and put it in wellclosed glass bottles which should be scrupulously clean, where it will keep for a long time. When it is to be used for flavoring, add a sufficient quantity of it to good vinegar. Vanilla Vinegar. Triturate in a porcelain mortar 4 parts of vanilla bean cut up with some white sugar, add 2 parts each of pulverized cloves and cinnamon, put all in a flask and digest it with 30 parts of strong alcohol for several days. Then add 250 to 270 parts of good vinegar, let it stand for some time, shaking it frequently, then strain through a cloth and finally filter. This vinegar is usually colored red. Vinaigre à la Bordin. Chop up: Leaves of dragonswort 20 parts, bay capers and anchovies each 10 parts, shallots 6 parts, and pour 150 parts of good vinegar over them. Let the whole stand for 3 days, shaking frequently, then strain through a cloth, press out the residue, and filter the vinegar. Vinaigre à la Ravigote. Leaves of dragonswort 25 parts, bay leaves 6 parts, capers 13 parts, anchovies cut up fine 26 parts, cloves and horseradish each 34 parts, white mustard seed pounded fine part, shallots 13 parts, and good vinegar 300 parts. Proceed as above. WASHING AND SCOURING. MANUFACTURE OF WASHING-BLUE, ETC. To Wash Satin, Silk Ribbons, Brocade, and Silk Damask. Rub the materials either with yelk of egg or Venetian soap, wash them in tepid water, then rinse, and dry. Now dissolve good gumtragacanth in equal parts of wine-vinegar and spring water, and strain the solution through a cloth; it should not be too thick. Dip the fabric in this solution so that it is uniformly moistened, then squeeze out the gum water, and by means of a brush spread the fabric upon a smooth board and let it dry quickly in the sun or near the stove. But ribbons should be ironed dry. To Wash Silk Ribbons mixed with Gold and Silver Threads. Before washing brush the ribbons with honey water to protect the colors. Then wash in a solution of beef's gall and soap; manipu late the ribbon with one hand while pouring rain water over it with the other hand. After washing dip them in clear gum water, wrap them between two cloths around a mangle roller, and mangle them for a short time; then fasten some weight to one end of the ribbons and hang them up to dry. To Wash Silver and Gold Lace. Place the lace in curdled milk for 24 hours. Dissolve shavings of some good soap in 1 quart of rain water, add a comparatively large quantity of honey, 1 beef's gall, and heat the whole for 1 hour. In case it is too thick add rain water, so that a thinly-fluid paste is formed. Allow this to stand for 12 hours, then brush the paste over the wet laces. Wrap a moist cloth around a mangle roller, around this the lace, and around it another moist cloth. The lace is then mangled, being occasionally dampened with rain water and several times brushed over with the paste. Now soak gum-tragacanth in water for 24 hours, strain it through a cloth, add an equal quantity of sugar, and, when this is dissolved and the solution has become clear, immerse the laces in it; then mangle them smooth between 2 clean cloths and then hang them up to dry. To Wash Gold Laces. Place them over night either in urine or wine, and then wash them in the same manner as above. Color and gloss are restored by heating in a pot 1 pint each of water and whiskey, to which has been added pulverized gum-Arabic and some saffron; spread the laces upon a table and apply the solution uniformly with a small brush, and then hang them up to dry. To Wash White Silk Crape. Soak over night in a solution of soap in milk, then sponge without rubbing and lay it in a solution of soap and water for 12 hours, squeeze gently, and place it between 2 damp cloths in a basket. Put some sulphur in an iron pot, and place the latter in a barrel or tall vessel covered with a cloth folded 4 times. Place the wet basket containing the crape over the sulphur, which is now ignited and allowed to burn some time. The crape is then taken out, stretched evenly over a board covered with cloth, and pressed down upon it with a sponge dipped in white boiled starch. To Wash White Gauze. Place the gauze between 2 cloths together with some fine shavings of Venetian soap, put all in a tin dish, and pour lukewarm water over it; place a cloth folded double on top, load it down with a weight, and, when the water has become cold, pour it off and add lukewarm water, repeating this operation several times. Now let it stand over night under the pressure of the weight, then rinse the gauze several times with lukewarm water. The further treat ment and sulphuring is the same as given for silk crape. Fine Muslin, Linen, and Batiste are first soaked in soft water. Then boil and skim 1 pound of soap, ounce of alum, and 1 ounce of carbonate of potassium until a plastic mass is obtained, which is formed into cakes or balls. Apply this to the fabric, rubbing with the grain; then squeeze it and repeat the operation several times, and finally, to prevent adhering particles of soap from turning the fabric yellow, rinse several times in fresh water, putting a few drops of indigo solution in the last rinsing water. The fabric is then squeezed out, beaten between the hands, and then dried in the shade. To Wash Velvet. Boil, with constant stirring, 2 beef-galls with some soap and honey in a sufficient quantity of water. Place the velvet upon a clean damp board and freely apply the above mixture with a rag. Then wrap the velvet around a mangling roller and mangle it until the dirt has disappeared; then draw it through clean water, mangle again, and then hang up. When half dry moisten the velvet with isinglass dissolved in water, wrap it in a cloth, mangle it until dry, and raise the pile by rubbing with a cloth. Velvet, which has become hard and rough by rain or mud, is made soft in the following manner: Moisten the back of the velvet. Secure a hot iron with the flat smoothing part up and draw the moist velvet across it. The heat converts the water into steam which penetrates through the pile of the velvet and separates the tangled threads. To Wash Veils. White veils are washed in lukewarm soap water, gently wrung out, rinsed in cold water, blued, starched, beaten half dry between the hands, and then hung up to dry entirely. Black veils are immersed in warm water in which beef gall has been dissolved, then rinsed in cold water, and stiffened with gum water, beaten half dry between the hands, and then hung up until entirely dry. Silk and Silk Fabrics are best washed in tea water and rinsed clean in whiskey in which some sugar has been dissolved, mangled, and ironed while still moist; or they are washed in strong bran water | water which has stood over night, and to which some pulverized alum has then stiffened with gum-Arabic and been added; or by spreading the fabric fleabane seed, and mangled and upon a clean table, soaping it thor- ironed. Another method of washing oughly with a woollen rag, using luke- black taffeta as well as all other black warm water, and rubbing always in silk fabrics is by rubbing the fabric one direction. When the dirt is re- with a sponge dipped in beer, mintmoved the soap is washed off with a water, or whiskey, then mangling dry sponge dipped in cold water. After between two cloths, and finally ironthe other side of the fabric has been ing on the wrong side. cleansed in the same manner it is rinsed in cold water, spread out, and dried in the shade. The iron used for ironing should be but half warm, and paper be laid between the iron and the fabric. Embroidered Fabrics, or Muslin, Linen, etc., Woven with Gold should be soaked in cold water, so as to prevent a disarrangement of the threads; all rubbing and wringing must be strictly avoided. When this has been done make suds of lukewarm water and Venetian soap, place the embroideries in it, and squeeze them out. Then place them in fresh water and, after 4 hours, squeeze them out and let them dry. Then sew linen around the edges of each piece and stretch them in a frame for finishing. Silk Stockings are washed in warm water with good soap, and then rinsed in fresh water until all the soap has been removed. Then dissolve a piece of litmus as large as a hazel-nut in 1 quart of water and draw the stockings, turned outside in, several times through the solution. Then hold the stockings over sulphur burning in a pan filled with hot coals, and let the fumes pass through them. Then turn the stockings inside out, draw them upon frames, smooth them, while still moist, with a glass roller, and let them dry in the sun. To Wash Taffeta. White taffeta is soaked in soft water and then washed with wheat bran and Venetian soap. It is then rinsed, sulphured, and finally stiffened with gum tragacanth, fleabane seed, and Saxony blue, then mangled between two cloths and lightly brushed. By another method white taffeta is washed three times in a solution of 4 ounces of Venetian soap in 2 gallons of rain water prepared by boiling and cooling off to lukewarm. Black Taffeta is washed three times in a like solution of Venetian soap in To Polish Gold and Silver Lace. To restore gold lace, spangles, and buttons, which are worn so that the white ground shines through, treat 14 ounces of shellac and 12 grains each of dragon's-blood and turmeric root with strong alcohol, and decant the rubyred colored solution. The objects to be restored are then brushed over with some of the color by a camel's-hair brush, and then a hot flat-iron is passed over, so that the objects shall only be gently warmed. Gold embroidery is treated in the same manner. Detached gold knobs and buttons are fastened on a fork, brushed over with the gold lac, and then dried over red-hot coals with the above-mentioned precautions. Silver Lace or Embroidery is polished with a powder obtained as follows: Alabaster is strongly calcined and, while hot, placed in corn-whiskey. A white powder is obtained, which is dried over the flame of a spirit-lamp and placed in a linen bag. The lace is then dusted over with the powder and brushed with a velvet brush. To Wash Laces. Cover an ordinary wine bottle with fine flannel and stitch it firmly around the bottle, tack the outer edge of the lace to the flannel, rolling it smoothly around the bottle, then tack the inner edge smoothly down. Cover over the lace with a piece of very fine flannel or muslin, and rub the whole gently with clean suds made of Castile soap. If the lace is very much discolored, fill the bottle with hot water, place it upright in a sauce-pan of suds, and let it boil for a few minutes; then place the bottle under a running hydrant, to rinse the lace thoroughly. Make some starch about as thick as arrow-root for an invalid, melt in it a small quantity of white wax and a little loaf-sugar. Plunge the bottle 2 or 3 times in the starch, pressing out the excess with | 16 of crystallized soda, and 5 of potash. the hands; then dip the bottle into When all are dissolved add 2 parts of cold water, remove the outer covering cochineal and filter the solution. from the lace, fill the bottle with very Moisten the red woollen fabrics and hot water, and set it in the sun to dry. brush them with a hard brush, rubWhen nearly dry take it off the bot- bing always with the grain, until the tle carefully, pick it out with the dirt is removed, and then wash them in fingers and lay it in a cool place to pure water. dry. To Wash Point Lace. Fix the lace in a frame, draw it tight and straight, make a warm suds of Castile soap and apply it gently to the lace with a fine brush; when clean on one side wash the other in the same manner. Then rinse by throwing clean water on it in which some alum has been dissolved. Then make some thin starch, apply it to the wrong side of the lace, and, when dry, iron it on the same side, and pick it out with the fingers or a bodkin. To clean the lace, if not very dirty, without washing, fix it in the frame as above and go over it with fine bread-crumbs, and, when done, dust out the crumbs. To Whiten Lace. Iron the lace slightly, then fold it, and sew it in a clean linen bag, and place this for 24 hours in pure olive oil. Then boil the bag in a solution of soap and water for 15 minutes, rinse in lukewarm water, and finally dip in water containing a small quantity of starch. Then take the lace from the bag and dry it stretched on pins. To Cleanse Feathers. Take for every gallon of clean water 1 pound of quicklime, mix them well together, and when the undissolved lime is precipitated in a fine powder pour off the clear lime water for use. Put the feathers to be cleansed in another tub and add to them a quantity of the clear lime water sufficient to cover the feathers about 3 inches when well immersed and stirred about therein. The feathers when thoroughly moistened will sink down and should remain in the lime water 3 or 4 days, after which the foul liquor is drawn off, the feathers rinsed with clean water, and then dried. Cleansing and Rosing Salt, for Red Cloths which have become dirty or decolorized by use, is prepared as follows: Dissolve in 1000 parts by weight of water 32 parts by weight of sorrel salt, This renovator possesses all the qualities ascribed to it by the inventor; the effect is quick and complete, the red color regaining its originaĺ freshness and purity. The small quantity of cochineal in the mixture exerts but little influence and may just as well be left out. To Wash Genuine Pearls. Scatter salt over the pearls laid on a clean linen cloth, tie this together with a cord, and rinse in lukewarm water until all the salt is dissolved and washed out; then dry the pearls at an ordinary temperature. Dye-starch and Preparation and Use of Crimson Dye-starch. To dye white dresses Actus recommends a dye-starch of his invention, by means of which any lady can dye her dress with little expense and trouble. He gives the following directions for preparing crimson dye-starch and how to use it: Mix 3 parts of fuchsine into a thick paste with water, and dissolve in it 20 parts of glycerine by constant stirring, which will be done without the aid of alcohol as a solvent. When the fuchsine is dissolved, and the compound has assumed a uniform crimson color, add with constant stirring 150 parts of starch previously rubbed fine, spread the whole upon unsized paper, and dry in the air. To dye a dress after it has been washed prepare a small quantity of the dye-starch with boiling water in the same manner as ordinary starch, and starch with it the dress to be dyed. It is then dried, sprinkled, and ironed with a hot flatiron. Washing with Water-glass. This has been highly recommended of late and gives excellent results. Soak the clothes over night in a solution of 1 part of water-glass in 20 to 30 parts of water at 122° to 140° F. In the morning add hot water and manipulate the clothes with a stick, drain them off, which will remove nearly all the dirt, and a little rubbing with soap will complete the work. It is advisable to treat the clothes once more with a weak solution of waterglass (1 part to 50 of water of a temperature of 113° to 122° F.), and then to boil them in clean water. Clothes washed in this manner are brilliantly white, require no bleaching, and besides the process is considerably cheaper and takes less time than the ordinary one with soap and water. Colored woollen fabrics are washed in a solution of 1 part of water-glass in 50 of water of a temperature of 100° to 122° F. Palme's Process of Washing. Soak the clothes for 15 minutes in clean water. Dissolve 14 ounces of washing powder and 7 ounces of soap in 9 gallons of boiling water. In 1 gallons of this hot solution rinse the clothes wrung out from the clean water and wring out again. Then immerse them in 2 gallons of the solution mixed with 1 gallon of cold water, then in 4 gallons of the boiling-hot solution, and rinse in cold water. The washing powder used consists of 30 per cent. of borax, 65 per cent. of commercial soda, and 5 per cent. of wheat or corn-starch. New Wash Process. Boil 2 pounds of soap to a paste, dilute this with 6 gallons of water, add 1 table-spoonful of spirit of turpentine and 2 table-spoonfuls of ammonia, and beat the mixture thoroughly. The water must be as warm as the hand will bear. The dry clothes are then soaked in this for 2 hours previously to washing them. The tub containing them must be well covered. The suds can be again heated, and used once more by adding tablespoonful of spirit of turpentine and 1 table-spoonful of ammonia. To Wash Dresses of Fast-colored Silk. I. Mix 1 quart of liquid ammonia in 2 gallons of soft water with sufficient soap. Wash the dress thoroughly in this solution and rinse it in running water if possible. II. Rub the dress with yelk of egg and wash it in clean lukewarm water, rinse in cold water, and dry at an ordinary temperature. Soak for 12 hours ounce each of gum tragacanth and fleabane in water; then boil to a thin starch, through which draw the dress, and iron it between two cloths until dry. To Make Washed Silk Glossy. Dissolve 1 ounce of gum-Arabic in gallon of water, and add 2 table-spoonfuls of beef's gall and ounce of fleabane seed. Boil the whole for a quarter of an hour and, when cold, spread a thin coat of it on the silk with a sponge, and smooth with a linen cloth. To Restore the Color of Fabrics. Sponge the silk or woollen fabric with a solution of sal-ammoniac in half its quantity of water. Then with a piece of the same material rub the stains until they are dry, and the color will be restored. Boil To Wash Pearl Embroideries. 84 ounces of shavings of ordinary soap with 1 pound of beef's gall into a uniform mass, then add 1 ounce each of Venetian turpentine, honey, and pulverized sugar, stir together and boil for a few minutes. Pour this soap into a dish, and when dry cut it into cakes. To wash an embroidery, dissolve 23 much of the soap as required by boiling it in soft water, allow the solution to cool, and apply it with a sponge. To Bleach or Whiten Clothes which have turned Yellow. Soak the clothes in buttermilk, allowing them to remain for some time, coarser articles requiring a longer time than finer. Then wash with soap in tepid water, rinse in cold water and dry. Repeat the operation if the first application is not entirely successful. For very fine clothes the buttermilk must not be too sour. Clark's Wash for Carpets. Solution I. Dissolve 10 parts of soap in 20 of water, and add 34 parts of soda and each of liquid ammonia and spirit of wine. Solution II., which is the actual cleansing liquid, consists of 4 parts of liquid ammonia and 3 of alcohol diluted with water. The last solution is first used, and when the dirt loosened by it has been removed the soap solution is applied. Carpets thus treated regain their original colors in all their freshness, the entire operation of washing and drying a large carpet requiring but 2 hours, and the carpet need not be taken up. To Wash Straw and Chip Hats. Make |