Should the leather be very hard more wall-wort must be used.

This composition makes the leather water-proof, soft, and gives it almost incredible durability. The boots are first moistened with warm water and then thoroughly impregnated, especially the soles and seams, with this paste, and allowed to dry slowly either in the sun or near a stove. This is repeated at least every two weeks, although it is then sufficient to moisten only the soles and seams. Boots treated in this manner can be polished with ordinary blacking.

II. Melt in an earthenware pot over a moderate fire 6 parts of spermaceti, add 12 parts of caoutchouc cut up in strips, and when this is dissolved 12 parts of tallow, 4 of lard, and 8 of amber-varnish. Mix the whole intimately, and the compound is ready for use. Apply it twice or three times to the shoes with an ordinary blacking brush. It renders the leather water-proof and gives it a fine gloss.

To give to the Soles, after Scraping, a Smooth and Beautiful Appearance. Dissolve 1 part of stearine in 4 to 5 of benzine. Apply the solution to the soles, and, when dry, rub smooth with a linen rag.

Another solution well adapted for the same purpose is obtained by melting together 5 parts of stearine with 1 of white wax. Rub the soles, after scraping, with this compound, and smooth with a clean cloth.

For Hemlock Leather Soles the following mixture is used: Alcohol, saturated solution of sodium hyposulphite, and hydrochloric acid, equal parts.

To Prevent Boots and Shoes from Squeaking, rasp with a coarse rasp the outsole and insole, and every other piece of leather that is moved by the action of the foot. Then apply freely good wheat or rye paste. If this is well attended to from heel to toe, the boot or shoe will not squeak.

How to Make Water-proof Boots. For 3 pairs of boots cut 3 ounces of caoutchouc in small pieces, place them in a pot over a fire, and add oil of turpentine sufficient to form a stiff paste. Great care must be observed, as the mass ignites easily. By diluting the compound with 1 pint of boiled linseed

oil an ointment of the consistency of yolk of egg is obtained.

The uppers of a pair of boots are first soaked in a tub with hot water and brushed while in the water, until the pores are thoroughly opened and entirely free from lime. They are then shrunk, dried, and cut somewhat larger than the measure. The uppers are then greased with the compound, lined with soft leather consisting of 2 parts sewed together in the centre, and stretched over the last. The upper is then turned up and the lining brushed over with the water-proofing compound. The upper is then drawn over it and tacked. The peg-leather is filled out with leather and the inner sole burned in with pitch, care being had that the leather forms a close union with the pitch on all points. Finally the soles are sewed on. Boots thus made are entirely water-proof, so that, even if the sole is broken, water cannot penetrate; but in this case they should be halfsoled before the inner sole is injured.

SIZING AND DRESSING FOR COTTON, WOOL, STRAW, ETC.

Back's Improved Size and Dressing for Linen, Cotton, and Woollen Goods. The sizing of yarn and dressing the finished goods is well known to be one of the most difficult operations in the production of linen, cotton, and woollen goods. The greatest difficulty lies in the preparation of the size, which contains generally too much glue and mucous constituents, thus rendering the working of the yarn more difficult. For this reason we give here a peculiar method of preparing a size and dressing which, it is claimed, possesses all the qualities demanded.

1. Size. Boil 100 parts of ordinary peas in 400 parts of soft water, allow it to cool and then add 25 parts of the sticky buds of the balsam poplar and allow the whole to come once to a boil. The compound is then allowed to stand for 24 hours, and the supernatant clear fluid may then be used for sizing.

2. Dressing. This is prepared in the same manner, but the proportions are as follows: Water 600 parts, peas 50

parts, and buds of balsam poplar 25 | parts. Apply the fluid by means of a sponge to the plain or dyed goods, pile them up over each other for 36 hours, then stretch them in a frame and dry in the air. Size and dressing must be prepared fresh every time, as, by ex posure to the air, they become sour, and decompose in a short time.

Dressing and Size. The compound can be prepared in solid or fluid form, perfumed or not. To prepare it in fluid form take: Glycerine of 2° Beaumé 1000 parts, sodium carbonate and gelatine each 10 parts, alum and borax each o part. Mix intimately to a homogeneous fluid compound. To prepare it in solid form mix different proportions of gelatine, hog-fat soap, stearine, gumArabic, or gum tragacanth, with vary. ing proportions of borax, soda, and alum. To perfume the compound dissolve 1 part each of oil of peppermint and oil of lavender and 2 parts of camphor in 40 parts of alcohol, and add 1 part of the solution to the above-described fluid.

Eau de Crystall. This size consists of sulphate of magnesium, chloride of magnesium, and dextrine. The varieties found in commerce contain:

Glycerine and its Use in Sizing and Dressing. To load and oil the wool the following mixture is used: Rosin and aqua ammonia free from lime each 1 part by weight and water 10 parts by weight are mixed, filtered through a cloth, and half the quantity by weight of fat oil added, and then the whole quantity by weight of glycerine. This mixture is reduced half with water and used for oiling the wool. It is also much used as a solvent for aniline colors, being capable of dissolving a larger quantity of them and at a lower temperature than alcohol. Its power of dissolving albumen makes it especially adapted for calico-printing, Solutions

of albumen in glycerine keep for a long time and are not decomposed even at 158° F. We give in the following a few receipts for dressing with glycerine: I. For White Goods. 1. Water 20 parts, gelatine 6, glycerine 2.

2. Starch 2 parts, glycerine 3. 3. Kaolin 9 parts, sulphate of calcium 5, glycerine 2.

4. Kaolin 8 parts, dextrine 7, glyc erine 4.

A mixture brought into commerce under the name of "polyokoll” or “purmentine" consists of 100 parts of gelatine, 70 of dextrine, 20 of glycerine, and 21 of sulphate of zinc; or, grape sugar 10 parts, Epsom salts 15, glycer ine 5, saltpetre 11, dissolved in water, and diluted to 6° Beaumé.

For sizing the following mixtures are used: 1. Glycerine 12, dextrine 5, sulphate of aluminium 1, water 30.

2. Dissolve 5 parts of glue in 50 parts of boiling water. Pour the solution into 500 parts of glycerine of 20° Beaumé and add a solution of 5 parts of soda. An addition of a small quantity of carbolic acid prevents decompo sition of the mixture.

3. A compound glycerine sizing liquid is prepared from glycerine 100 parts, soda 1, gelatine 1, white starch 10, alum 1100, and borax 1100. The hardening of cotton yarns is also conveniently prevented by an immersion in a glycerine bath.

New Preparation, called Glutine, used for giving Gloss to Wall Papers, and as an Inspissation for Dyeing and Printing Purposes. Press caseine, generally known as curd, through rollers revolving towards each other, to free it from fluid, and convert into a coarse powder. Triturate the powder with 1 part of sodium tungstate, or pass the compound through the rollers to effectually crush the smallest particle of caseine, for as soon as the solution comes in contact with the caseine reaction begins and the compound be comes tough. Caseine containing much buttermilk is mixed with hydrochloric acid and water, and then repeatedly washed with water, until all acid reaction has ceased, when it is pressed out and treated as above. The caseine and soda solution are stirred in a boiler over a water-bath until the caseine is

To Prepare Putent Albumen add to 5000 parts of serum 12 parts of sulphuric acid mixed with 22 parts of concentrated acetic acid and 336 parts of water, and then add 14 parts of oil of turpentine and agitate for 1 hour. The whole is then allowed to stand quietly for 24 to 36 hours, when the clear serum is drawn off, neutralized with ammonia, and dried. Fifty thousand parts of serum give 5000 parts of dry blood albumen.

A second quality of albumen is prepared from the serum colored red by blood corpuscles and the sediment, and a third quality by lixiviating the blood with water. The remaining blood is comminuted and dried in sheet-iron pans at a temperature of 143° to 167° F.

Preparation of Dextrine. Dilute 4 parts of nitric acid of 36° to 40° Beaumé with 600 of water, and pour the mixture over 2000 parts of dry potato starch; mix thoroughly and dry. When the evaporation has progressed so far that the cakes can be easily broken crush them with a shovel and spread the starch upon the floor of the dryingroom in a layer to 1 inch deep. The temperature should be kept at 230° to 248° F., and the dextrine will be finished in 1 hours. It will remain white if not exposed to too high a temperature.

Process of Sizing all Kinds of Tissues with Alkaline Solutions of Silk, Wool, or Feathers. Dissolve fibres of silk, wool, or down in caustic soda, and apply the solution to the tissues, which are then washed in a bath of sulphuric acid and carefully rinsed. Tissues thus treated may be bleached and dyed.

This process is used for loading woollen and silk yarns and tissues with an alkaline solution of wool or silk, and eventually to improve defective qualities. Mixtures of alkaline solutions of silk and wool, silk and down, etc., may also be used for coating all kinds of textile fibres.

Size for Bobbinet. The bobbinet, after bleaching, dyeing, and drying, is

ing a temperature of 981° to 104° F., and coated several times with a cold size consisting of boiled starch and dextrine with an admixture of some gelatine or glue, until the desired degree of stiffness and gloss-the latter being produced by the temperature prevailing in the work-room-is obtained. The size is applied with brushes. Bobbinet thus prepared is equal to the English product. The size is boiled the day before, and cooled off to an ordinary temperature, say 68° F.

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Size for Cotton Yarns. An improved size for cotton yarns, patented by H. Wegmann, consists of tallow, soft soap, rosin, sulphate of iron, and onions. Boil the rosin, sulphate of iron, onions, and tallow until sufficiently liquid, and add the mass to the soft soap melted in a tank with steam and hot water. Mix the ingredients thoroughly with steam, and add them to the starch or flour with sufficient water to make the sizing of the desired consistency.

Size for Cotton and Woollen Yarns, especially for dark colors. Liquefy 100 parts of glue and 20 parts of glycerine in water on the water-bath, and then add 5 parts of potassium bichromate. The compound, by reason of becoming decomposed by light, must be kept in the dark.

Size for Cotton. I. Flour 1250 parts, tallow 5 parts, paraffine to 2 per cent.; or, flour 1250 parts and 5 to 10 per cent. of paraffine. Add a little alkaline carbonate to both compounds. The materials are mixed with water, heated, and thoroughly mixed together.

II. Glue 600 parts, dextrine 400 parts, sulphate of calcium 500 parts, glycerine 5000 parts, chloride of lime 5 parts, spermaceti 500 parts, stearine 200 parts, starch-syrup and starch each 500 parts, carbolic acid 5 parts, and caustic soda 10 parts are thoroughly mixed.

Dressing Cotton Prints. I. Prepare the following decoction: Water 137 parts, wheat flour 5 parts, potato starch 15 parts, wheat starch 5 parts, cocoanut oil part. The goods are starched with covered starching rollers, dried

over drums, and strongly but uniformly moistened, being wound up very tightly at the same time. They remain upon the rollers for 10 to 12 hours, when they are unwound, folded, and pressed. II. Mix part of pulverized gum tragacanth with spirit of wine and work it into a homogeneous compound, then digest this in 450 parts of water over a moderate fire, without allowing it to boil, until a liquid, slimy compound is formed, which is passed through a sieve. Now boil 150 parts of potato starch with about 1000 parts of water, and add to the boiling mixture 7 to 8 parts of alum previously dissolved in hot water. Then add the solution of gum tragacanth, stirring it in but not boiling it with the starch.

Glaze Dressing for Colored Cotton Goods. I. Glaze on Black. Weak liquor of logwood 1700 parts, potato starch 100 to 120 parts, wheat flour 50 to 60 parts, palm oil 10 parts, yellow wax and tallow each 5 parts. Compound the decoction with to part of potassium chromate, and then add solution of rosin 45 parts, and potato syrup 22 parts. Mix the whole thoroughly and

use hot.

II. Glaze on Black Goods when the Color is not sufficiently Deep and Dark. Logwood liquor, to which some extract is added, 1700 parts, potato starch 100 to 120 parts, wheat flour 50 to 60 parts, palm oil 10 parts, yellow wax and tallow each 5 parts, acetate of iron 133 parts, sulphate of iron and sulphate of copper each 2 parts. The decoction is compounded with to part of potassium chromate and 13 parts of bluestone, and 45 parts of a solution of rosin and 22 parts of potato syrup are finally added.

wheat flour 50 parts. When half-cold add 2 to 23 parts of tartaric acid, and fine the decoction with 137 to 140 parts of vinegar. Use fat, rosin, and syrup in the same proportions as for black.

Glaze on Rose-colored Muslin. Water 1700 parts, potato starch 100 to 120 parts, wheat flour 50 to 60 parts, white cocoanut oil 5 to 7 parts, white wax and stearine each 5 parts. Compound with 1 to 2 parts of tartaric acid dissolved in water, and 115 to 135 parts of good wine vinegar.

Size for Laces. Boil part of borax and 33 parts of shellac with 1000 parts of water. The solution may be thickened with starch, gelatine, or isinglass. One part of the above solution and 1 part of gelatine solution give a very good size. For white laces bleached shellac must, of course, be used.

Size for Linen. I. For Half-bleached Linen. Boil by introducing steam: Wheat starch 5 parts, potato starch 24 parts, Utrecht white 45 parts, light glue part, until 80 parts of size are obtained.

II. For Fine Holland Linen. Fine white wheat starch 100 parts, potato starch 25 parts, fine mineral white 12 parts, soap and stearine each 5 parts, white wax 1 parts, and crystallized soda part are boiled by introducing steam, and then colored slightly with ultramarine.

For Table Linen and Damask. Wheat starch 50 parts, potato starch 8 parts, white glue 5 parts, stearine and white wax each 21 parts, white soap 1 parts, and crystallized soda 12 parts, are boiled by introducing steam.

Dressing for Panama Hats. The following lacquer is highly recommended for the purpose: Alcohol of 95 per cent. 200 parts, sandarac 100 parts, and oil of turpentine 20 parts, are digested for 10 days. The hat is coated twice with this lacquer inside and out.

Glaze on Crimson Paper Muslin. Water 570 parts, liquor of Brazil wood 1700 parts, potato starch 100 parts,

net-frames is as follows: The bleached material is starched, then stretched in a frame and dusted while yet somewhat moist with fine starch flour by means of a hair sieve, so that the meshes re