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From our Watch-Tower.

WATCHWORDS FOR FEBRUARY

First Week.-I will arise and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and before thee, and am no more worthy to be called thy son: make me as one of thy hired servants.-Luke xv. 18, 19. Second Week.-Thou hast delivered my soul from death: wilt not thou deliver my feet from falling, that I may walk before God in the light of the living?-Psalın Ivi. 13. Third Week.-Commit thy way unto the Lord; trust also in him, and he shall bring it to pass.-Ps. xxxvii. 5. Fourth Week.-Father, I will that they also, whom thou hast given me, be with me where I am; that they may behold my glory which thou hast given me: for thou lovedst me before the foundation of the world.-John xvii. 24.

A PROPOSED BENEVOLENT LOTTERY.

WE have been saddened and alarmed by the fact that a proposal has been made by some intelligent, as well as benevolent, persons for a grand national lottery, with the view of raising some millions of pounds sterling for the relief of the ruined shareholders of the City of Glasgow Bank; and by the additional fact that this proposal has not only (as was natural) been grasped at by some or many shareholders in their desperation, but has called forth from other persons energetic pleas in favour of it, accompanied with angry denunciations of Christian men who have on grounds of principle opposed it. A schone that would conjoin men's self-interest with their benevolence in its support-nay, that would draw forth the money of the utterly selfish with that of the purely benevolent, for the relief of the terrible misery, would (it is thought) insure its own success, and that in a degree such as no purely benevolent or purely mercantile scheme could have: is it not, then, sanctimonious and cruel to oppose it for a mere scruple, especially seeing that the principle of it is already acted on in art-unions sanctioned by law, and in bazaars promoted by churches? Is not the principle acted on in all life and fire and ship insurances, and in every mercantile speculation? And is not the lot expressly sanctioned in Scripture? Surely this is not the occasion, then, on which to object to it.

We fain hope that on consideration the scheme will have been dropped before these words can reach our reader's eye: but we know not; for the temptation is very great: and we must not be neutral or silent.

The question is, Are lotteries morally wrong - yea or nay? Now even were we to concede that the question is not a purely moral but a mixed one, and that lotteries on a small scale are permissible because they are mingled with good elements which prevent them from doing appreciable moral or other mischief, we should still unhesitatingly say that when instituted on so immense a scale, and in a way to evoke the gambling spirit in all classes of the community, this would be attended with moral consequences -immediate and more remote-so evil, and would form so dangerous a precedent, that we ought at once to turn away from the thought of it. Commercial gambling has been the occasion of the disaster, and we are asked to resort to gambling by lot in order to remedy it. Surely such a remedy would be an aggrava tion of the disease. But we cannot make the concession. Lots are lawful, may be useful, and the use of them has sometimes been a high moral and religious duty: but lotteries-on whatever scale, small or great-are in our opinion always unlawful; and if churches, or friends of churches, have ever resorted to them, we hand them over to the censure of the world, not sorry that they should thus be taught to avoid even those beginnings of evil which the world is so delighted to imitate, "bettering the example."

What is the essential difference between the lawful and the unlawful lot? It seems to us to be this: -The lawful lot is used for the purpose of ending, or at least abating, an uncertainty with its evil consequences; the unlawful lot, for the purpose of creating an uncertainty with quite incalculable consequences. "The lot," says the Scripture, "is the end of all strife." When

it is uncertain who should possess something that can be possessed only by one, when there is no way of deciding the question, and a strife arises; to end this the lot is used with happy results. So as to insurances - life-insurance for example. The time of death is uncertain, and that uncertainty carries with it uncertainty as to the provision for a man's family in the event of his premature death. He ends this latter uncertainty by stipulating to pay an annual sum as long as God shall spare his life; he thus insures a certain provision for his family on his death. But in the lottery a man pays a certain sum for an altogether uncertain gain; he creates an uncertainty, with the feverish hopes it produces of a fortunate result-a state of mind wholly evil.

But is not the same the case in every mercantile adventure? No: there is an essential difference between legitimate mercantile adventure, and illegitimate mercantile speculation. In the first place, every legitimate mercantile transaction is (or should be) a gain to both parties in it; speculations which in their nature bring gain to one party by loss to others are in this like lotteries, and are illegitimate. And, secondly, a merchant's legitimate adventures are only those in which the probability of success exceeds that of loss; so that even if one or two of his adventures fail, he is (humanly speaking) sure of honest gain on an average of many adventures. But when he hazards his own means and those of his family (of his business correspondents too) on the mere chance of making an immense gain that will make him rich, this is gambling, bordering on dishonesty.

It is in vain therefore to appeal to such examples in defence of the suggested lottery. We trust the project will be abandoned; and that men will bend all their efforts to alleviate the calamity in more God-trusting ways. "He that walketh uprightly, walketh surely." "Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness." "Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness; and all these things-shall be added unto you."

When writing the above, we hoped the proposal would be abandoned before our time of going to press. On the contrary, it is said that strenuous efforts are being made to carry it out by an evasion of the law of the land. We are alarmed and ashamed for our country. No good can come of it: no good can ever be attained by doing evil, whatever men may think. Can those who desire to be relieved in this most questionable way expect a Divine blessing with it? And will benevolent persons weakly yield to plausible persuasions to do for the relief of others what they feel it would be wrong to do for themselves?! To offend God, and injure public morality from imagined compassion for others, is the very quixotism of benevolence falsely so called.

PERNICIOUS LITERATURE.

THE Earl of Shaftesbury has recently said: "There never was a time in the whole history of our country when the Colportage agency was so much needed. For many years past it has been the effort of the various religious denominations, and latterly of the school-boards, that all the children should be trained in the elements of education. The power, therefore, to read and write has been extended beyond the limit that we knew in our early days, and it is marvellous to what an extent you now find persons in all conditions of life, even among the poorest classes, who can read and write, and who are ready agents for mischief-and equally ready agents for good, if you can only direct them in the right way. And we know that this extension of education in the present day has created such an appetite for reading, that unless it can be gratified by means such as COLPORTAGE affords, it will surely be supplied at the hands of those who pander to profligacy and infidelity.

"I find, in a report of the Christian Colportage Association, a verification of the statements that I made some four or five years ago, of the tremendous evils that are being produced by the circulation of unwholesome literature through all classes of the country. I was considered at the time a 'croaker;' but whatever I am called, if I see a growing evil I must denounce it, and utter my word of warning. I then said there was not sufficient energy put forth to counteract all the mischief that was coming upon us, like a giant refreshed with wine.' Here, in this report, I find it said that the amount of crime that arises from this impure literature is something prodigious. Consult the chaplains of the different jails and they will tell you that a large proportion of their prisoners come there as the result of unwholesome literature. Look at the burglaries, the highway robberies,

and the acts of felony that are commited by lads whose minds have been completely turned and intoxicated by the literature that they have read. Look at that literature, and you will see that every form of vice and crime is represented in the most heroic attitude; it is indeed chivalrous to undertake these crimes, according to such prints. And then, recollect, you not only have the literature itself, but you have art and science brought to bear; for many of the cheap papers, full of the most wicked thoughts and unwliolesome counsels addressed to the young heart, are illustrated by engravings of the very highest order of excellence, which produce a greater effect through the eye than is produced by anything that merely passes through the intellect from the printed page.

"I am glad to find that the report makes this remark, and I would urge you to lay it seriously to heart, for it is truth itself, that recent legal proceedings have shown how the enemies of morality succeed, even in the face of the law, in circulating impure and pernicious publications.' I do not hesitate to say, from the reading of a vast number of these publications (a large collection having been put into my hands), that their tendency is most pernicious, and that the effect they are calculated to produce upon the young mind is most disastrous; but yet I am certain that they are drawn with so much astuteness, and skill, and power, that the cleverest lawyer who ever lived, or who ever shall live, will never be able to draft an act of parliament that will make them illegal, either in composition or in circulation.

"How, then, are you to meet this evil? There is no other means I know of than by the employment of such an agency as Colportage. I do not mean to say that in itself it is at all adequate to cope with the evil, for all these detestable and horrible publications are in accord with the natural depravity of the human heart; still, notwithstanding the many difficulties in the way, I cannot see that there is any other mode of dealing with it, and I an lost in astonishment that so much has been done in so short a time."

WHAT CAN BE DONE FOR NON-CHURCH-GOERS.

(From our London Correspondent.)

WHILE a large class of non-church-goers are practically beyond the reach of ordinary evangelistic agencies (last month we indicated how these might be got at), there is a large field quite accessible. Few have any idea how many devoted men and women are constantly engaged in evangelistic work in London. Yet though each special mission and each individual labourer steadily at work can tell probably of good accomplished in the conversion of sinners, and though in many outward respects there is a decided improvement, the great mass of the people have not been evangelized. Now it will not suffice to say, We must just labour on in faith and prayer, waiting for God's time to work; it is He alone that can give the blessing, comforting ourselves by misquoting Scripture to the effect that "Paul may plant, and Apollos inay water, but it is God that giveth the increase." Who has not heard the misquotation? But when we read as written: "I have planted, Apollos watered, but God gave the increase," we are compelled to ask, Is our husbandry according to the will of God? Is it the wisest and the best that we can use? If it were, would not the planting and the watering be accompanied or followed with the increase? We must be satisfied that we have been prayerfully using the best and the most likely means, before we dare to say that ours is the case of the husbandman who has long patience while he waits for the precious fruit of the earth."

Now we are assured that we have not in general been using the best or the wisest methods. For one thing, there is far too little organization and union among the many labourers in the field. But perhaps we may sum up what is most to be desired by saying, that there should be the bringing of church life to concentrate its energies on the work of evangelizing, and the bringing of those who are evangelized as speedily as possible into church fellowship. In every case where we find these two things supplied, we have abundant evidence of good accomplished. What is to hinder congregations from taking up a section each of the great field, while recognizing each other and agreeing to respect each other's field? We place almost equal importance on the bringing of those who are evangelized into church fellowship. It is a mistake to let them find their way into any churches they may have easiest access to. They rarely feel at home in these. They are attached to the place where the Lord found them, and to one another; so that if they are, without any undue delay, formed into a congregation and supplied with all

gospel ordinances, they become in turn the best evangelists in their own neighbourhood.

To show what a congregation can do:-The Rev. R. H. Lovell's congregation consists of between five and six hundred members, and is by no means a rich one. Under his presidency there is a "Christian Instruction Society," with between seventy and eighty visitors, to each of whom so many families are assigned to be visited weekly-generally, I believe, on the Sunday afternoon (two Bible-women being also engaged, and nurses to look after the sick with such help as the lady visitors can give). When these visitors first commenced work, the people said that though they might come for a few weeks, they would get tired of it as others had done. But they had been wisely chosen, and had engaged to stick to their work in the face of all opposition. This they have done; and now after years of labour they begin to see the fruit of it all. The people believe in them, and in the sincerity of their efforts for their good. There are in the district a good many of the disciples of Bradlaugh, the atheist; yet it is wonderful how the unfailing kindness of the visitors in cases of sickness and family affliction has broken down opposition. There is no indiscriminate charity given; but a large amount of material and pecuniary help has to be bestowed, for there is much mise y in the district, and frequent cases of what can receive no other name than that of actual starvation. When the steady kindly visiting of the district had begun to produce its natural results, and the people began to come to hear the preaching of the word in the church, it was found that they could not be gathered, as they were, along with the ordinary congregation, the state of their persons and clothing being such that no one could sit beside them; and, when it was attempted to have them assembled in the absence of the usual congregation, the tokens of their presence which they left behind were so numerous that the attempt had to be abandoned. This tells how low and degraded the class is from which these people are drawn. To meet this state of matters, it was resolved to build, beside the church, a large and commodious hall, in which to gather these poor people while they were in the intermediate state (for they soon rise in the social scale and improve in habits when they really come under the power of the truth). This hall, which has been made bright and attractive, cost £7770. It is seated with chairs of very white wood, so that the presence of what is obnoxious can be at once detected, and the chairs taken to a disinfecting room especially prepared for the purpose of destroying all such memorials. The average attendance at the services in the hall on a Sunday evening is between five and six hundred persons; and these are gradually being drafted off into the congregation, when received into membership on evidence of a saving change. This instance proves very strikingly the power of kindly sympathetic visitation, steadily persevered in, and of the gospel (when the people are thus induced to listen to it), to elevate the most degraded in our cities. If this can be done in such a locality, there is no part of London where a similar work may not be done. It gives a very cheering prospect, that many congregations in all the churches are girding themselves for this work.

New Books.

Carmina Regia, and other Songs of the Heart; by the Rev. Edward Charles Wrenford (London: Hodder & Stoughton).-These sacred poems breathe a spirit of faith, aspiration, and love. The literary merit is considerable, but varies; the author would in our opinion have done well to select the best of the pieces for publication. We have noticed The Shadow of the Cross," "Before the Cross," "In the Light," and a number of others, as very attractive.

Family Devotion, vol. ii.; by the Very Rev. Henry Law, M.A., Dean of Gloucester (London: James Nisbet). We noticed on its appearance the first volume of these brief devotional meditations on the Psalms, which we now welcome as completed. The terse, simple style, and the evangelical yet faithful spirit that characterizes all the works of the esteemed and now venerable servant of Christ, are so well known that we do not need to write anything in commendation of the present one. It will commend itself.

A Hidden One brought to Light; a memoir of Elizabeth Gow, written by herself, and edited by the Rev. J. J. Bonar, Greenock (Glasgow: Charles Glass).-This is an autobiographical record of the religious experience of a domestic servant in the last

century. The editor has done well to publish it; it is fitted to shame easy-going religionists into deeper and more earnest seeking after God; and to help true Christians who are in darkness into the light of God's salvation. We cannot quite endorse the editor's position that "assurance is just faith in its highest acting;" at least we must ask, Assurance of what?-but we do not care to quarrel with a verbal definition, where we are satisfied that in the main substance we agree; and again we thank him for the boon he has bestowed on us.

The Science of Missions; Part First, The Evangelistic Baptism; by the Rev. James Gall (Edinburgh: Gall & Inglis).—We announce this volume, but are afraid formally to review its contents without far more studious perusal than we have been able to give it. Important questions in theology, as well as in practical “evangelistic science," are here raised, and ably discussed whether or not the author has discovered the true answer to them, it would be offensive dogmatism to say, unless our dictum were accompanied with an elaborate examination. That we cannot attempt at present. But to the theologian, and the minister of the gospel, and others who are called to labour for the advancement of Christ's cause, we commend the book for study, because of its earnestness, ability, and practical suggestiveness.

Our Blue Jackets (London: Hodder & Stoughton).—The life and work of Miss Weston among our sailors form the subject of this interesting volume. We had known Miss Weston, as combining the faith of a Christian with high literary power, before she devoted herself to the welfare of our sailors by the issue of monthly letters and other efforts, and ultimately by the establishment of a "Sailor's Rest and Institute" at Devonport. This book is written by an eye-witness: we recommend it to the perusal of our readers, and Miss Weston's work to their sympathy and aid.

Thoughts and Experiences of a Charity Organizationship; by J. Hornsby Wright (London: William Hunt).-This book is as interesting as a romance, and a very strange one. Its object is to

Notices.

Literary communications, Books for review, &c., to be addressed to the Rev. WILLIAM TAYLOR, M. A., STIRLING.

Business Letters and Orders for the Publications, with Money Orders, TO BE ADDRESSED TO JOHN MAUFARLANE, MANAGER, DRUMMOND'S TRACT DEPOT, STIRLING, N.B., from whom specimens of the Publications, with Catalogue, may be had, It free,

illustrate by examples, as well as to enforce by argument, the folly, injuriousness, and criminality of off-handed undiscriminating charity; and in particular, to show, first, the necessity and duty lying on all charitable persons of making careful investigation into the ongoings of every applicant for aid, instead of yielding indolently and self-indulgently to the impulse of blind compassion, and relieving the pained feelings by instant giving; and, secondly, the insufficiency of individual investigation, however careful, in large cities like London, where imposture is so systematic and scientific that organization is necessary for the attainment of the end desired. Verily, there is a romance of begging, which makes it a very curious and puzzling subject, while at the same time a very painful and at times tragical one. We thank Mr. Wright for this book, as a valuable contribution to the solution of one of the most important and yet difficult of social problems; which, however, we do not feel that he has solved. Is there any universal solution? We suspect not. We shall probably return to the subject, with illustrations from this book.

TO OUR READERS.

WE have been requested to mention that a Bible Union for committing the Scriptures to memory in the French language was formed about two months ago, and has been welcomed by upwards of 300 persons who are daily proving the advantage of becoming more intimately acquainted with the Scriptures in a foreign language. This French Union has created a desire to have the same thing in German, and therefore it has been recently arranged to have corresponding subjects in German as well as French. Further particulars, with quarterly French card, may now be obtained on application by letter, inclosing two stamps, to Mrs. GIBBON, 12 Albyn Place, Aberdeen, and in the same way for a German card to Miss MURRAY GARTSHORE, Ravelston, Blackhall, Edinburgh.

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WE have received several small legacies bequeathed to the Enterprise, and have had intimation besides of others on their way. Price One Halfpenny, 3 copies for 1d., or 2s. 6d. We append a form of bequest, for the guider 100. 18 monthly, 6s. 1er annum; 36 cojis, 128., and upwards, sent post free. ance of other friends who may think of following so good an example:

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THE HALF CROWN PACKET, consisting of one British Messenger, one Gospel Trumpet, and oue Good News, monthly for one year for 2s. 6d., including postage.

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Brownlow North, B.A. Oxon, Records and
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Stuart, M.A., Moffat. With Photograph, 7 6
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Christ's Glorious Achievements,
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The Bible and the Newspaper,.
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The Royal Invitation; or, Daily Thoughts
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The Royal Commandments; or, Morning
Thoughts for the King's Servants,

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1. No Liberty to Perish. 16 pages, Gd. per dozen. 2. Dr. Doddridge's Dream. 8 pages, 4d. per dozen. 3. Lost Days. 8 pages, 4d. per dozen. 4. Wherefore Didst Thou Doubt? 16 pages, 6d. per dozen.

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8. Ten Minutes' Warning. By the late Rev. Thomas Guthrie, D.D. 32 pages, 18. per doz. "Herrings for Nothing! 16 pages,

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JOHN MACFARLANE, Manager,

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Miss Snodgrass,

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don,

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KELSO.

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Messrs. Lugton Porteous,

&

R. Brewin, Esq., Cirencester,

- 20 0

W. Craig, Esq., Stowarton,

50

J. Gifford, Esq.,

- 10 0

W. Brown, Esq,

Mrs. Ross,

-26

W. Clazy, Esq,

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J. Henderson, Esq.,

Mrs. Bonar,

- 2 6

W. Marshall, Esq.,

2 6

P. Robertson, Esq., JEDBURGH.

- 50 26 -26 3 0 26

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LEITH.

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9000

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20 0

HAWICK.

26

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J. Oliver, Esq.,

50

W. Muir, Esq. - 20 T. Aitken, Esq.,

0

M. Wilson, Esq.,

3 0

J. G. Strachan, Esq., Stroud,

Mrs C. Boyer, London,

8 6

20

0

W. Laing, Esq.,

5 0

Rev. T. N. Jackson,

J. F. Bloxham, Esq.,

Messrs. Warrack & Son, .

J. Brydon, Esq.,

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London,

20 0

W. Reddie, Esq.,

Miss W. Peckover,

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C.Grimm, Esq., Clare-
mont,

W. D. Fane, Esq.,
Derby,

Miss Elliot, Douglas, 2 6
G. Meakin, Esq.,
Stone,
E. R. W. Keighley,

P. M Keand, Esq., Bunessan,

H. C. Wells, Esq., Chelmsford,

Miss A Cumming, Cladich,

32

- 13 6

20

THE GRATUITOUS CIRCULATION of the British Messenger, Gospel Trumpet, Good News, and Tracts of the Stirling Tract Enterprise, since its commencement, amounts to more than 37 millions. The number in 1878 alone exceeded two millions. The Trustees are anxious to continue and greatly extend this gratuitous circulation, and they invite and would gladly welcome the contributions of Christian friends to enable them to do so. Many applications could be more adequately responded to did funds allow.

During the month ending 31st December, 1878, the following quantities were given gratuitously:360 26,787 British Messenger, £108

3 6 Col. W. Stuart. Sandy, 19 0 Miss Cross, Myerscough,

Mr. W. Davis, Myerscough,

20 5 0 0 11 Friends to the Cause, 20

Admiral Goldsmith,

4 8

27,340 Gospel Trumpet,...... 54 4 5 27,297 Good News, and 88,468 Tracts,

26

6 0

26

5 0

2 6

26

- 20 0

- 10 0

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London,

- 16 0

Son,

- 10

Messrs. J. Wishart & Son,

- 10 0

Messrs. Adam, Sons,

6 Rev. J. Thomson, J. Douglas, Esq., Rev. J. Johnston, Mrs. Dean,

- 2 6 26

J. M'Aulay, Esq.,

Pollokshields,

86

R. Heaton, Esq., Burslem,

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& Co.,

- 10 0

Miss Ewen,

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A. Dykes, Esq, Strathaven,

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9 6

R. Wright, Esq., 76 Messrs. Bell, Rannie, & Co..

J. Oliver, Esq.,

26

P. Reid, Esq., Glen

J. Somerville, Esq, Edinburgh,

5 0

J. Renwick, Esq., Small sum.

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7 6

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J. Black, juur., Esq., Leven,

J. Watt, Esq..

- 5 0

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J. Younger, Esq..
Messrs. Aitken &
Wright,

G. Ronaldson, Esq.,- 5 0
T. Stenhouse, Esq., -

50

R. Mowbray, Esq., 5 0 G. Cruickshanks, Esq, 2 6 A. H. Ritchie. Esq., 26 R. Brotchie, Esq.,, 26 Messrs. Braidwood & -50

Fowler,

W. Calder, Esq., W. Hope, Esq.,

(2 years),

PORTOBELLO. Mr. and Mrs. Tait, - 40 0 Dr. Balfour,

10 O

Miss M Kenzie Stuart, 2 6

A Curle, Esq.,
W. Slater, Esq.,
Mrs. Smith, senr.,
Miss Smith,
Rev. H. Stevenson,
Rev. Dr. Herdman,

50

50

MELROSE. James Curle, Esq, Mrs. Erskine, John Broad, Esq., - 50 Mrs. Smith,

gar,

2 6

5 0 50

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5 0

Kingstown,

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Mrs. J. Scott,

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J. O. N. Rutter, Esq., Brighton,

- 21 0

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Mrs. Cuthbert, Edin

burgh,

7 0

Mrs. Kidd, Hull,

2 6

26 26 Mrs. Ellis, Old Mel

5 0 Mr. J. Reid, Inchture, 2 6

1 2 £29,685 90 All applications for Grants, and 26 remittances of money for this object, to be made to JOHN MACFARLANE, Manager, Drummond's Tract Depot, MissWilkinson, Clith- Stirling, N.B.

as reported last month, 29,392

1 0

A Friend to the Cause, 18 6
T. A Amery, Esq.,
London, -

2 6 2 6 Mr. D. Smith, Glasgow, - 10 0 Miss Bredall, Plymouth, 2 6 Rev. F. Fitch, Cromer, 5 0 4 0 E. W. F.,

W. E. Malcolm, Esq.,
Langholm,

2 0

- 20 0 W. Todhunter, Esq., Douglas, 26 G. H. Mitchel!, Esq, St. Helens, - 70

Miss Hadow, London, 2 6

Miss Stanley, Clifton, 20 Mr. T. Clark, Woburn, 3 0

Published and sold by the Trustees acting under a Trust Dis; osition and Codicils relating to the Stirling Tract Enterprise granted by the now deceased PETER DRUMMOND, Seedsman, Stirling, proprietors in Trust; and all business communications are to be addressed to JOHN MACFARLANE, Tract Depot, Stirling, Manager of said Enterprise. Printed by WALTER GRAHAM BLACKIE (residing at No. 1 Belhaven Terrace, Parish of Govan at his Printing Office, Villafield, in the Parish of Barony

130 18 9

293 7 10

Amount of previous Grants

5 6

MARCH, 1879.-New Series, No. 3.

THE

PRICE ONE PENNY.

BRITISH MESSENGER.

Published Monthly by the Trustees of the late PETER DRUMMOND, at the

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no man gave unto him."-See page 37.

votes and influence they desired, by the gift of offices, pensions or sinecure salaries, by the promise of family favours, by the more subtle bait of titles of honour, by the promise of indemnity for defalcations in office, or by the threat of exposure and prosecution if political support was refused. There was at that time a generally low standard of political morality; "we might as well," says Lord Macaulay, "accuse the poor Lowland farmers who paid black-mail to Rob Roy, of corrupting the virtue of the Highlanders, as accuse Sir Robert Walpole of corrupting the virtue of parliament." Thus the statesman's experience

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