one generation to another. At our present stage of genetic knowledge, there is a rather wide range of admissible opinion on this subject. 40. In general, the total amount of radiation received by residents of the United States from all nuclear detonations to date, including the Russian and British tests and all of our own tests in the United States and the Pacific, has been about one-tenth of one roentgen. This is only about 1/100th of the average radiation exposure inevitably received from natural causes by a person during his or her reproductive lifetime. It is about the same as the exposure received from one chest X-ray. 41. The medical and biological advisers of the Atomic Energy Commission believe that the small amount of additional exposure of the general population of the United States from our nuclear weapons testing program will not seriously affect the genetic constitution of human beings. Nevertheless, we are continuing our thorough study of the entire question and will continue to report our findings to the American people. Summary 42. The Atomic Energy Commission hopes that the information on nuclear weapons effects contained in the foregoing report will never be reflected in human experience as the result of war. However, until the possibility of an atomic attack is eliminated by a workable international plan for general disarmament, the study and evaluation of weapons effects and civil defense protection measures must be a necessary duty of our government. 43. Inevitably, a certain element of risk is involved in the testing of nuclear weapons, just as there is some risk in manufacturing conventional explosives or in transporting inflammable substances such as oil or gasoline on our streets and highways. The degree of risk must be balanced against the great importance of the test programs to the security of the nation and of the free world. However, the degree of hazard can be evaluated with considerable accuracy and test conditions can be controlled to hold it to a minimum. None of the extensive data collected from all tests shows that residual radioactivity is being concentrated in dangerous amounts anywhere in the world outside the testing areas. 44. In the event of war involving the use of atomic weapons, the fall-out from large nuclear bombs exploded on or near the surface of the earth would create serious hazards to civilian populations in large areas outside the target zones. However, as mentioned in the foregoing report, there are many simple and highly effective precautionary measures which can be taken by individuals to reduce casualties to a minimum outside the immediate area of complete or near-complete destruction by blast and heat. Many of these protective measures, such as shelter and decontamination procedures have been detailed by the Federal Civil Defense Administration APPENDIX 8 UNITED STATES FIRMS AND ORGANIZATIONS TO BE REPRESENTED IN EXHIBITS AT GENEVA CONFERENCE Some 100 United States industrial and commercial firms, along with 50 academic, professional and private educational and research organizations, will be represented in exhibits at the International "Atoms-for-Peace" conference at Geneva, Aug. 8-20. Several commercial concerns will have displays in more than one of the exhibits. Eighty-three firms and organizations have contributed to the official United States technical exhibit at the Palais des Nations, site of the United Nations sponsored conference. Another 19 have furnished parts of a United States Information Agency "teaching" exhibit at Geneva's exposition hall. At least 22 industrial and commercial firms will show independently or under private auspices at an atomic "trade fair," also to be located at the downtown exposition hall. Fourteen commercial publishers and approximately 30 scientific, engineering, and other professional organizations will be represented in a display of more than 100 United States periodicals in the nuclear energy field. A 10-kilowatt operating research reactor of the "pool" type will highlight the United States official exhibit. In addition, there will be 10 scale models of power and research reactors operating or planned in the United States. Other displays in the technical exhibit will show medical, biological, agricultural, and industrial applications of atomic energy, including uses of radioisotopes; a simulated reactor control panel; examples of reactor fuel elements and reactor components; a demonstration of chemical separation techniques for atomic waste products; and radiation-measuring and other instruments. The displays are being assembled by Design and Production, Inc., Alexandria, Va. The exhibit will be supplemented by a technical reference library, containing several thousand AEC unclassified reports, a collection of technical books being contributed by American publishers, and the display of American scientific and technical journals. Limitations on space at the Palais building at the conference site resulted in a United Nations requirement that all exhibits there be sponsored by participating governments, be noncommercial in character, and be designed primarily for the delegates and technical experts attending the conference. However, UN authorities are encouraging national and commercial exhibits at the more spacious Exposition Palace in mid-city. Some exhibits provided by the Atomic Energy Commission will be placed there. So will the USIA popular "Atoms-for-Peace" exhibit, covering 15,000 square feet of floor space, which was recently shown in Germany and Austria. The atomic energy trade show at the downtown exposition hall is being sponsored by the Organizing Committee, First International Exhibition of the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy (1 Place du Lac, Geneva, Switzerland). Organizations contributing to the technical exhibit are: American Machine and Foundry Co., New York, N. Y. Anton Electronic Laboratory, Brooklyn, N. Y. Argonne Memorial Cancer Research Hospital, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, Ill. Atomic Instrument Co., Cambridge, Mass. The Brush Beryllium Co., Cleveland, Ohio Cambridge Instrument Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Consolidated Edison Co., New York, N. Y. Consolidated Engineering Corp., Pasadena, Calif. Consumers Public Power District of Nebraska, Columbus, Nebr. Crane Co., Chicago, Ill. The Detectron Corp., North Hollywood, Calif. Detroit Edison Company, Detroit, Mich. Allen B. DuMont Laboratories, Inc., Clifton, N. J. El-tronics Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. Engineers Syndicate Ltd., Hollywood, Calif. General Dynamics Corp., Groton, Conn. The Harshaw Chemical Co., Cleveland, Ohio Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, N. Mex. Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co., Philadelphia, Pa. National Radiac, Inc., Newark, N. J. New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Mass. Norden-Ketay Corp., New York, N. Y. North American Aviation, Inc., Downey, Calif. Nuclear Instrument and Chemical Corp., Chicago, Ill. Nuclear Metals Inc., Cambridge, Mass. Nuclear Research Corp., Philadelphia, Pa. Nuclear Research and Development, Inc., St. Louis, Mo. Nucleonic Company of America, Brooklyn, N. Y. Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Ohio State University, Department of Medicine, Columbus Ohio The Ohmart Corp., Cincinnati, Ohio Packard Instrument Co., LaGrange, Ill. Phillips Petroleum Co., Idaho Falls, Idaho. Pratt and Whitney, Division Niles-Bement-Bond Co., Hartford, Conn. Precision Radiation Instruments, Los Angeles, Calif. Radiation Counter Laboratories, Skokie, Ill. Radiation Industries Co., Brookhaven, N. Y. Radiation Instrument Development Laboratory, Chicago, Ill. Radio Corporation of America, Princeton, N. J. R-C Scientific Instruments Co., Inc., Playa Del Rey, Calif. Sherwin Instrument Co., New York, N. Y. Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, N. Y. Tracerlab, Inc., Boston, Mass. Union Carbide and Carbon Corp., New York, N. Y. United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D. C. United States Geological Survey United States Radium Corp., New York, N. Y. United States Weather Bureau University of California, Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif. American Machine and Foundry Co., New York City Boston Museum of Science, Boston, Mass. Central Research Laboratories, Redwing, Minn. Corning Glass Works, Corning, N. Y. El-Tronics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y. P. M. Lennard Co., Inc., Harrison, N. J. Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Albuquerque, N. Mex. Newport News (Va.) Shipbuilding and Drydock Co. Nuclear Instrument and Chemical Corp., Chicago, Ill. Penberthy Instrument Co., Seattle, Wash. Radiation Counter Laboratories, Skokie, Ill. Sylvania Electric Products, Inc., New York City Tracerlab, Inc., Boston, Mass. Westinghouse Air Brake Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Westinghouse Electric Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Firms that have so far taken space in the "trade fair" exhibit: Anton Electronic Laboratories, Brooklyn, N. Y. Atomic Development Mutual Fund, Inc., Washington, D. C. AVCO Manufacturing Corp. (Lycoming Division) Stratford, Conn. Bendix Aviation Corp., Detroit, Mich. Foster Wheeler Corp., New York City General Dynamics Corp., New York City General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y. High Voltage Engineering Corp., Cambridge, Mass. Walter Kidde Nuclear Laboratory, Garden City, Long Island, N. Y. Micro-Metallic Corp., Glen Cove, Long Island, N. Y. National Research Corp., Cambridge, Mass. Nuclear Development Associates, Inc., White Plains, N. Y. Nuclear Instrument Corp., Venice, Calif. Tracerlab, Boston, Mass. Union Carbide and Carbon Corp., New York City Vitro Corporation of America, New York City Westinghouse Electric Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Weston Electrical Instrument Corp., Newark, N. J. Periodicals which will be included in the display of technical literature Journal of Applied Physiology; American The American Physiological Society. Journal of Physiology. The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Central Society for Clinical Research Medicine. Bulletin of the Society of Economic Society of Economic Geologists and Geologists. the Economic Geology Publishing Company. |