We've had our local waters classified as to their best possible use although it is doubtful if any of our streams, rivers, or lakes, with few exceptions, meets its specified classification.

The end result of our 20-year water pollution fight has been a steady decline in the quality of our local waters.

One plus in our book is that the publicity involved in these pollution controversies has made more and more people aware of the existing problems.

It is really a simple problem-we cannot continue to load our waters. with waste matter far beyond the water's ability to purify itself. The answer to this problem is perhaps one of the most complex and vital dilemmas facing this Nation today. We cannot continue to let our waters deteriorate, and the sooner some specific action is taken the sooner abatement will occur. Delay only compounds the difficulties. It will be an expensive, perhaps not too popular, undertaking, but it must be done.

Twenty-five years ago it was inconceivable that man in his day-today struggle for advancement and improvement could succeed in grossly polluting one of these immense bodies of water known as the Great Lakes and yet this has happened to one of them and the time is rapidly approaching when all of them will be seriously affected. We've had advance warning of it in Lake Ontario with increased undesirable vegetation growth, unsightly conditions, and declining fisheries.

It seems to me to be very shortsighted to have to wait until a pollution-caused disaster occurs before any action is taken on abatement programs, but perhaps this is what is needed to overcome the apathy on the part of various pollution control agencies and a vast number of our citizens.

I think one of the chief aims of people involved in conservation activities is to leave this world of ours in as good as or perhaps a little better condition than we found it and to pass this heritage on to future generations. Water pollution control is perhaps the most significant field in which we can make improvements and pass on what we in this generation have enjoyed-pure waters, good fishing, and plenty of opportunity for various forms of aquatic enjoyment.

It is within the scope of this subcommittee to initiate and expedite a sound, comprehensive program of water pollution abatement and it is my sincere hope that such action will not be long in coming. Thank you.

Mr. HORTON (presiding). Mr. Nelson, thank you very much for your statement and for appearing before the subcommittee. I want to take this occasion to not only express my appreciation to you as the president of this organization, but to ask you to express the appreciation of the subcommittee to the Monroe County Conservation Council.

We found in our hearings across the country that the conservation councils have been very helpful in bringing to the attention of the public the problems of pollution, and we found also that they have been very helpful in trying to alert the citizenry to assist local governments, the State governments and the National Government in these programs to clean up water. I know that in hearings across the country, we have had people representing the conservation councils and the conservation leagues testify that they feel it is important that all

levels of government assist in these programs, and they have done a lot to help the governments understand the problem and also to finance the problem.

I thought perhaps you might have something that you would like to say with regard to this-that is, the financing of these programs. They are expensive, and the people in the communities have to understand this, and perhaps you might say something about this.

Mr. NELSON. Well, given the money the Federal Government is spending in certain fields, it seems that some relief could be given communities for a pollution abatement program from Federal moneys. That is my personal opinion.

Mr. HORTON. In other words, it is your opinion that the investment. of Federal funds and State funds and local funds is in a worthy cause. Mr. NELSON. Very definitely.

Mr. HORTON. You support that, and I am sure your members would.

Mr. NELSON. Most active conservationists would.

Mr. HORTON. Mr. Roush?

Mr. ROUSH. I have no questions.

Mr. HORTON. Mr. Erlenborn?

Mr. ERLENBORN. No questions.

Mr. HORTON. Thank you.

Mr. NELSON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. HORTON. The next witness is Mr. Phil T. Elliott, manager of Eastman Kodak Co.

STATEMENT OF P. T. ELLIOTT, MANAGER, ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE, AND UTILITIES ORGANIZATION, KODAK PARK WORKS, EASTMAN KODAK CO.

Mr. ELLIOTT. Frank, I just received a promotion, but I assume the prepared statement would be correct in that connection.

Mr. HORTON. They had you down here as manager, but it looks as though you have a longer title.

Mr. ELLIOTT. That is right.

This is a statement in behalf of the Eastman Kodak Co.

The hearing, as we understand it, is intended to obtain information on pollution of Lake Ontario and on discharges into the lake. We have not investigated the condition of the lake and we are not able to offer factual information on pollution of the lake.

The Eastman Kodak Co. has its corporate headquarters and two major operating divisions in Rochester. The effluents from the corporate headquarters and the effluents from the apparatus and optical division, with the exception of a small amount of uncontaminated cooling water, are discharged to the city of Rochester sanitary sewer system. To our knowledge, these effluents have not induced any operating problems for the community's sewage treatment plant. The Kodak Park works, the second major division of the company, has a separate sewer system for sanitary sewage. All sanitary sewage is thus conveyed to the city sanitary sewer system for eventual treatment at the city treatment plant.

A separate industrial waste water sewer system collects an average of 23 million gallons per day of industrial waste water with peaks up to 35 million gallons per day. That waste water receives primary

treatment at the Kodak Park waste treatment plant located at the Genesee River just north of Veteran's Memorial Bridge.

(A flow diagram of the Kodak Park waste treatment plant follows:)

Mr. ELLIOTT. A secondary, biological oxidation plant is now being designed for this location and is to be completed by 1970. That plant construction will result in trebling the investment the company has already made in industrial waste water treatment facilities. Correspondence between Mr. N. F. Beach, vice president and assistant general manager, Kodak Park works, and the New York State Department of Health, and our announcement relative to this plant are attached.

Mr. HORTON. Without objection, the letter will be included in the testimony.

(The material referred to follows:)

EASTMAN KODAK Co.,
KODAK PARK WORKS,
November 8, 1965.

Mr. DEWAYNE DAY,
Project Engineer,

New York State Department of Health, Rochester, N. Y.

DEAR MR. DAY: Mr. Steinfeldt has discussed your letter of October 6, 1965, regarding waste treatment with me. Quite frankly, we are pleased to receive your letter requesting confirmation of our plans for secondary treatment of industrial waste waters. Because we so wholeheartedly endorse New York State's program for pure waters, we are pleased to advise you of our own plans for additional treatment to conform to the program.

Our plans at this time are broad, rather than detailed. We have already determined that the effluent from our primary waste treatment plant is amenable to the two common biochemical oxidation processes of secondary treatmentthe trickling filter and the activated sludge processes. We consider the trickling filter process to be a more stable process and to produce a consistently highgrade effluent. We recognize that the activated sludge process may, under optimum conditions, be slightly more effective in biochemical oxygen demand removal. However, our pilot plant experiments indicated that the latter process was not as stable and that the high efficiency could not be maintained throughout the day and week. Consequently, we are planning the construction of a tricklingfilter type secondary treatment plant.

We are now operating a 21-foot diameter, stone-packed, trickling filter to determine the benefits of varying degrees of recirculation, ventilation, etc. We

are also operating a 3-foot diameter, plastic-medium-packed (Surfpac TM), towertype, trickling filter. We expect to determine the comparative advantages of the two media and the factors for optimum design. We expect to have sufficient data to begin design in late spring 1966.

We are proposing to build the secondary treatment plant in three equally sized sections, such that a unit may temporarily be shut down for maintenance without seriously impairing overall plant performance. We would prefer to build the first of those sections before building the remaining sections. We expect that operation may show process improvements which could then be incorporated in the latter two units.

Our schedule is approximately as follows:

Begin design..........

Begin construction to the extent permitted by incomplete designs..
Complete construction of the 1st of 3 trickling filter units...!
Begin construction of the 2d and 3d trickling filter units..
Complete construction__.

Spring 1966.
Fall 1966.
June 1968.
Fall 1968.
June 1970.

We would appreciate your comments on this schedule. We recognize that the engineering plans, designs, and specifications must be approved by the Monroe County Department of Health and the New York State Department of Health, and that our present permit to discharge to the Genesee River will have to be amended to reflect the addition of a secondary treatment plant.

Very truly yours,

Mr. N. F. BEACH.

Vice President and Assistant General Manager,
Kodak Park Works, Eastman Kodak Co.,
Rochester, N.Y.

DEAR MR. BEACH: We wish to thank you for your letter of November 8 outlining the program plan for providing secondary treatment for the industrial wastes from Eastman Kodak.

We are forwarding your letter to our central office in Albany for their information and comments. The letter is being sent to Mr. Robert Hennigan, director of the bureau of water resources services, division of environmental sanitation, New York State Health Department.

We have been very pleased with the cooperation given to this department by Mr. Steinfeldt and your company in carrying out our responsibilities in the area of water pollution.

Very truly yours,

DEWAYNE DAY, Project Engineer.

STATE OF NEw York,
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
Albany, December 22, 1965.

DEAR MR. BEACH: This is to acknowledge and to thank you for your letter of November 8, 1965, to Mr. Day outlining the Eastman Kodak Co.'s plans for providing secondary treatment.

The schedule as outlined falls within the spirit and sense of the pure waters program.

Your company is to be complimented for its progressive and cooperative attitude in this vital matter.

Sincerely yours,

IRVING GROSSMAN, P.E. Chief, Water Pollution Control Section.

KODAK PARK WORKS PLANS ADDITIONAL TREATMENT PLANT FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTES, JULY 22, 1966

Eastman Kodak Co. announced today plans for the construction of an additional treatment facility to improve further the quality of industrial waste water discharged by Kodak Park Works into the Genesee River.

The new treatment plant, which will cost several million dollars, will be for secondary treatment of Kodak Park effluent.

Design of the plant, now underway by Kodak Park engineers, will enable the new facility to handle up to 50 million gallons of water a day. The design is based upon laboratory and pilot-plant studies that have been in progress at Kodak Park for the past 10 years.

The new treatment facility will cover several acres and will be located north of Kodak Park's present primary purification plant which began operations in 1957 on the west bank of the Genesee north of Veteran's Memorial Bridge.

Construction is expected to begin in 1967 with completion scheduled for 1970. The treatment plant will have three units, each consisting of a trickling filter, an underground tank, and final clarifiers. The first unit is scheduled to go into operation in 1968, the second in 1969, and the third in 1970.

The treatment facility will provide for chemical neutralization, two stages of biological oxidation, and supplemental clarification of waste water from Kodak Park manufacturing processes. In effect, the plant will duplicate and accelerate nature's method of purifying the river.

"Our proposed capital expenditure for additional waste-water treatment facilities is further indication of the continuing interest and concern of the Kodak Co. in improving the quality of the water discharged by Kodak Park into the Genesee River," said Clarence Wynd, Eastman Kodak vice president and general manager of Kodak Park.

The secondary treatment plant is designed to remove quantities of dissolved material from Kodak Park industrial waste water, thereby substantially reducing the oxygen demand of Kodak Park effluent. The water discharged into the river will be clear to the eye.

The Kodak Park treatment plant handles only industrial waste. waste is piped into the city of Rochester sewage disposal system.

Sanitary

Each trickling filter unit of the Kodak Park treatment plant will have an area of approximately one acre and will be about 20 feet high. Wastes will be removed as the water, pumped from the existing primary treatment plant, falls through a plastic material packed in the filter unit.

The water then drops into an underground tank about the same size as the trickling filter unit. Here a second step of biological oxidation occurs through a process in which a culture of activated microorganisms eliminates additional oxygen-consuming materials. The microorganisms are settled out for later disposition.

The waste water then goes through a final clarification by sedimentation. After this final treatment, the purified water flows through pipes into the river below the surface of the water.

Mr. ELLIOTT. In addition to treatment facilities, extensive in-plant controls have been developed to prevent any hazardous release of toxic materials. Our production processes have been designed to prevent pollution wherever possible.

The Kodak Park plant water supply is drawn from Lake Ontario and an efficient water treatment is able to supply a high-quality water for plant purposes and a water which, by addition of chlorine, would be suitable for drinking.

In conclusion, we would assure you that the policy of the Eastman Kodak Co. is to be a good corporate citizen, to cooperate with the public and with all officers of government to comply with all pollution control regulations, and to eliminate pollution to the maximum practical extent.

Mr. HORTON. Thank you, Phil, for that statement.

Mr. ELLIOTT. Thank you, sir.

Mr. HORTON. Do you have any knowledge of the amount Eastman Kodak has spent in the last 5 or 10 years for sewage treatment or