1955

The Armed Forces of the United States are stationed throughout the globe in defending freedom's ramparts. The United States is the center of international trade with everincreasing exports and imports. Myriads of problems have arisen in connection with issues which commenced during World War II, notably in relation to the trading-withthe-enemy law.

And in many other connections the United States Government will be aided by the legislation which is being offered today.

PROBLEM IN SECURITY CASES

I cite one particular instance.

It arises in connection with loyalty and security cases. Sometimes testimony of witnesses living abroad and involved in such cases cannot be secured because they are unwilling witnesses and cannot be forced to testify abroad.

Sometimes, however, they are willing witnesses, but local law does not permit their examination by representatives of our Government.

I cite this instance as one of many such problems. I had first publicly focused attention on this type of dilemma in connection with a study of loopholes in our Nation's security laws. This study, entitled "Adequacy of United States Laws With Respect to Offenses Against National Security," was prepared at my direction in cooperation with the Library of Congress. It was issued by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee during the 83d Congress under my chairmanship.

And so we see how this new Commission and Advisory Committee can help serve the needs of our Federal Government.

We as a nation have obviously advanced so rapidly to the fore that only now are we catching up by devising procedural ways and means of fulfilling our increased global responsibilities.

I am informed, incidentally, that, out of all of the countries in the free world, the United States is the only important nation which has never executed any international agreement with any other country in connection with these problems of international Judicial assistance.

BASIC TYPES OF PROBLEMS

The procedural problems confronting us are many, and they are dificult. First, there must be a reconciliation between the AngloAmerican common law procedural system and the system of civil law, the law is Islam, and the laws of the Far East.

Secondly, problems raised by our Federal system and the sovereign jurisdiction of our State courts must also be solved.

For this to be achieved, the Attorney General and the Secretary of State have rightly proposed that the problems be tackled by the Federal Government at the highest level.

So, the Commission under this bill will consist of representatives of the Department of Justice and the Department of State. The advisory committee of attorneys, judges, and legal scholars will be appointed to assist the Commission. There is ample precedent in this technique, it having worked successfully in drafting the Federal rules of civil and of criminal procedure.

COMMISSION ADVISORY IN NATURE And finally lest there be any misinterpretation whatsoever, let me point out quite emphatically that this Commission has, of course, no power whatsoever to reach any binding conclusions, nor to negotiate any treatles, nor to negotiate any international agreement. Its function is basically to advise how best these dificult problems can be solved for the highest interests of our country and its citizens.

CONCLUSION

I trust, therefore, that this legislation will be promptly acted upon by the Senate and ilouse Judiciary Committees and thereafter

ACT OF 1949, AS AMENDED, RELAT-
ING TO PRICE SUPPORT FOR
WHEY

Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I send to the desk a bill to assure price support of whey.

I may say for the benefit of those who are not familiar with this product, that whey is the liquid remaining after the coagulation of the curd in the manufacture of cheese. One hundred pounds of whole milk becomes roughly 90 pounds of whey and 10 pounds of cheese.

The 90 pounds of whey, which remain following the production of cheese, bear the same sort of relation to whole milk as do the 90 pounds of skim milk, which remain after skimming off the .cream in the production of butter. Thus, when cream is skimmed for manufacturing butter, 100 pounds of whole milk becomes roughly 10 pounds of cream and 90 pounds of skim milk.

Skim milk is dried into a powder which is known as dry skim milk, or when certain standards are met, nonfat dried milk solids. Whey is also dried into a product known as dried whey. Both skim milk and whey in dry form are used in animal feed. However, the quantity of skim milk used in animal feed is about 2 percent of the total quantity produced. By contrast, the quantity of dried whey used in animal feed is about 90 percent of the total quantity produced.

The price of nonfat dried milk solids is supported under the price-support program by Government purchase. However, the price of dried whey is not supported.

I introduce the bill, for appropriate reference, together with one of many recent messages which have come to my office asking for enactment of this bill, an objective which I previously sought through the introduction of a bill in the last Congress on April 8, 1954. I ask unanimous consent that the bill and letter be printed in the RECORD, at this point.

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will be received and appropriately referred; and, without objection, the bill and letter will be printed

in the RECORD.

The bill (S. 1607) to amend section 201 (c) of the Agricultural Act of 1919, as amended by the Agricultural Act of 1954, introduced by Mr. WILEY, was received, read twice by its title, referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, and ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

Be it enacted, etc., That section 201 (c) of the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended by the Agricultural Act of 1954 (7 U. S. C., sec. 1446 (c)), is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new sentences: "For the purposes of this section, the products of whey shall be considered to be products of milk. Any price-support operations under this program shall be conducted in a manner which will not demoralize or interfere with the production and marketing of the products of whey."

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The letter presented by Mr. WILEY is as follows:

WISCONSIN ACCREDITED CHEESE

FACTORIES COOPERATIVE, Green Bay, Wis., March 29, 1955. Senator ALEXANDER WILEY.

GENTLEMEN: Owing to the fact that dried or condensed whey products are not under the support program but should be considered part of the dairy industry many cheese factories are unable to dispose of their liquid whey.

This will result in a reduced income to farmers, and will result in a serious whey disposal because the health and conservation departments of the State of Wisconsin are determined that it cannot be disposed of in any streams or in ditches along highways.

Our group of cheese factories would appreciate whatever you can do for us to eliminate this problem by some support for whey products.

Yours very truly,

WISCONSIN ACCREDITED CHEESE FACTORIES,

E. J. SCRAT, Secretary-Treasurer.

DEFINITION OF CERTAIN
DRY MILK SOLIDS

Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I introduce for appropriate reference, a bill to amend the act of Congress defining nonfat dry milk, in order to elarify the name of this milk byproduct.

The amendment I propose to the law would change the name from "nonfat dry milk solids" or "defatted milk solids," as in the existing law, to "nonfat dry milk."

My objective in seeking this change is to encourage efforts to stimulate popular consumption of this nourishing product, which is providing an ever-increasing outlet for our milk and holds promise of becoming an even more important market.

In the years since the enactment of Public Law 244 of the 78th Congress, containing the present definitions, it has been found that the term "defatted milk

solids" offered as an alternative designation is not being used.

The use of the word "solids" is redundant when it is a part of a name which also includes the word "dry."

The word "solids" is not generally understood by consumers, and is therefore confusing when found on the label of a food which requires ingredient labeling.

At the time the original designation was made, the market for nonfat dry milk was almost entirely within commercial trade circles such as among bakers. Now, however, this product is on the shelves of nearly every supermarket, and an effort is being made to expand its use in our homes. Both the Dry Milk Institute and the National Federation of Milk Producers feel it would help marketing of this product if it could be legally labeled as "nonfat dry milk," without use of the extra word "solids."

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will be received, and appropriately referred.

The bill (S. 1614) to amend "An act to fix a reasonable definition and standard of identity of certain dry milk

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solids," title 21, United States Code, section 321c, introduced by Mr. HUMPHREY, was received, read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare.

DEDICATION OF LEE MANSION IN ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY AS A PERMANENT MEMORIAL TO ROBERT E. LEE

Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. President, I introduce, for appropriate reference, a joint resolution dedicating the Lee Mansion in Arlington National Cemetery as a permanent memorial to Robert E. Lee. This is a companion joint resolution to the one introduced in the House of Representatives by Representative BROYHILL, of Virginia, paying honor and tribute to the memory of Robert E. Lee on the 90th anniversary of the cessation of hostilities in the War Between the States, at Appomatox Courthouse.

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The joint resolution will be received and appropriately referred.

The joint resolution (S. J. Res. 62) dedicating the Lee Mansion in Arlington National Cemetery as a permanent memorial to Robert E. Lee, introduced by Mr. KEFAUVER, was received, read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration.

COMMISSION FOR CELEBRATION OF 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF BIRTH OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT

Mr. IVES. Mr. President, I introduce, for appropriate reference, a joint resolution to establish a commission for the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Theodore Roosevelt. A companion measure is being submitted to the House of Representatives by the distinguished minority leader, Representative JOSEPH W. MARTIN, JR.

It is incumbent upon the Congress to take appropriate steps to mark the 100th anniversary of the birth of this great American leader, which will take place in 1958. The Commission which would be established under the joint resolution is directed to prepare plans and a program to signalize this event, including plans for the completion of the development of Theodore Roosevelt Island in the Potomac River. The Commission is required to report to the Congress by March 1; 1956, to permit further enabling legislation to be enacted if necessary.

Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the body of the RECORD following my remarks the text of the joint resolution.

The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The joint resolution will be received and appropriately referred; and, without objection, will be printed in the RECORD.

The joint resolution (S. J. Res. 63) to establish a commission for the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Theodore Roosevelt, introduced by Mr. IVES, was received, read twice by its title, referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

Resolved, etc., That there is hereby estabIshed a commission to be known as the

SEC. 2. It shall be the duty of the Commission, after announcement to the American people of its creation and purpose, to prepare plans and a program for signalizing the 100th anniversary of the birth of Theodore Roosevelt in the year 1958, including plans for the completion of the development of Theodore Roosevelt Island in the Potomac River in accordance with the act entitled "An act to establish a memorial to Theodore Roosevelt in the National Capital," approved May 21, 1932 (47 Stat. 163) as amended by the act approved February 11, 1933 (47 Stat. 799). In preparing such plans and program, the Commission shall give due conLideration to any plan which may be submitted to it, and shall take such steps as may be necessary to coordinate and correlate its plans with those prepared by State or civic bodies. If the participation of other nations in the commemoration is deemed advisable, the Commission may communicate to that end with the governments of such nations through the State Department.

SEC. 3. (a) The Commission shall select a Chairman and a Vice Chairman from among its members, and may employ, without regard to the civil-service laws or the ClassiAcation Act of 1949, such employees as may be necessary in carrying out its functions.

(b) Service of an individual as a member of the Commission shall not be considered as service or employment bringing such individual within the provisions of section 216, 281, 283, 284, 434, or 1914 of title 18 of the United States Code, or section 190 of the Revised Statutes (5 U. S. C. 99), or section 412 of the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949 (22 U. S. C. 1584); nor shall any member of the Commission by reason of his status as such be deemed to be an "officer of the Government" within the meaning of the Act of April 27, 1916 (5 U. S. C. 101).

SEC. 4. The Commissioners shall serve without compensation, but may be reimbursed for expenses incurred by them in carrying out the duties of the Commission.

SEC. 5. When the Commission has approved a plan of celebration, it shall submit it, insofar as it relates to the fine arts, to the Commission of Fine Arts for its

approval.

SEC. 6. The Commission shall, on or before March 1, 1956, make a report to the Congress in order that further enabling legislation may be enacted.

SEC. 7. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this joint resolution, but in no event shall the sums hereby authorized to be appropriated exceed a total of $10,000.

SEC. 8. The Commission shall expire upon the completion of its duties, but in no event later than October 27, 1959.

WORLD FOOD BANK AND THE INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF

FOOD

Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, on behalf of myself and the able Senator from Montana (Mr. MURRAY] I submit, for appropriate reference, 8 resolution which declares that it is the sense of the Senate that the President of the United States should negotiate with other naLions in an endeavor to establish an in

I also have joined with the Senator from Montana and other Senators in the submission of another resolution, which Ideals with the overall problem of gearing together production and consumption, through the vehicle or mechanics of international distribution. There is no basic conflict between the two resolutions; only the emphasis and approach are different.

To my mind, Mr. President, no more effective weapon could be forged for use in the battle against the insidious assaults of international communism than the creation of a World Food Bank with facilities for lessening the pangs of hunger that gnaw in the stomachs of hundreds of millions of people.

All the evidence points to the inescapable conclusion that international communism sprouts quicker, and grows faster, in lands where hunger stalks and the shadow of starvation is the companion of the masses.

We have learned-all the world has leaned that an international bank, conceived and operated along democratic lines, can and will operate successfully for the mutual benefit of all participating nations. I refer directly and specifically to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

This institution for the betterment of mankind and for the promotion of peace and amity among nations grew out of the Bretton Woods Conference held in July of 1944. Its creation and the building of the machinery for its successful operation constitute a major accomplishment of the Democratic Party, but I hasten to add that bipartisan support was not lacking.

Today, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development has 56 members, and its balance sheet-the measure of the peaceful services it is rendering in a world torn with strifetells a graphic story of what nations can accomplish when they work together toward a common goal.

Mr. President, I wish at this point to draw particular attention to the fact that the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is not a charitable organization engaged in a giveaway program, just as the World Food Bank proposed by this resolution will not operate as a giveaway institution.

No; the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development definitely is not a charity or giveaway organization as is shown by the fact that its net income for the 9-month period ended March 31, 1954, was $15,006,000.

The World Food Bank, as proposed by this resolution, will serve as a medium of distribution for the effective and businesslike disposal and utilization of so-called surplus food, fiber, and other agricultural products which have or may accumulate or be needed in this and other participating nations. And, I submit, sir, that in view of the fact that it is costing the American taxpayer in excess of half a million dollars a day in warehouse and storage fees alone to carry our excess stocks, it is high time that something be done to put these