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In winter you may reade them, ad ignem, by the fireside; and in summer, ad umbram, under some shadie tree; and therewith pass away the tedious howres." 5 ARTICLES AND BOOK-REVIEWS. PAGE 6 6 7 8 9 9 10 12 13 14° 14 15 16 17 19 20 22 26 27 No. I. vious to this Dr. Schliemann had made important excavations at Mycena and Troy, but he was espe6cially anxious to explore Tiryns thoroughly. He obtained the assistance of the eminent architect of the German Archæological Society at Athens, Dr. Wilhelm Dorpfeld, who had for four years conducted the architectural department of the German explorations at Olympia, and he re-engaged ten other valuable assistants. The necessary apparatus was brought from Athens. At Tiryns there was only one house suitable for residence, and for that the price was too high, so they lived in the Hotel des Etrangers at 13 Nauplia, where they paid six francs a day for the rooms. My habit was to rise at 3.45 A.M.," says Dr. Schliemann, "swallow four grains of quinine as a preservative against fever, and then take a sea bath. After bathing I drank in the coffee house a cup of black coffee, and a good cob took me easily in twenty-five minutes to Tiryns, when I sent back the horse for Dr. Dorpfeld. Our breakfast was taken regularly at 8 A. M., during the first rest of the workmen, on the floor of the old palace of Tiryns." The picture of these explorers sitting on the floor of the prehistoric palace, eating "Chicago canned beef, bread, oranges and white wine," is an amusing one, and suggestive in its linking the active, practical life of to-day with a buried past. Dr. Schliemann's work is one of the utmost clearness and simplicity in its historic narration and in its account of the processes of discovery. He gives the topography and history of Tiryns; he describes the objects found in the debris, as vase paintings, ornaments of terra cotta, objects of metal, of stone, of wood, iron and glass. The buildings of Tiryns are described by Dr. Dorpfeld, including the citadel and its wall; the palace in the upper citadel; the architectural remains of a still older settlement, and the ascent to the castle. Dr. Schliemann and Dr. Dorpfeld have been able to completely reconstruct the plan of their great palace, dating to the Homeric times. On removing the earth the gigantic walls were laid bare to the base, and the system of staircases, galleries and chambers are disclosed. Even the bath rooms, with their arrangements for lighting and their receptacles for oil and water, were discovered. The large number of colored plates, giving the plans and also reproducing characteristic objects of virtu, are of graphic interest. Dr. Felix Adler contributes the preface, and compares the buildings of Tiryns and Mycena with others of similar structure and importance in archæological art. (Scribner. $10.) One of the most wonderful romances of 19th century life has been that lived by Dr. Henry Schliemann in his researches of the buried wealth of Greece; his excavations of the prehistoric palace of the Kings of Tiryns; and his resurrection into the life and light of to-day of the oldest art of building in Greece and in Asia Minor. His discoveries in Attica and Argolis have made an architectural harvest from which it is possible to predict much of the life, customs and manners of the people. The plan of the palace discovered reveals the means and necessities of defense; the probabilities of the town and its resources, and the kind of building materials then in use. As the celebrated naturalist, Cuvier, could predicate an extinct species of animal from a bit of bone or hair, so the archæologist, from a bit of ruined wall, constructs people, customs, architecture and the international defences of the period. "In the be ginning of August, 1876," says Dr. Schliemann, "I had worked at Tiryns for a week with fifty-one men; had sunk on the high plateau of the citadal thirteen pits and several long trenches down to the rock, and had also examined by seven pits the lowest plateau of the citadel and its immediate neighborhood." Pre Lanham's Farthest North. From the N. Y. Nation. This little volume is chiefly intended as a memorial of Lieutenant Lockwood, whose pathetic death, after having achieved the highest latitude yet attained by civilized man, is still fresh in the memories of all. He was born at Annapolis, October 9, 1852, and was the second son of Professor (afterward General) Henry H. Lockwood, a graduate of West Point then teaching at the Naval Academy. Something of his early life, chiefly interesting to relatives and friends, is told by Mr. Lanham. It does not seem to differ much from that of most active, intelligent, well-bred, but not over-studious lads of his age. In 1873 he received the appointment to a lieutenancy in the Twenty-third Infantry. His military service was active and creditable, though not particularly remarkable. In 1880 he volunteered for service with the Greely expedition, was accepted, accompanied the expedition, performed some noble service in exploration, and died amid the horrors of Camp Clay, on the 9th of April, 1884. The story of his work on the expedition is condensed from his journals, and bears ample testimony to his courage, devotion, cheeriness, and faithful of his commander. This is the only part of support the work with which the public is concerned, and it naturally occupies most of the book. It gives incidentally some insight into life at the station, and its trials, the worst of which were not the exposure to cold and privation, but the evils of association with uncongenial spirits, unsuited for the task to which they had applied themselves. There is much well worth the reading by young people, and from which they can hardly fail to draw useful lessons. The author's style is hardly equal to his subject, and, had the latter less intrinsic interest, would be dull and unattractive. Good taste, however, is shown in both the inclusions and omissions. There is an excellent steel portrait of Lieutenant Lockwood, and several other illustrations, together with a very good reproduction of the original map of the explorations as published by the Geographical Society of London. The nomenclature of this differs somewhat from that of the official map issued afterward, which commemorates a number of officers distinguished for having had nothing to do with the exploration or the explorers. The make-up of the volume is good, and the only technical defect we have noticed is the absence of an index. (Appleton. $1.25.) The Queen's Empire. From the Chicago Inter-Ocean. "The Queen's Empire; or, Ind and Her Pearl," is the half-sensible and half-sentimental title of a new and entertaining book of travel, which is finely printed and beautifully illustrated. The author, Mr. Joseph Moore, Jr., and his compagnon du voyage, Mr. George Herbert Watson, "met by chance" in a belated railway-train, running from Colorado Springs to Denver. While bewailing together the loss of their dinner they at once became friends-perhaps on the principle that " misery loves company"-and the next day after their first meeting, at Cheyenne, they covenanted to make a tour round the world together. Two years afterward, without having heard from each other meanwhile, they proceeded to put their purpose into effect. They spent two months at Blois, in France, studying the French language by way of preparation for their long journey. They travelled through Germany, Austria, Italy, and thence, from Brindisi, through the Mediterranean, the Suez Canal, and the Red Sea, to Bombay. The author passes rapidly over this part of his journey, and he devotes to its description only a small part of his work. He is an observant traveler, and he tells his story, with here and there a dash of humor, in a simple, pleasant, and entertaining manner. At the Great Pyramid he is indignant to find "the name of an old American nostrum painted in huge black letters, then scarcely dry, on the stone above the entrance, which some enterprising and sacrilegious Yankee had placed there." At Bombay he finds in the remarkable hospital for animals (which all travelers describe), in a Parsee .funeral, in a funeral pyre, in the strange characters met with—such as the fire-worshippers, snake-charmers, and jugglers-themes for interesting description, and also the evidences that he is in a new world. Journeying across India by rail he describes, besides the strange customs which he sees and the strange characters that he meets, the cities of the Moguls, Imperial Delhi, Lahore, Cawnpore, the terrible scenes of the great mutiny, the holy places of the Hindus, his travels and experiences in Calcutta, in the Himalayas, and in the Madras Presidency. This is but the barest outline of a journey which Mr. Moore has the art of enabling his readers to make with him on terms whereby they share in his pleasures while they have no part in his discomforts and expenses. From India he passes to Ceylon, which is the Pearl of Ind. The work is very beautifully illustrated with fifty phototypes, and paper, type, and binding (in cloth) are all of the best quality. (Lippincott. $3.) A Century of Dishonor. From the Boston Advertiser. A new edition of A Century of Dishonor," by Mrs. Helen Jackson ("H. H."), is published by Roberts Bros. The book appeared between four and five years ago; it was the first fruit of Mrs. Jackson's intense interest in the condition of the Indians. She gave months of patient labor among old documents, government reports, histories, biographies and travels, in order to tell the true story of some of the prominent Indian tribes, the treatment of whom has been the dishonor of this country for more than a century. Mrs. Jackson's interest in this subject grew more and more absorbing until her death. the winter of 1882 she was appointed by Congress a special agent to inquire into the condition of the Mission Indians in southern California. Accom In panied by Abbot Kinney, Esq., and Mr. Sandham, | The anti-slavery agitation, the war, the reconstructhe artist, who has made such beautiful illustrations of that region for the Century, she visited all the Indian villages that were formerly under the care of Spanish missions, and were then prosperous and happy. Since their unfortunate cession to the United States they have suffered all the outrages which the ingenuity and cruelty of our Government have inflicted upon all the Indians in its power. The report made by Mrs. Jackson and Mr. Kinney is grave, concise and deeply interesting. It is added to the appendix of this new edition of her book. In this California journey Mrs. Jackson found the materials for "Ramona,” the Indian novel which was the last important work of her life, and in which nearly all the incidents are taken from life. In the report on the Mission Indians will be found the story of the Temecula removal, and the tragedy of Alessandro's death as they appear in "Ramona." Mrs. Jackson gave almost her last thoughts to the cause which she had so much at heart, and her death has increased the interest in all that she wrote. Her work for the Indians must always hold a marked and noble place in American literature. (Roberts. $1.50.) Life of Samuel Bowles. Extract from the Boston Traveller. The personality of the journalist is as closely identified with his work as is that of the actor with the stage. In its true sense journalism is one of the creative arts-the swift materialization of thought, feeling and purpose. The journalist finds his material in the living currents and the vital issues of his day, and just in proportion to his breadth of sympathy and his power of interpretation is he able to leave his impress on his age. Nor is any work which is so direct, so vital, so pervasive, one that is merely "written in water." It is work that lives because it communicates a direct impulse that moves on infinitely, like the ever-widening circles of the pond when a pebble is thrown into it. The influence of literature, while more visibly and materially permanent in form, may not be of greater potency as a spiritual fact. The art of journalism, like the art of acting, is one communicating a direct spiritual impulse to the lives of men, rather than one which embodies itself in a permanence of form. The life of Samuel Bowles, one of the most eminent of American journalists, suggests something of this thought. Here was a man whose whole character and power were absorbed in the expression of daily journalism, and extended into large relations with his time. His hand was on motive currents of life; his swift thought and eager purpose had much to do with the shaping of affairs. This life is very faithfully and graphically portrayed by Mr. George S. Merriam. Mr. Bowles' experience in journalism covered the period from the annexation of Texas to the close of reconstruction under President Hayes. This long and dramatic period of national life was one of which he could have spoken as that "all of which I saw and part of which I was.'' tive forces, subsequent questions of reform,-these were the wells out of which Samuel Bowles drew his power. He was born February 9, 1826, in Springfield, Mass. He was a lineal descendent of Miles Standish. His father, who had been before identified with the mechanical department of journalism in 1824, had become the editor of the Springfield Republican, then a weekly journal. When he was eighteen years of age he astonished his father by proposing to make the Republican a daily paper. There was not at that time a daily journal in Massachusetts outside of Boston. But the railroads were coming in, and the boy felt all the stir and magnetism of the oncoming life. "If you, Sam, will take the responsibility," replied his father, "the daily shall be started.' The youth accepted the trust, and thus was forged the link of fate that gave to America one of her most marked men. In the early part of the decade from 1830-40 there came an era in American journalism. The newspaper began to assume its true function as an exponent of all social life. It was not the organ of a clique, the prejudiced and one-sided expression of partisan strife, but it assumed its true functions as a leader and an organizer of thought. The Republican became, under Mr. Bowles, a strong political power. In 1848 he married Miss Julia Schermerhorn, who identified herself wholly with the fortunes of the young journalist. Soon after, Dr. Holland became connected with the Republican, making it the vehicle for his lay sermons, which are well known for their quiet, practical quality of applied ethics. He had nothing of that keen mercurial power that characterized Mr. Bowles. Yet that he appreciated his splendid qualities is evinced by these words written by Dr. Holland just after the death of Mr. Bowles. "As I think of my old associate, and the earnest, exhausting work he was doing when I was with him, he seems to me like a great, golden vessel, rich in color and roughly embossed, filled with the elixir of life, which he poured out without the slightest stint for the consumption of this people. The vessel was only full at the first, and was never replenished. It was filled for an expenditure of fifty or sixty years, but he kept the stream so large that the precious contents were all decanted at thirty. The sparkle, the vivacity, the drive, the power of the Republican— all these cost life. A pale man, weary and nervous, crept home at midnight, or at two or three o'clock in the morning, and while all nature was fresh and the birds were singing, and thousands of eyes were bending eagerly over the resuits of his night's labor, he was tossing and trying to sleep. Yet this work, so terrible in its exactions and its consequences, was the joy of this man's life—it was this man's life." a whole as strictly Websterian-broad, patriotic and honest. We believe that it will have a good effect, not only upon the fiery South in soothing disunion agitation, but upon the North, in impressing upon it its constitutional obligations." An interior illumination is thrown on the character of Mr. Bowles by passages from a letter he wrote in 1862 to Miss Anne Whitney, who, as poet, artist and divine ideal of womanhood realized all in one, was so well calculated to call from him his best. Mr. Bowles wrote: "John Brent is good; you must read it. Winthrop belonged to the men of 'fine forces,' and he recognized them in others, and portrays character and experience, nature and art, with most subtle and sweet power. Thank you for Mr. Frothingham's sermon; it has wonderfully fine passages, beautiful and exhaustive of the philosophy of life; but I read it too late to appreciate it all. Events have thrown its material pictures out of line. . . . Bless you, my dear friend, for opening to me so freely your religious life and faith. I am surprised and impressed that yours was that common experience of revelation and rest by a sudden flash, as it were.... I try to make my life show the result of Christianity and godliness, if I have not the thing in its theoretical form. Patience, charity, faith in men, faith in progress, are lessons that I have been learning these many years. One of our first duties is to ourselves, to make ourselves happy. Then we can make others happy, and make them grow, and grow with them." This emphasis of the duty to make ourselves happy deserves a special recognition. The old adage, "Be good and you will be happy," may well be paraphrased, in the light of modern ethics, "Be happy and you will be good." Mr. Merriam has made of this work a deeply interesting and admirably arranged biography. It is well indexed, and offers much that is of value in the eventful years whose period it embraces. That Mr. Bowles had what Margaret Fuller called "a genius for friendship" was one vital element of his strength in journalism. "The friendliest of men' would be the verdict of those who knew him best," says Mr. Merriam. "He was more than a journalist, a statesman, a geniushe was a lover. He was most faithful to every old attachment, most receptive of every new one." The life of Samuel Bowles has its lessons, and they are found not less in that which he was not than in that which he was. So positive and self-assertive a nature forges its own limitations, but the noblest les son of his life lies not even in his sacrifice to an idea, nor in his intellectual energy, nor in his fidelity to personal relations, but rather in his unfaltering aspiration after the nobler ideals of life. (The Century Co. 2 v., $3; hf. mor., $5.) The First Napoleon. Extract from the Boston Advertiser. There is an endless fascination in the life of the first Napoleon. Even the dullest writer can hardly fail to be interesting when he touches on that marvelous career, with all the splendor of its victories and all the grandeur of its defeats. When the wonderful story is told so vigorously and so effec tively as it is by Mr. Ropes, no amount of familiarity can dull the keen edge of the reader's interest as he passes from Toulon to Friedland, and from Moscow to St. Helena. Mr. Ropes says that "the task which he proposed to himself was to rectify the fundamental notions with which nearly all historians have approached the study of the epoch of Napoleon," and this, it must be confessed, is a pretty extensive undertaking. The central idea, however, in the book is to show that Napoleon was primarily the child of the French Revolution and the representative of its mighty forces; that his conquests were not the mere triumphs of a military chieftain, but meant the spread of equality before the law, of improved government, and of personal liberty, and as a necessary concomitant the abolition of privileges and antiquated abuses and tyrannies. Whether this conception of the moral, social and political effect of Napoleon's career is new or not, it is certainly correct and it has never before been presented with such force and vividness as by Mr. Ropes. It is a piece of work well worth doing, and it requires not only a good writer and a well informed student, but also a strong admirer of Napoleon, who should be at the same time wholly outside of the range of European prejudices. When, however, Mr. Ropes goes beyond the proposition that Napoleon represented the liberal and progressive forces of the revolution and makes him their champion, he seems to us to take untenable ground. Napoleon represented the spirit of his age and carried it with him wherever his eagles penetrated, because he could not help it. He was a new man, and he recognized and called about him new men, and thus opened the way to talent, a vast service to mankind. He hated confusion, disorder and stupid oppression, and he swept away everywhere tyrannous customs, feudal privileges, petty despots and antiquated laws. This was a great and good work, and it found its highest expression in the emperor's best monument, the "Code Napoleon." But the governments which he erected were military despotisms, vast advances on everything that had gone before, no doubt, but still systems of barbaric simplicity in theory and practice, and founded solely on force. His purpose it seems clear, was the establishment of a great, well ordered empire, where the prosperity of the people should be looked after-a very new idea at that time-and where Napoleon Bonaparte should rule. He aimed at and accomplished many great and beneficent works, some wittingly, some of necessity; but that he was spurred on by lust of conquest it seems impossible to question. When Mr. Ropes puts this out of sight he goes much too far. The truth is, that while Mr. Ropes' admiration of Napoleon permits him to be impartial as a military critic, it leads him to overlook many of his hero's deeds, for which no pleasant names can be found. Mr. Ropes gives up on Spain. There is no defence there. But of the absolute profligacy with which Napoleon treated the United States nothing is said, and his conduct to us was not |