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elemental war. But there are other animals, which, frothy boast, that he had had the last word.-Af-monopoly of every description; but whilst we do so, while they are equally cautious to make choice of ter this, let no man in America suppose that Eng. we do not disclaim a resistance to an attempt to moproper situations for their safety, employ in add-land was, in 1826, disposed to arrange the trade with nopolize the commerce of the world. tion, peculiar organs with which they are provided, us upon equitable terms; and that its non-arrange. The cultivation of tobacco has heretofore been to connect themselves more securely with the basis ment grew out of our non-acceptance of the terms prohibited in this country. A removal of the proon which they rest. offered by their act of 1815. The truth is, in 1826,hibition was suggested the other night in the House Grasping. The most simple of these expedients, they found their reciprocity system of commerce did of Lords; and if they do remove it, I think they grasping, is displayed by bats, birds, and insects, not work as well as they expected, and they deter will be able to cultivate it with considerable success. in the employment of their toes, with their claws, in mined to retrace their steps, as far as they could, with The greatest produce of tobacco to the acre that seizing the objects of their support. In birds, the decency. To this, ministers were the more promptly I ever saw in my life was in Holland, a climate, I assumption and continuance of this attitude is ac- forced by the clamours of the shipping interest think, by no means better adapted to its growth complished by a mechanical process; so that there clamours to be sure unfounded, but still not less loud than this. is no expenditure of muscular energy. In every on that account. They ascribed all the depreciation case of this kind, the claws are so admirably adapt-in the value of their shipping and their profits to Mr. ed to the station of the animal, that the detention Huskisson's reciprocity system, instead of ascribing AGRICULTURAL MEETING IN LANCAS of the body in the same spot during this state of it to overtrading in 1825, by the building of a superTER, PENN. rest, is accompanied with little exertion. fluous number of vessels, and the general derange- Agreeably to the recommendation of a meeting Suction. The third method of fixing themselves, ment of trade in 1826. But to return to the West of the citizens of the townships of Donegal and employed by animals, is suction. The sucker va- India question. This government has just passed a Mountjoy, held at Elizabethtown-and public nories greatly in its form, and even structure. In the bill through Parliament which authorizes the inland tice given, a very large and respectable meeting of limpet, and other gasteropodous mollusca, its sur-introduction from the United States into Canada the citizens of Lancaster county was held in the face is smooth and uniform; and the adhesion apfree of duty, ashes, staves and lumber of every des-court-house, in the city of Lancaster, on Wednespears to depend on its close application to every cription, horses, fresh provisions, &c. &c. and that day, the 22d day of August, 1827. part of the opposing surface. In other animals, as the articles so admitted into Canada shall be deem- The Hon. JOHN LIGHTNER was appointed Chairthe leech and the sea-urchin, the sucker is formed ed to be Canadian produce, and shall be admitted man, and Jacob Hibshman and N. W. Sample, Jr. at the extremity of a tube; the muscular motions into England, and into the West Indies as such.- Esq'rs. Secretaries. of which may serve to pump out any air which The operation of this bill will be, if we allow the in- The proceedings of the Elizabethtown meeting may remain, after the organ has been applied to the tercourse to continue between Canada and the Uni-being read, on motion of G. B. Porter, Esq. surface of the body. ted States, to give to British shipping the entire car- Resolved, That a committee of seven persons be Cementation. The fourth method, termed cemen-rying trade of such American articles as they may be appointed to draft resolutions expressive of the tation, employed by animals to preserve themselves able to receive through Canada. Board staves from sense of the meeting:--Whereupon, G. P. Porter stationary, consists in a part of their own bodies the United States, received through that channel, Esq. John R. Montgomery, Esq. John Rohrer, Esq. being cemented to the substance on which they will pay a duty here of only 11. per 1200-but if they John Hoover, John Caldwell, Nathaniel F. Lightrest This takes place in the common mussel, by are imported direct from the United States they will ner, and Jeremiah Brown, Esq. were appointed. means of strong cartilaginous filaments, termed the have to pay 112. 10s.—the duty before this bill passed The committee having retired for a short time, rebyssus, united in the body to a secreting gland, fur-was 31. 16s. 8d. on American staves coming direct. turned and reported the following preamble and renished with powerful muscles, and, at the other ex- United States ashes coming through Canada, are solutions, which were read and unanimously adopttremity, glued to the rock or other body to which admitted here free of duty; if they come directed by the meeting: it connects itself. In other cases, as in the oyster, they pay a duty of 6s. per cwt.; wheat from the the shell itself is cemented to the rock. United States is entirely prohibited, from Canada it is admitted at a duty of 5s. per quarter; thus the Canadians may ship all their own grain, and supply themselves with cheap bread from the United

[Loudon's Enc. of Agric. (To be continued.)

INTERESTING LETTER

To the editors of the Richmond Enquirer.

States.

Whilst the farmers of Lancaster county have ever been, and still are willing to encourage our domestic manufactures, the time has now arrived, they think, when efficient protection should also be given to agriculture. The demand from abroad for our flour has so much diminished, that the price of it will scarcely justify the cultivation of wheat. There is, however, one method, by the adoption of which, Congress would greatly aid the grain growing states. Nearly five millions of gallons of forcign spirits are now annually imported into this country, which cost about two millions of dollars, clear of freight, duty and charges. If this money, instead of being sent abroad, were distributed terms, from our commercial activity and contiguity, among our farmers at home, and applied to the purwe will secure the whole of it and thereby much in-chase of corn and rye, it would greatly promote the crease our commercial marine.

By these regulations this government expects to cripple the navigation of the United States, of which LIVERPOOL, July 2, 1827. it feels great jealousy, and at the same time improve Gentlemen:-This country has been for 12 months its own, a policy which Mr. Huskisson has in debate laying the foundation of a commercial war with the admitted to be the policy of England, and in this United States, which can be terminated on just terms policy we find the true secret connected with the only by a united and energetic resistance, and a West India question. He argues, I mean Mr. Husprompt adoption and a faithful enforcement of coun-kisson, that if the trade be opened to us on equal tervailing measures. Whatever neglect or oversight the President of the U. States may have been guilty of on the West India question; and whether he has, prosperity of the farmer. This can easily be effected or has not, been guilty of neglect, I have not the There is now scarcely any article with the excep- by the substitution of whiskey for foreign spirits. The means here to determine, but be this as it may, our tion of cotton produced in the U. States, that com- importation of foreign spirits should therefore be encountry's honour and her interest requires that we ing direct to this country, is not taxed to almost a tirely prohibited, or the duty raised to such a standshould rally round our government, and present a prohibitory amount. The value of tobacco is about ard as would greatly increase the price of the artiunited front to England, upon this subject. The con 4d. and the duty on it is Ss. per lb.; the value of rice cle, and make it a luxury. By this means the price test has been shrouded with too thin a veil by Mr. is 188., and the duty on American rice is 15s. per of rye and of corn would be raised, because it is well Canning, in his correspondence with Mr. Gallatin, to cwt. whilst it is admitted from the East Indies at a known that for every cent of increased price upon conceal from the view of any unprejudiced man his duty of only 5s. Our cotton is so necessary to the the gallon of whiskey, the distiller would be enareal object. When England, in 1915, opened her W. very existence of the people in this section of Eng-bled to give between three and four cents more for India islands on certain conditions, to the whole land, that it pays a duty of only 6 per cent. but their each bushel of grain from which it is manufactured. world, she was sincere, and if we had accepted her dependence upon us for this article begins to alarm The temptation to intemperance would be diminishconditions, we would have placed her in rather an them: out of the consumption of about 600,000 ed rather than increased by the advanced price of awkward dilemma, as, in 1826, she determined to bales, which is the present estimated consumption of whiskey, and agriculture, which is now languishing, change her policy, but she would have found means this country, they use about 400,000 bales of United would at once begin to flourish. to evade the arrangement as she did to get over a States growth; they are, however, now looking The people of this country, the first agricultural stipulated and plighted engagement to negotiate upon round to ascertain in what way they can, upon good country on earth, also pay to foreigners, about half the subject. She made a positive engagement to set-terms, obtain this supply from other countries, so as a million of dollars annually for foreign hemp, when tle the matter by negotiation in 1824; and in 1826, to make them less dependent upon us for an article it has been satisfactorily ascertained, that American she as positively declined to negotiate at all respect that is of such vital importance to them. If we were water wretted hemp is equal in quality to any in the ing it, and that too, without giving any other reason now suddenly to cut off the supply of cotton from world. than is contained in Mr. Canning's flippant and im our country, it would create a rebellion in theirs. Should this be so?--If our government shall propertinent remark, that he would not allow himself to We cannot blame them for attempting to avert such tect us, we will in a very short time acquire the art be drawn into the discussion of a subject that had an evil-an evil that I confess I would, in common of water wretting hemp; and the competition at home already been exhausted-to which he subsequently with themselves deplore. But if it should take place, in cultivating that article would soon reduce its added in the House of Commons, the empty and it would be of their own creating. We disclaim price even below the present price of Russia hemp.

The half million of dollars which is annually sent Horses fed in this manner will work well, and will
abroad, and goes into the pockets of the landhold-be fit for all sorts of work. A man cuts with one
ers of Russia, would remain at home, and enrich knife machine, in four hours, enough of wheaten
the farmers of our country.
straw to last nine horses for twenty-four hours."
[Franklin Journal.

Fully impressed with the importance of these truths, and knowing the great interest which the farmers of this fine agricultural county have in the question; your committee offer the following resolutions:

Resolved, That whilst it is the opinion of this meeting, that government should afford their aid to such of our domestic manufactures as require additional protection, it is also their bounden duty, at the same time, to protect the farmers of the country against foreign competition. Resolved, That in the opinion of this meeting the importation of foreign spirits should be either en tirely prohibited, or the duty upon its importation should be raised to such a standard as would ensure in a great degree the consumption of domestic distilled spirits in its stead; and thus promote the agriculture of the country by increasing the demand for, and raising the price of rye and corn.

Resolved, That in the opinion of this meeting, the interests of agriculture require that an additional duty should be imposed on the importation of foreign hemp.

Resolved, That for the purpose of carrying into effect the intentions of this meeting, a committee consisting of 12 persons be appointed to prepare a memorial to Congress, and circulate the same throughout the county, for signature.

(From the New England Farmer.)
SOW WINTER RYE.

HORTICULTURE.

WASHINGTON PLUM.

Linnæan Botanic Garden, near New York, J. S. SKINNER, ESQ. September 5, 1827. Dear Sir,-I have to call your attention to the following statement, with regard to one of the finest fruits--Washington Plum. A branch of small size, You cannot sow your winter rye too early in Sep with 24 plums on it of the above kind, was presenttember. If it be sowed early, its roots will get ed on the 27th ult. to the Editors of the Statessuch firm hold of the soil before winter, that it will man, at New York, by L. Richards, Esq. of New be less apt to be laid bare by the heaving of the York. One of the smallest measured 5 inches ground by frost. In the Memoirs of the New York in circumference; but many plums on the same Board of Agriculture, vol. 1, p 82, it is observed, tree measured 6 inches round, and in some inthat rye should be sowed the last week "in August, stances weighed 44 oz. This being a greater weight or the first week in September, at the rate of about than this fruit has heretofore attained, I deemed it 36 quarts per acre; some say 48 quarts. But if not worthy of permanent record. A detailed statesowed at that time, it ought to be delayed until late ment in relation to the origin of this plum, will be in November, so that it may not come up till spring published in my short treatise on fruit trees, now in Mr. A. Worthington had a good crop, which he the press. sowed in a January snow storm. Rye raised on Yours, most respectfully, upland makes much better flour than that which is raised on low or damp land."

WM. PRINCE.

FRUIT TREES.

Rye may be sown to great advantage, for green fodder, for cattle and sheep, particularly the latter, in the spring. When it is meant for this purpose, it Linnæan Botanic Garden, near New York, September 6, 1827. should not only be sowed early in autumn, but should J. S. SKINNER, ESQ. Dear Sir,-The South Carolina Agricultural Sobe sowed thicker than when it is intended to stand for a crop of seed. Some say that it may well be mow-ciety, composed of some of the most distinguished ed for hay two or three times during the summer; horticulturists our country can boast, published, and this piece of husbandry is recommended for some years since, in the Report of their Committee, Whereupon the following persons were appointed farmers, whose lands are mostly dry and unsuitable a list of such trees, &c. as it was deemed particularly advisable to introduce into the southern section of the the committee agreeably to the said resolution, viz: for grass. G. B. Porter, John R. Montgomery, John Rohrer, The quantity of seed to be sown on an acre Union, as congenial to their climates, and calculated John Hoover, John Caldwell, Nathaniel F. Light- should vary according to the soil, and the time of to yield much benefit to them by their culture. The ner, Jeremiah Brown, Jr. Francis Boggs, Elias Ba-sowing, and the purpose for which it is intended. enumeration of these is contained in a letter of the ker, George Kinzer, Samuel Keller, and George If it be sowed in the latter part of August, or be aon. J. R. Poinsett, and contains 21 species. A very ginning of September, and is intended to stand for large number of which having been previous to that Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting, a seed crop, the quantity should vary from 32 to 48 time, and since, introduced by me, I propose an signed by the chairman and secretaries, be publish- quarts, according to the goodness of the soil. Later enumeration of them for the benefit of that Society, ed in all the newspapers of the county." sowing requires more seed, and in some cases two and of such other southern gentlemen as feel inte bushels to the acre will not be too great a quantity. rested in the subject. I proceed to enumerate JACOB HIBSHMAN, Bannister's Husbandry says, "when this grain is them agreeably to their list: sown for sheep feed, it is proper to allow three bushels to the acre; for where the blade, haulm, or stalks form the primary object, a much larger pro portion of seed is requisite than when the crop is

Redsecker.

JOHN LIGHTNER, Chairman.

N. W. SAMPLE, Jr.} Secretaries.

FOOD FOR HORSES.

AGRICULTURAL PREMIUMS.

A practice is becoming general in Silesia of feed-meant for harvesting." ing horses with bread, made by taking equal quantities of oat and rye meal, mixing it with leaven or yeast, and adding one-third of the quantity of boilIn Ohio, the Hamilton County Agricultural Socieed potatoes. To each horse is given 12 lbs. per ty have offered a silver cup of the value of fifty dolday, in rations of 4 lbs. each. The bread is cut lars, or fifty dollars in cash, at the option of the sucinto small pieces, and mixed with a little moistened cessful claimant, for the best crop of barley on ten cut straw. It is stated that by this means there is acres of ground; and also a silver cup of half the a saving in feeding seven horses "of 49 bushels of value, for the best crop on five acres, all to be raised oats in 24 days, while the horses perform their com in Hamilton, and the four adjoining counties. mon labour, and are much better in look, health, and disposition."

Another improvement in the feeding of horses, which has just been announced by the Rev. W. Evans, of Llandefeilog, Carmarthenshire, consists

[Masonic Record.

No. 1. Cork Tree, or Cork Oak of Spain. Of this I have several hundreds; it is a fine evergreen.

2. Quercus Ballota of Portugal. Not received. 3. Pinus Pinea, or Stone Pine of Italy, with fine eatable fruit. This I have obtained.

4. Pistachia A delicious nut; of this, I have at present, three species.

5. Jujuba of Syria. This I have received, as well as the species from China.

6.

Rhamnus Lotus of Barbary. This I also

have; it is much cultivated in Egypt.

7.

Crataegus Azarolus, two varieties. Both these

are under culture, and succeed well.

[blocks in formation]

[N. Eng. Farmer.

11.

ed; it is very rare and highly valued. Euphoria Lonyen of China. Another species

[blocks in formation]

CURE FOR WENS IN CATTLE. Rub the part affected with an indigo bag, which in the substitution for hay and corn, of cut straw has been some time in use in a ley pot. and potatoes; or straw, chaff, and pounded furze mixed, wetted with salt water. The process of preparing it is as follows. "Let a tub full of fresh water, with an egg in it, be impregnated with as much domestic salt as will cause the egg to rise and float on the surface, that being the criterion of its saltness being equal to that of sea water. The provender being put into a wicker basket, and plac ed on the tub, pour the salted water upon it, in quantity sufficient to wet the whole mass, and when it shall have done filtering through it, give it to the horses. The salted water will not only mois ten and sweeten the food, but also operate as a most efficient alterative to purify the blood, purge all gross humours, prevent the increase of worms, and all painful attacks from those troublesome vermin.

A subscriber to your valuable journal, who is dis posed to make an experiment in the raising of hemp in Maryland, solicits, from some of your correspondents, information as to the quantity of seed necessary to be sown on the acre, and the best time for sowing. He is also desirous to ascertain where he can procure a sufficient quantity of seed for one or two acres.

[Our friend Travers, at Paterson, can procure us. or rather the esteemed inquirer and the publick, all the information on the subject.]

of the same genus as the above; as yet
very rare.

12. Arbutus Unedo. This I have in plenty.
13. Arbutus Andrachne of Greece. This I have
increased by grafting on No. 12.
14. Agalophythem Ravensaca. I have sought, in

vain, for any plant of the above name; nor
do I find it mentioned in any botanic pub-
lication.

15. Schinus; a beautiful evergreen tree of MexiCO. Of this I have more than a hundred flourishing young plants; and it is to the politeness of the hon. J. R. Poinsett that I am indebted for them, as well as for

[blocks in formation]

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT.

CIVIL ENGINEERING.

rope, and undertook to bring to the capital a suffi-
cient number of those wonderful insects. This they
accomplished, by conveying the eggs of the silk-
worm in a hollow cane. They were hatched and
afterwards fed on the leaves of the wild mulberry MR. SKINNER,
tree, and multiplied and worked in the same manner Sir, I perceive, with great pleasure, that your
as in those climates where they first became the ob-worthy Governor has set out on a tour to see the
jects of human attention and care. Vast numbers rail-roads, &c. in the eastern states. The people of
of these insects were soon reared in Greece, parti- Boston appear to be at a loss for engineers. This
cularly in the Peloponnesus. Sicily afterwards un- is a matter of regret. It makes me ask you whe-
dertook to breed silk-worms, with equal success, ther in the ranks of civil life, there are not to be
and was imitated from time to time, in several towns found individuals, as fully capable of civil engineer-
of Italy. In all these places, extensive manufac ing, as in the circle of a military school? I think
tures were established, with silk of domestic pro- they can be found. Hence, I hope this may reach Go-
duction.
vernor Kent, and induce him to discuss the subject
From the reign of Justinian, it was mostly in with his brother Lincoln; as, if the example of a
Greece, and some of the adjacent islands, that silk-state or states, being perfectly independent of the
worms were reared. Soon after the conquest of general government in affairs of this kind is to be
Constantinople by the Venetians, in the year 1204, shewn, it cannot come from a quarter of higher
they attempted the establishment of the silk manu- respectability and greater consequence than that of
facture in their dominions; and in a short time the Maryland or Massachusetts.
silk fabrics of Venice vied with those of Greece and
Sicily.

Brindley had no regular education. To the Duke of Bridgewater is the world indebted for his taAbout the beginning of the 14th century, the lents and his services; and God forbid, that in the Florentine manufactures of silk became very con- United States there should not be found Brindleys siderable. It was introduced much later into France, and Stevensons. How does Great Britain do? Does the manufacture of silk, though considerably en- she depend on her army? No The great civil couraged by Henry IV. not having been fully estab-engineers take young men of mathematical talent, who accompany them in their surveys, and, by practical operations, become good engineers, learning at the same time the methods of draughting maps, plans, &c. &c.

21. Macrophylla Japonica. This tree is now called Eriobotrya Japonica, and is exceed ingly admired for its luxuriant foliage, and has recently produced fruit in England. I have been very successful in its culture. By the foregoing statement, it will be perceived that nearly the whole number of species enumerat-lished there, until under Louis XIV. by Colbert. ed by that Society are now cultivated at my establishment. I have recently transmitted to Elias Horry. Esq. of Charleston, for that Society, seed of the much desired grass, Cynosurus corocanus, and also seeds of other valuable species. Yours, most respectfully,

WM. PRINCE.

PRINCE'S CATALOGUES. Linnæan Botanic Garden near New York, J. S. SKINNER, Esq. September 3, 1827. Dear Sir,-By publishing the following notice, you will oblige me, and no doubt add to the pleasure of some of your horticultural readers.

Distinct catalogues and publications relative to this establishment, may be obtained of the different agents, or by application to the proprietor, as follow. The four first mentioned being distributed gratis.

It is an established and well known fact, that both the white and black mulberry trees grow as well in almost every part of the United States, as in any country on earth; and also that silk had been raised and manufactured into a most excellent fabric, under that great and venerable patriot and friend of mankind, Dr. B Franklin. That so useful a pursuit should be suffered to die away, in a country as weli adapted for it as any in the universe, is as extraordinary as it is unfortunate and injurious to the real interest of the nation.

[From M'Mahon's Calendar.

The distinguished character this country has obtained for mechanical and mathematical ingenuity, strongly enforces the idea that a vast number of young men may be obtained as minor members of a surveying party; and thus lay the foundation of their own future science by actual experience. One of them comes within my own knowledge. He can make a scientific survey, and furnish a beautiful draught of it. In short, he is as good a mathematician and surveyor as can be expected from a youth NEW YORK HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. gade on any survey, he would be of infinite service. of eighteen. Could he be attached to a civil briThe New York Horticultural Society held their unless private companies employ him, it is not likeBut he has no interest with the government; and anniversary yesterday at the National Hotel. Afly his talents will ever be elicited. Surely it would ter going into the election of officers, and transacting be well worth the while of such states as Maryland other business, the members, to the number of about and Massachusetts to consider this subject; and 150, sat down to an elegant dinner, served up in perhaps they would be led to commence a school of choicest viands, and the most delicious fruits of every mere payment of their expenses; but such is the handsome style. The tables were loaded with the this kind. The bases for the pupils might be the kind, furnished from the gardens of members of the rising importance of the engineering profession, I society. The President (Dr. Hosack) being absent have no doubt that if an able instructor were emsisted by Jacob Lorillard and Wm. Neilson, Esqs. penses, but a premium for the services he should from the city, John R. Murray, Esq. presided, as-ployed, many would not only pay their own exof the evening, by the President, written by N. H. Vice Presidents. An address was read, in the course render them. 5. A short Treatise on the Culture of Trees ing view of the advantages, progress and improve Carter, Esq. which took a very extensive and pleas and Plants generally. Price 50 cents. The four first ready for delivery; No. 5 in the We understand it will be laid before the public in ments in this country in agriculture and horticulture. press, and will be completed in one month. A line to the proprietor, post paid, will insure the cata-other documents appertaining to the society, in a a few days, with the award of the premiums, and logues, &c. being promptly sent. The postage, as printed sheets, by mail, is very trifling.

No. 1. Fruit and Hardy Ornamental Trees, Shrubs,
and Plants, 60 pages, 12mo.
2. Bulbous and Tuberous rooted Plants, 24
pages, 12mo.

3. Green-house Trees, Shrubs, and Plants, 44
pages, 12mo.

4. American Indigenous Trees, Shrubs, and Plants, 46 pages, 12mo.

Yours, most respectfully,

WM. PRINCE.

CULTIVATION OF SILK. About the year of Christ, 551, two Persian monks, employed as missionaries in some of the christian churches established in India, penetrated into the country of Seres or China. There they observed the labours of the silk-worm, and became acquaint ed with the art of working up its productions into a variety of elegant fabrics. They explained to the Greek Emperor at Constantinople these mysteries, hitherto unknown or imperfectly understood in Eu

a civil engineer as well as a professor of law or The University of Virginia compels its students to pay its Professors per capite. Why not find them and Virginia were to insure to an engineer of emiof chemistry? Suppose Maryland, Pennsylvania, tain only fifty young men at a premium of $500 nence, $5000 or $6000 per annum; and he could obpamphlet form. The following are the gentlemen each for two years; it would be equal to $12,000 per elected as officers of the society for the ensuing year. annum, and command the first talents. Many of For President, David Hosack, M. D.; Vice Pre- the Carrolls and Van Rensselaers of our country. sidents, John R. Murray, Jacob Lorillard, William would not only furnish pupils, but pay their premiNeilson; Treasurer, John Groshon; Corresponding Secretary, N. H. Carter; Recording Secretary, surely would be preferable to the present depenums. Could a scheme of this sort be devised, it William Burtsell; Council, Martin Hoffman, Alexdence on the general government. ander Smith, Charles Oakley, Thomas Pringle, Francis Cooper, James Meinell, Israel Dean, An Europe, renders it possible that one can do a great The way civil engineers manage their affairs in drew Parmentier, Andrew Clark, John M'Nab, Pe deal ter Aymar, G. W. Arnold, Samuel L. Mitchell, it is surveyed by scientific surveyors. The result is As soon as a piece of work is determined on, Thomas Hogg, Edward Probyn, Thomas Kinners- then exhibited on paper, and, as far as he can, the ley, William Curr, William Wilson, James M'Brair, engineer determines on its execution in the closet. Nicholas Saltus, William Neale, William Phelan, If he has no doubt it must fail, he states the fact. Michael Floy, John M'Intire, Peter Hattrick, If there is a chance of its success, he proceeds to George Nixon. an examination, and gives his opinion. In the event

question?

SPORTING OLIO.

T.

of its proceeding, he orders the necessary sectional for the diet of youth, I should say, in the language ment, exhibit examples of strength wasting in riot, draughts, and is but rarely seen at the works: it is of one who, though represented as a glutton and re- and beauty withering in irregularity; nor is it easy then altogether left to the sub-agents. Sir R. Phil-veller, yet, in this instance, is made to utter the wis- to enter a house in which part of the family is not lips (the radical,) says, that Jessop, the principal dom of a Solomon, "Care I for the limbs, the thewes, groaning in repentance of past intemperance, and engineer to the Caledonian canal, never went the stature, bulk, and big semblance of a man? give part admitting disease by negligence, or soliciting there; that Telford, the second engineer, went only me the spirit, Master Shallow."* How is this to be it by luxury." once a year, just before the meeting of Parlia- accomplished, so far as diet is concerned, is the ment; but, that Davidson, the third, went once a month. (Monthly Mag. Feb. 1820.) The probability is, that Davidson was the engineer more immediately responsible. Jessop judged of its theory by his papers; Telford visited it once a year, to look at its execution; but upon Davidson rested the onus of the labour. Such is the reputation of Telford and Jessop, that the government could not pay them sufficient to make them resident engineers, Dupin speaks of it as a "truly gigantic work." South Carolina, Aug. 24, 1827.

AMPHICON.

LADIES' DEPARTMENT.

INFLUENCE OF DIET ON THE INTEL

LECTUAL FACULTIES.

THE BREED OF HORSES. The annual Races of the Association will commence over the Canton Course, on Wednesday, the 17th of October next, and continue four days, for the following purses; to carry weight, &c. agreeably to the rules of the association.

$400

300

250

In answering this question, we have only to determine what is that state of the body which we denominate health. Perhaps the simplest definition that can be given of health is, that it consists in that condition of the vital organs which is best adapted for the performance of their various functions; and in which these are performed with the least degree of consciousness. In this condition of the body, the mind, being perfectly free from atten- MARYLAND ASSOCIATION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF tion to corporeal feeling, can be wholly concentrated on any subject of thought with which it is engaged; whereas, if the mind be conscious of corporeal suf fering of any kind, as, for instance, if thought be accompanied with a sensation of fulness or uneasiness of the head, it is impossible that the abstraction can be so complete, or the concentration so perfect, 1st Day-4 mile heats, for a purse of as they would be in a state completely devoid of 2d Day-3 mile heats, for a purse of corporeal sensation. A state of health is, therefore, [Though altogether untaught in the science of that condition of the body, in which the mind is 3d Day-2 mile heats, for a purse of medicine, we always read, with pleasure, the num-most capable of exertion; and, consequently, that 4th Day-Ladies' purse, 4 miles and repeat, 300 bers of the Boston Medical Intelligencer, John G. state best fitted for unfolding its capacities, and The first and second days free for any horse, &c. Coffin, editor, devoted to the cause of physical edu- storing it with ideas, in boyhood and youth. Eve-owned in Maryland or District of Columbia, sixty The third day free only for horses, &c. bona fide cation, and to the means of preventing and of ry description of food which is likely to disturb this days before the race. curing diseases. To the many extracts we have state of corporeal equilibrium, if I may so speak, is made from it, we now add a section, intended to calculated to prove injurious to the developement in Maryland or District of Columbia; 5 per cent. The fourth day, free only for horses, &c raised describe the "Influence of diet on the intellectual fa- of intellect. A boy, therefore, who is fed luxuri- entrance to be paid on the amount of the purse of culties;" being part of a general essay on the Diet ously, and whose appetite is pampered, is ill calcu- the 1st, 2d, and 3d days races; $20 entrance for the proper for that period of life which comes between inlated for study; for, independent of the seductive Ladies' purse, 4th day. fancy and manhood. invitations which the pleasures of the table hold out As the diet of children of that age ought to en- to allure youth from the severity and dryness of elegage the attention of every mother, anxious for the mentary studies, the injurious effects of these indul welfare of her offspring, we have placed this extract gences on health deprive him of the power of apunder the "LADIES DEPARTMENT."-There needs plication; and surely we cannot wonder that the inno words to prove that of all subjects, there is not experience of boyhood, when thus exposed to tempone so fitted to beget parental solicitude and watch tation, should hazard even the blessing of health COMPARATIVE MERITS OF FLINT AND PERCUSSION fulness as the best means of securing for their chil-for the enjoyment of an hour. Such is the result of GUNS. dren, first, sound moral principles; and then the the gratification of the palate, the most contemptihighest possible degree of intellectual culture and re- ble of human pleasures, on the developement of in- merits of the flint and percussion principles, as apSir, The question respecting the comparative finement.-ED. AM. FARMER.] tellect. But it is not luxurious refinement in the plied to guns, never having, I believe, been decided; quality of the food only which is to be dreaded; and a sporting author, who has lately written much much mischief results from over indulgence in res- on the subject of guns and shooting, having broadpect to quantity; and it has always been a commonly asserted that guns, on the flint principle, had the remark, that boys who are gluttons are generally advantage, I have lately been induced to make a stupid, and to employ a vulgar phrase, remarkably trial of the two plans, on the same gun, and at the "thick headed."

before 3 o'clock P. M. of the day previous to the day
The horses must be entered with the Secretary
they are to run. By order,
E. L. FINLEY, Secretary.

same time, in a manner which I, as well as many experienced sportsmen to whom I have submitted it, deem very satisfactory; and, as the result may be of interest to many of your readers, you will, perhaps, favour it with a place in your valuable magazine.

As the period of life now under review is that in which mind is most active and curiosity is awakened; and in which there is an unquenchable thirst for knowledge of every description, it becomes a question of some importance, whether particular modes of nourishing the body, at this age increasing daily towards the perfection of manhood, be inju"Fat paunches have lean pates, and dainty bits rious to the developement of intellect? It is unne- Make rich the ribs, but bankrupt quite the wits." cessary, for our purpose, to inquire, metaphysically, into the nature of the connexion between mind and It is remarkable to see parents indulging this debody; it is sufficient to know, that many circum- testable propensity in their children, and supplying stances which affect the corporeal part of our frames them with the means of gratifying it to excess, in The experiment was made in December last, with influence the functions of the soul; that a perfectly their visits at home from school, as if boys were in-two guns, and on three successive days. The guns sound mind is incompatible with many diseased tended to be fatted like pigs for a Smithfield show. were on the percussion principle, with copper caps, conditions of the body, and that, when these states It would, indeed, be a high exultation to the writer and made by myself. I first stopped up the dipple, or are removed by physical means, the mind recovers of this essay, if his remarks could induce even a touch-hole, and into the vent-hole I screwed a small its wonted vigour and energy, with the returning tythe of his readers to impress on the rising genera-pan with a train of gunpowder in imitation of a flint health of the body. This connexion between the tion a contempt for the sensual pleasure of eating; gun, and fired my first shot in this way; igniting spiritual and corporeal part of man is now, indeed, to instil into youth a conviction that the only use of the powder in the pan with a match. I then put so well understood, that no good physician relies food is to supply the waste of the body, and con- in the nipple or touch-hole, and fired the second shot solely on the moral management of the insane; but tribute to the support of its strength; and to teach with a copper cap; and so changed every shot from combats the diseased state of habit, in which has them that nothing is truly desirable which is not one plan to the other alternately. The annexed taoriginated any mental aberration, by the same reme- calculated to advance intellectual happiness. That ble will show the produce of each shot; the first dies that he employs in simple corporeal diseases. such a state of society, however, should ever exist, being No. 1, in the flint column, the second No. 2, If these premises, therefore, be correct, the infer- is rather to be desired than expected; for whatever in the percussion ditto; thus a round of twentyence must be admitted, that the mode of dieting other changes may have taken place within the last four shots was fired, as numbered in the tables, 1, youth may have a considerable effect on the deve- century, men in this respect have remained station-2, 3, 4, 5, &c. being eight shots each day. The lopement of mind. In considering this subject, we ary; and the following sentence, written fifty years strength, or penetration, was also ascertained in the set out with this remark, that the intention of nour- ago, is applicable to the present moment:-"All as- same way; the shot used, averaged 254 to the oz.; ishment in man is certainly not so much to add semblies of jollity, all places of public entertain-the target 21 by 19 inches, and the distance 40 to the bulk of the body as to fit it for the measured yards. It will be seen from this statedue performance of the purposes of his creation; and, acquiescing in this truth, in laying down rules

*Shakspeare, Henry IV.

Shakspeare, Love's Labour Lost.

* Johnson.

March 12, 1787.

MICHAEL NESTOR.

ment, that the percussion principle was decidedly is, and five shillings to the Groom-Good pasturand for strength of bone. I believe no full-bred the best in garnish as well as in strength, being a age, securely fenced, only for mares that come 12 horse that has ever been in these parts was equal to complete refutation of the above assertion The or 15 miles, gratis; provided they are taken away him. Atlas is brother on the dam's side to Squire kind of wadding used on this occasion, is what I in a month after they are done with the horse; other- Gough's beautiful mare. term woollen paste-board, in the flat form; and wise the owners to pay a dollar a week. Care shall would here observe, while on the subject of wad-be taken of them, but escapes and accidents to be ding, that the flat form is decidedly superior to the at the risk of the owner. concave; whether the wadding be made from hempen or woollen paste-board, leather, or felt; this has been proved in a recent experiment, after two days trial of the different kinds of wadding, before a committee appointed for that purpose.

I am, sir, your obedient servant,

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PEDIGREES OF VALUABLE HORSES.

(Continued from page 199.)
TRIMMER.

Chatham was got by Mr. Fitzhugh's Regulus, who was got by Fearnought, who was got by Martindale's Regulus, who was got by the Godolphin Arabian. Jenny Dismal is the Dam of Regulus, she was got by Old Dismal, who won a thousand guineas sweepstake, and five king's plates, without ever be ing once beat. Her dam was got by Lord Godolphin's Whitefoot; her sire by the Godolphin Ara bian: Chatham's dam was Col. Brent's Ehony, who was out of Selima, got by Othello; Selima was got by the Godolphin Arabian.

GEORGE FISHER, Groom.

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Brilliant was bred by Col. Sharp, at White Hall, got by Governor Eden's imported horse Badger, who was bred by Mr. Wildman, and got by Bosphorus, son of Babraham, son of the Godolphin Ara bian. Badger's dam was got by Black and all Black, (when the property of Sir Ralph Gore, beat Lord March's Bajazet, over the Curragh of Kildare, for one thousand guineas a side) his grandam by I hereby certify the bay horse Trimmer, five Old Sterling. Brilliant's dam was got by Othello, years old last grass, was got by Hall's imported son of Crab, which mare was also the dam of horse Eclipse; his dam purchased by Dr. Hamil Sweeper; his grandam by Morton's Traveller; his ton, was got by the imported horse Slim; his gran-great grandam was Col. Tasker's Selima, who was dam was got by Old Figure; his great grandam was got by Tasker's Othello, out of Selima. Given under my hand, this 28th of October, 1791. WILLIAM LYLES.

Prince George's county, October 28th, 1791. Then came William Lyles before me, one of the Justices of the Peace for Prince George's county, and made oath that the above certificate was just and true to the best of his knowledge.

Sworn before me,

Baltimore, March 23d, 1795.

JOSEPH N. BAYNES.

STERLING,

A beautiful bay colt, four years old this spring, near 16 hands high, strong and well proportioned, the property of William Patterson, stands at his plantation called Springfield, on the middle Frederick road, 22 miles from Baltimore, and 5 miles above Allen's mills, will cover a few mares at two guineas the season, and five shillings to the Groom.

Sterling was got by the Hon. Charles Carroll, Esqr's horse Badger; his dam was Mr. Darnell's celebrated Primrose, whose performance, as a running mare, is well known to the gentlemen of the turf.

Pasturage for mares at three shillings and sixpence a week. Proper care will be taken, but I will not be answerable for accidents or escapes. JAMES CONNOR, Overseer.

Baltimore, April 9, 1787.

BADGER

he was got by Gov Eden's Badger, who was got by
Was bred by me; he was ten years old last grass;
Lord Chedworth's Bosphorus, who won seven king's
plates; his dam by Black and all Black, who beat
Flying Childers.
Lord March's famous Bajazet; his grandam by

Badger's dam was got by Samuel Galloway,
Esqr's Selim; his grandam (an imported mare) by
grandam by Old Traveller; his g. g. g. grandam by
Spot; his great grandam by Cartouch; his g. g.
Sedbury; his g. g. g. g. grandam by Childers, out of

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got by the Godolphin Arabian.-An original certifi
cate of the illustrious pedigree of Brilliant, may be
seen at the place he stands at, from under the hands
of Mr. John Ridout and Mr. John Craggs.
On Thursday last, at four o'clock, a highly res-
Pasturage will be provided for mares at 7spectable meeting of medical gentlemen took place
6d. per month, but escapes and accidents must be at
the risk of the proprietors.

March 13, 1786.

ATLAS

at Dr. Simon's house, No. 20, Talbot street, for the purpose of witnessing the wonderful effect of his new self-acting instrument. The gentlemen were introduced into the Doctor's practice-room, who, after having read some pages respecting the utility of his very ingenious instrument, be prepared it in less Stands this season at the seat of Mr. Benjamin than half a minute -The Doctor, assisted by one Nicholson, in Baltimore county, at two guineas, and of the medical gentlemen present, introduced the I hereby certify the horse Trimmer, this day sold five shillings to the Groom. He was got by the im- flexible tube into the stomach of a man whom he Ashbel Wells, won the colt's purse of twenty gui-ported horse Ranter, who was got by Dimple, son had procured for the purpose, and he extracted neas at Bladensburg-a forty guinea purse at Balti of the Godolphin Arabian, his dam by a famous thirty-two ounces of fluid, and removed the tube, more-a fifty guinea purse at Annapolis-a fifty horse of Lord Craven, his grandam by Crab-Crab in the short space of twenty seconds, without having pound purse at Hagerstown. was got by the Alcock Arabian, his dam by the Duke | produced the slightest degree of pain or motion to C. RIDGLEY, of Hampton. of Devonshire's Basto, out of the daughter of the the person during the operation Several meetings sire of Leeds, and the Byerly Turk. The dam of took place previous, but the experiment had only Atlas was got by the noted imported horse Lans-been perforined on bladders, and yet had given so dale, (the property of Secretary Nelson of Virginia) much satisfaction, that the Doctor received a certiout of an imported mare, the property of John Page, Esq. of Rosewell, Virginia. He is rising four years old, fifteen hands and a half bigh, a beautiful red bay, with a star, snip, aud white hind feet Few horses excel this colt, in form and carriage,

CHATHAM

Will stand this season, at Dr. Belt's farm, on the Great Falls of Gunpowder, (where he stood last year) and cover mares at sixteen bushels of mer chantable wheat, delivered at Mr. Gittings's or Capt Ridgely's Mill, and five shillings to the Groom; but if paid by the last day of November, twelve bush

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ficate, signed by 32 of the first physicians and surgeons in Dublin, stating their opinion on his ingenious invention, as being a most valuable improvement; but nothing could equal the general satisfaction, and even astonishment, which the very deci

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