Sec.

1345.1. Distinguished Service Cross in lieu of Certificate of Merit and Distinguished Service Medal. [New.]

1345.1. Distinguished service cross in lieu of certificate of merit and distinguished service medal. The Distinguished Service Cross shall be issued to all enlisted men of the Army to whom the certificate of merit was issued under the provisions of previously existing law in lieu of such certificate of merit.

Those persons who have heretofore received the Distinguished Service Medal in lieu of the certificate of merit under the provisions of the Act of July 9, 1918 (40 Stat. 870-872), shall be issued the Distinguished Service Cross provided the Distinguished Service Medal is first surrendered to the War Department. (March 5, 1934, c. 44, ss. 1, 2, 48 Stat. 396; 10 U. S. C. 1408a.)

HISTORICAL NOTE

This is "An Act To award the Distinguished Service Cross to former holders of the certificate of merit, and for other purposes."

CROSS REFERENCE

See sections 1345 and 1397.

1348.1. Soldier's medal authorized.-Under such rules and regulations as he may prescribe the President is hereby authorized to present, but not in the name of Congress, a medal to be known as the soldier's medal, of appropriate design, with accompanying ribbon, to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Army of the United States, including the National Guard and the Organized Reserves, shall hereafter distinguish himself, or herself, by heroism not involving actual conflict with an enemy.

No more than one soldier's medal shall be issued to any one person; but for each succeeding deed or act sufficient to justify the award of the soldier's medal the President may award a suitable bar, or other suitable device, to be worn as he shall direct. (July 2, 1926, c. 721, s. 11, 44 Stat. 789; 10 U. S. C. 1428.)

HISTORICAL NOTE

This is section 11 of the Act referred to in section 1348.

1349. Additional pay for holders of soldier's medall or distinguished-flying cross.—

NOTES OF DECISIONS

The award of the soldier's medal under section 11 of the act of July 2, 1926, 44 Stat. 789, to an enlisted man of the Army for an act of heroism while serving as an enlisted member of the National Guard entitles him under section 13 of the act to additional pay at the rate of $2 per month from the date of enlistment in the Army. (13 Comp. Gen. 282.)

Sec.

1348.1. Soldier's Medal authorized. [New.]

1352. Gratuitous issue of certain Army service medals, fourrageres, etc., authorized.—

NOTES OF DECISIONS

Who may earn.-Service medals and clasps of the Army of the U. S. are awarded for service in one or more of the following-named capacities only Officer, Warrant officer, Cadet at United States Military Academy, Enlisted man, Army nurse, Contract nurse, Paymaster's clerk, Pay clerk, Field clerk, Contract surgeon, Contract dental surgeon, Acting dental surgeon, Veterinarian of Cavalry or Field Artillery, Member of the Student's Army Training Corps.

A service medal or clasp will not be awarded for service rendered as a Civilian candidate at an officers' training camp, Conscientious objector or religious objector who refused to wear the uniform or accept service in any branch of the Army, Man accepted by a local board, but rejected at camp before entering on regular duty thereat, Member of the National Guard who reported at company rendezvous in response to a call of the President and who upon physical examination was rejected before entering on active duty. (Army Reg. 600-65, 11-20-28.)

Character of service required.-(a) Service medals and clasps may be earned by honorable service only. Service in an enlistment which was terminated otherwise than honorably is not considered honorable service, within the meaning of the term as here used.

(b) Except as prescribed in (c) and (d) below, service medals and clasps earned by honorable service will be awarded in the cases of persons who have subsequently to such service rendered service other than honorable, provided they have subsequently to the last nonhonorable service been in an honorable status in the Army.

(c) The Philippines congressional medal will be awarded in the cases of all who rendered the prescribed service, and who were honorably discharged from the enlistment including such service, or who died prior to such discharge, regardless of any subsequent dishonorable service.

(d) The Spanish War service medal and the Mexican border service medal will not be awarded to persons who have at any time subsequent to rendition by them of the service which would have entitled them thereto, been dishonorably discharged from the Army or have deserted. (Id.)

Organizations in which service required.-(a) Service medals and clasps are awarded for rendition of the prescribed service in any one or more of the following only:

(1) Regular Army.

(2) Volunteer forces duly mustered into the Federal service. (3) National Guard or Organized Militia called or drafted into the Federal service.

(4) Organized Reserves, including the Officers' Reserve Corps, the Enlisted Reserve Corps, and the Regular Army Reserve, while serving on active duty to which ordered, or on which placed, by the President. (b) A service medal or clasp will not be awarded by the War Department for service in any one or more of the following:

(1) United States Navy.

(2) United States Marine Corps.

(3) National Guard or Organized Militia not called or drafted in the Federal service.

(4) Philippine Constabulary.

(5) Home-defense organizations. (Id.)

Civil War Campaign Medal.—Awarded for service between Apr. 15, 1861, and Apr. 9, 1865, and for service in Texas up to Aug. 20, 1866. (Id.)

Indian Campaign Medal.-Awarded for service in the followingnamed campaigns:

(1) In Southern Oregon and Idaho and northern parts of California and Nevada, 1865-1868.

(2) Against Comanches and confederated tribes in Kansas, Colorado, Texas, Indian Territory, and New Mexico, 1867-1875.

(3) Modoc War, 1872 and 1873.

(4) Against Apaches in Arizona, 1873.

(5) Against northern Cheyennes and Sioux, 1876 and 1877. (6) Nez Perce War, 1877.

(7) Bannock War, 1878.

(8) Against northern Cheyennes, 1878 and 1879.

(9) Against Sheepeaters, Piutes, and Bannocks, June to October, 1879.

(10) Against Utes in Colorado and Utah, September, 1879, to November, 1880.

(11) Against Apaches in Arizona and New Mexico, 1885 and 1886. The operations of officers and enlisted men who served with Troops C, E, F, and L, Third Cavalry, from Fort Davis, Tex., and detachment of Troop M, Third Cavalry, from Camp Pena, Colorado, Tex., in June and July, 1885, in preventing hostile Apache Indians from entering the State of Texas, form part of this campaign.

(12) Against Sioux in South Dakota, November, 1890, to January, 1891. The operations of the command of Lieut. Col. Edwin V. Sumner, Eighth Cavalry, on the Cheyenne River, S. Dak., from November, 1890, until January, 1891, and of Troops F and G, Eighth Cavalry, which proceeded from Fort Yates, N. Dak., to the camp of Sitting Bull at the time of the skirmish which resulted in the death of that Indian, form part of this campaign.

(13) For service in any action not occurring in one of the campaigns mentioned above, but against hostile Indians, in which there were killed or wounded on the side of the United States troops, the award of the medal in this case being limited to those who were present and actually participated in such action. (Id.)

Spanish Campaign Medal.-Awarded for service ashore in, or on the high seas en route to

(1) Cuba, between May 11, 1898, and July 17, 1898.

(2) Puerto Rico, between July 24, 1898, and Aug. 13, 1898. (3) Philippine Islands, between June 30, 1898, and Aug. 16, 1898. (Id.)

Spanish War Service Medal.-Awarded for service of not less than 90 days in the war with Spain between Apr. 20, 1898, and Apr. 11, 1899, by those who are not eligible to receive the Spanish campaign medal. (Id.)

Army of Cuban Occupation Medal.-Awarded for service in Cuba between July 18, 1898, and May 20, 1902. (Id.)

(Id.)

Army of Puerto Rican Occupation Medal.-Awarded for service in Puerto Rico between Aug. 14, 1898, and Dec. 10, 1898. Philippine Campaign Medal.-Awarded for service

(1) Ashore in the Philippine Islands between Feb. 4, 1899, and July 4, 1902.

(2) Ashore in the Department of Mindanao, P. I., between Feb. 4, 1899, and Dec. 31, 1904.

(3) In the field in the operations against Pulajanes, on the Island of Leyte from July 20, 1906, to June 30, 1907, or on the Island of Samar from on or about Aug. 2, 1904, to June 30, 1907.

(4) In the following expeditions:

(a) Against Pala and his followers, Jolo, P. I., April and May, 1905.

(b) Against Datu Ali and his followers, Mindanao, P. I., October, 1905.

(c) Against hostile Moros on Mount Bud-Dajo, Jolo, P. I., March, 1906.

(d) Against hostile Moros on Mount Bagsac, Jolo, P. I., January to July, 1913.

(e) In Mindanao and Jolo as member of any authorized expedition against hostile Moros, 1910, 1911, 1912, and 1913.

(5) In the field against an enemy in any action in which there were killed or wounded on the side of the United States troops participating. (Id.)

Philippines Congressional Medal.-Awarded to those who, having entered the service under a call of the President for the war with Spain, served beyond the date on which they were entitled to their discharge, to help to suppress the Philippine insurrection, and were subsequently honorably discharged from the Army or died prior to such discharge. Service as an enlisted man in the Regular Army, to count, must have been under an enlistment entered into between Apr. 21 and October 26, 1898. (Id.)

China Campaign Medal.—Awarded for service ashore in China with the Peking relief expedition between June 20, 1900, and May 27, 1901. (Id.)

Army of Cuban Pacification Medal.-Awarded for service in Cuba between Oct. 6, 1906, and Apr. 1, 1909. (Id.)

Mexican Service Medal.-Awarded for service

(1) In Mexico, afloat or ashore, as members of the Vera Cruz expedition between Apr. 24, 1914, and Nov. 26, 1914.

(2) In Mexico as members of the punitive or other authorized expedition between Mar. 14, 1916, and Feb. 7, 1917.

(3) In any engagement against Mexicans between Apr. 12, 1911, and Feb. 7, 1917, in which there were casualties on the side of the United States troops.

(4) By those who were present as members of the Mexican border patrol between Apr. 12, 1911, and Feb. 7, 1917, in proximity to an engagement between Mexicans which resulted in casualties among their own company, troop, battery, or detachment.

(5) By those who participated in or were in close proximity to either of the following-named engagements against Mexicans:

(a) Near Buena Vista, Mexico, on Dec. 1, 1917.

(b) In San Bernardino Canon, Mexico, on Dec. 26, 1917.

(c) Near La Grulla, Tex., Jan. 8 and 9, 1918.

(d) At Pilares, Mexico, on or about Mar. 28, 1918.

(e) At Nogales, Ariz., on Aug. 27, 1918.

(f) Near El Paso, Tex., and Juarez, Mexico, June 15-16, 1919. When the military service of any individual warrants the furnishing to him of a Mexican service medal, such individual, or if he be deceased, his next of kin, may be furnished such medal without being required to surrender any Mexican border service medal which may have been issued to him. Persons in the military service, who have received both the Mexican service medal and the Mexican border service medal may, however, wear on the Army uniform only one of such medals or the pertinent service ribbon. (Id.)

Mexican Border Service Medal.-Awarded for service

(1) In the National Guard, on the Mexican border, or elsewhere in the field, in 1916 or 1917, under a call of the President for Mexican border duty.

(2) In the Regular Army, as a member of the Mexican border patrol, between Jan. 1, 1916, and Apr. 6, 1917. Service as an actual member of the Mexican border patrol is required; service at a station on the Mexican border is not sufficient.

The Mexican border service medal will not be awarded to a person eligible to receive or who has received the Mexican service medal. (Id.) Victory Medal.-Awarded for service—

(1) On active duty at any time between Apr. 6, 1917, and Nov. 11, 1918.

(2) As a member of the American Expeditionary Forces in Siberia, or European Russia, after having entered the service subsequently to Nov. 11, 1918. (Id.)

Battle Clasps.-Awarded for service in the following specified major operations, one for service in each such operation:

(1) Cambrai, between 20th of November and 4th of December, 1917. (2) Somme, defensive, between 21st of March and 6th of April, 1918. (3) Lys, between 9th of April and 27th of April, 1918.

(4) Aisne, on the Chemin des Dames, and northeast of Rheims, between 27th of May and 5th of June, 1918.

(5) Montdidier-Noyon, between 9th of June and 13th of June. 1918. (6) Champagne-Marne, between 15th of July and 18th of July, 1918. (7) Aisne-Marne, between 18th of July and 6th of August, 1918. (8) Somme, offensive, between 8th of August and 11th of November, 1918.

(9) Oise-Aisne, between 18th of August and 11th of November, 1918. (10) Ypres-Lys, between 19th of August and 11th of November, 1918.

(11) St. Mihiel, between 12th of September and 16th of September, 1918. (12) Meuse-Argonne, between 26th of September and 11th of November, 1918.

(13) Vittorio-Veneto, between 24th of October and 4th of November, 1918.

Members of organizations of the First Army in reserve and in battle area are entitled to battle clasps for the major operations in which that army was engaged between September 12, 1918, and November 11, 1918, provided they were present with their organization, except that the portion of the First Army area (see "Map showing boundaries of First and Second Armies, Aug. 29-Nov. 11, 1918") assigned to the Second Army upon the organization of the latter on or about October 12, 1918, shall be considered as outside of the area of the MeuseArgonne offensive.

To be eligible for a battle clasp the individual must have been actually present, under competent orders, in the sector of the army, corps, division, or smaller independent organization during the period in which the organization was engaged. He must have had an actual duty to perform in that locality and, if an officer ordered to the locality individually, must have been under a mileage status. The individual may have belonged to the organization in question, been attached to it, or have served with it in some independent capacity. (Id.)

Defensive Sector Clasp-Awarded for service, irrespective of awards for major operations, one only being awarded, notwithstanding that service may have been rendered in more than one defensive sector:

(1) In the First Army area between August 30 and November 11, 1918, or in the Second Army area between October 12 and November 11, 1918.

(2) At the regulating station at St. Dizier and in the building region in connection therewith between October 31 and November 11, 1918. (3) In the area of corps, divisions, or smaller independent organizations under French, British, Belgian, or Italian commands, between Apr. 6, 1917, and Nov. 11, 1918.

(4) In any engagement not included in one of the major operations listed in (n) above.

(5) In any engagement in European Russia after Aug. 1, 118, or in Siberia after Aug. 15, 1918. (Id.)

Service Clasps.-Awarded for service, to those not entitled to a battle clasp.

(1) In the following-named countries, one for service in each such country, except as prescribed in (e) below:

(a) In France between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918.
(b) In Italy between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918.
(c) In Siberia.

(d) In European Russia.

(e) In England between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918. The clasp for this service will be awarded only to those who served in England and are not entitled to one of the other clasps enumerated in this subparagraph.

(2) As a member of the crew of an Army or commercial transport between the United States and Europe, in one or more of the capacities prescribed in paragraph 3a, the kind of service clasp to depend upon the name of the European country for which the transport sailed. Not more than one service clasp, however, will be awarded under this authority on account of the service of any one individual. (Id.)

Purple Heart.-By order of the President of the United States, the Purple Heart, established by General George Washington at Newburgh, August 7, 1782, during the War of the Revolution, is hereby revived out of respect to his memory and military achievements. (G. O. No. 3, War Dept. 2-22-32.)

Awards of the Purple Heart for acts or service performed prior to Feb. 22, 1932, will be confined to the following persons:

(a) To those who, as members of the Army of the United States, have been awarded the meritorious service citation certificate by the commander in chief of the American Expeditionary Forces in the World War and who make application for the Purple Heart and such Oak-Leaf Clusters to which they may be entitled.

(b) To those who are authorized to wear wound chevrons as prescribed in AR 600-95 and who make application for the Purple Heart and such Oak-Leaf Clusters to which they may be entitled.

(c) To those persons not authorized prior to Feb. 22, 1932, to wear the wound chevron who would otherwise have been authorized to wear the same under the provisions of paragraph 3 c and d, AR 600-95. (Army Reg. 600-45, 8-8-32.)

For acts or service performed subsequent to Feb. 22, 1932, the Purple Heart will not be awarded after more than three years from the date of such act or service, nor unless the recommendation therefor shall have been made at the time of such act or service, or within two years thereafter. (Id.)

1362. Spanish War and Mexican border medals for members of National Guard.

The words "not less than ninety days" in lines 7 and 8, should be omitted and "May 14, 1934, c. 284, 48 Stat. 776" added to the citation.

1378. Expenditure for Navy medals, crosses, or other devices; replacement of lost medals, crosses, or devices.

NOTES OF DECISIONS

Civil War Medal.-Is issued to officers and enlisted men of the Navy who served in the Navy during the Civil War, between Apr. 15, 1861, and Apr. 9, 1865. (Par. A-1015, Bur. Nav. Man., Chap. I, Part A, 1931.)

Spanish Campaign Medal.-Is issued to all persons who were in the naval service not less than 90 days between April 20, 1898, and Dec. 10, 1898. (Par. A-1016. Id.)

Philippine Campaign Medal.-Is issued to officers and enlisted men of the Navy who served in the Navy in Philippine waters during the Philippine campaign, and were attached to one of certain vessels. (Par. A-1017. Id.)

China Relief Expedition Medal.-Is issued to officers and enlisted men of the Navy who served in the Navy in Chinese waters during the China Relief Expedition, and were attached to one of certain vessels. (Par. A-1018. Id.)

Cuban Pacification Medal.-Is issued to all officers and enlisted men of the Navy or who have been in the Navy and who served ashore in Cuba between the dates of Sept. 12, 1906, and Apr. 1, 1909, or were attached to any of certain ships during the Cuban Pacification. (Par. A-1019. Id.)

Nicaraguan Campaign Medal.-Is issued to officers and enlisted men of the Navy and Marine Corps who served in Nicaragua or on board any of certain ships between the dates of July 29, 1912, and Nov. 14, 1912. (Par. A-1020. Id.)

Mexican Service Medal.-Is issued to all officers and enlisted men of the Navy and Marine Corps who served on shore at Vera Cruz from April 21, 1914, to April 23, 1914, inclusive, or on board any of certain ships between certain specified dates. (Par. A-1021. Id.)

Haitian Campaign Medal.-This medal is issued: (1) To any officer or enlisted man of the Navy or Marine Corps who served in Haiti during the period of July 9, 1915, to Dec. 6, 1915, or any part of such period; also officers and enlisted men who were attached to certain vessels between certain specified dates; (2) To commemorate the services performed by the personnel of the Navy and Marine Corps during the recent operations in Haiti, a campaign medal to be known as the Haitian campaign medal, 1919-20, will be issued to the officers and men who participated in those operations. The period for which this medal will be issued is from Apr. 1, 1919, to June 15, 1920, and any officer or enlisted man of the Navy or Marine Corps who served in Haiti during this period, or part of such period, is entitled to this medal, as are also the officers and enlisted men who were attached to certain vessels between certain specified dates; (3) In cases where an officer or enlisted man of the Navy or Marine Corps who has received a Haitian campaign medal for services rendered during 1915 is also entitled to a Haitian campaign medal, 1919-20, in lieu of the second medal, a clasp inscribed "1919-1920" will be awarded and issued, to be worn on the ribbon of the Haitian campaign medal first awarded. Officers and men in this category will wear a bronze star on the ribbon representing the medal to denote possession of the 1919-1920 clasp. (Par. A-1022. Id.) Expeditionary medals.-(1) Commemorative of expeditionary service performed by the Marine Corps, an expeditionary medal with numerals for same has been adopted for issue.

(2) While there have been numerous expeditions in which the Marine Corps has participated, those which are deemed worthy of commendation by the award of the above medal are those in which the forces engaged actually landed on foreign territory and for which service no campaign badge has been awarded.

(3) The medal itself represents participation in one of the expeditions listed in article 8-11, Marine Corps Manual. Each additional expedition will be indicated by the placing on the center of the ribbon, above the medal, a metal numeral indicating the total number of expeditions. (4) All officers and enlisted men who participated in an operation listed in article 8-11, Marine Corps Manual, will submit to the Major General Commandant, Headquarters, United States Marine Corps, through official channels, applications for the above medal. This application will contain names and dates of the expeditions for which the medal is claimed, together with the number or name of the unit or organization to which the applicant was attached.

(5) Officers and enlisted men who have become separated under honorable circumstances from the service are entitled to the above medal.

(6) Officers and enlisted men of the Navy who were attached to marine units listed in article 8-11, Marine Corps Manual, will be issued the medal upon their application to headquarters, United States Marine Corps. (Par. A-1023. Id.)

Dominican Campaign Medal.-(1) To commemorate the services performed by the personnel of the Navy and Marine Corps during the operations in Santo Domingo in 1916, a campaign medal to be known as the Dominican campaign medal will be issued to the officers and men who participated in those operations.

(2) The period for which this medal will be issued is from May 5, 1916, to Dec. 4, 1916, and any officer or enlisted man of the Navy or Marine Corps who served in Santo Domingo during this period, or part of such period, is entitled to this medal, as are also the officers and enlisted men who were attached to certain vessels during certain specified dates. (Par. A-1024. Id.)

Victory Medal (World War service medal).—(1) A war service medal to be known as a victory medal will be awarded to all persons in the naval service who served on active duty between Apr. 6, 1917, and Nov. 11, 1918, or who entered the Naval Service on or after Nov. 12, 1918, and prior to Mar. 30, 1920, and served not less than 10 days on shore in Northern Russia or Siberia, or who were attached to one of the following vessels: Albany, Brooklyn, Des Moines, Eagle Nos. 1, 2, or 3, New Orleans, South Dakota, or Yankton.

(2) A service clasp with the duty inscribed thereon to be worn on the ribbon of the medal will be authorized for each person who performed any of the duties designated below. No one will be entitled to more than one service clasp.