1973 133 p (Contract DOT-FA72WA-3118) (AD-771606) Avail: NTIS CSCL 01/3 The report in four volumes presents the results of an analysis of the effects of cost changes on general aviation activity. Volume 2 presents the rationale and methodology used in the analysis. (Modified author abstract) GRA N74-17781# Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio. GENERAL AVIATION COST IMPACT STUDY. VOLUME 3: PLANNING GUIDE Final Report J. W. Chadwick, T. W. Hall, E. T. Yeager, and R. W. Cote Jun. 1973 218 p (Contract DOT-FA72WA-3118) (AD-771759) Avail: NTIS CSCL 01/3 The report in four volumes presents the results of an analysis of the effects of cost changes on general aviation acitivity. The major objectives of the study were to investigate ownership and operating costs in each segment of general aviation, and to develop methodology for evaluating the cost impact of regulatory changes on general aviation activity. The study effort included compilation of a cost and activity data base, definition of fixed and variable cost centers, determination of cost sensitivity relationships and determination of cost impact relationships. The results are presented in graphical form in Volume 3 of this report to facilitate easy use. (Modified author abstract) GRA N74-17783# Army Materiel Systems Analysis Agency. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md. HELICOPTER WEIGHT, SIZE, AND PERFORMANCE PROGRAM George W. Koch Jun. 1973 60 p refs (DA Proj. 1T6-65706-M-541) (AD-771140; AMSAA-TR-65) Avail: NTIS CSCL 01/3 The report portrays an analysis method which was developed for determining the weight, size, and performance of helicopters. The analysis method was programmed in FORTRAN 4 for use on a high speed digital computer (BRLESC). The program was specifically developed for trending and comparison purposes. There are sixteen helicopter characteristics, such as, speed, range, payload, disc loading, blade solidity, passive defense features, etc., which can be varied in order to give insight into their effects on the weight, size, and performance of helicopters. All of the characteristics are coordinated so that the effect of them on each other can be examined in context. 03 AUXILIARY SYSTEMS Author (GRA) Includes fuel cells, energy conversion cells, and solar cells: auxiliary gas turbines, hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical systems; actuators; and inverters. For related information see also: 09 Electronic Equipment; Nuclear Engineering; and 28 Propulsion Systems. N74-17784*# Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass. FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A SATELLITE SOLAR POWER STATION Final Report Peter E. Glaser, Owen E. Maynard (Raytheon Co., Sudbury, Mass.), John Mackovciak, Jr. (Grumman Aerospace Corp.), and Eugene L. Ralph (Spectrolab., Inc., Sylmar, Calif.) Washington NASA Feb. 1974 199 p refs (Contract NAS3-16804) (NASA-CR-2357; ADL-C-74830) Avail: NTIS HC $5.50 CSCL 10A A feasibility study of a satellite solar power station (SSPS) was conducted: (1) to explore how an SSPS could be "flown" and controlled in orbit; (2) to determine the techniques needed to avoid radio frequency interference (RFI); and (3) to determine the key environmental, technological, and economic issues involved. Structural and dynamic analyses of the SSPS structure were performed, and deflections and internal member loads were determined. Desirable material characteristics were assessed and technology developments identified. Flight control performance of the SSPS baseline design was evaluated and parametric sizing studies were performed. The study of RFI avoidance techniques covered: (1) optimization of the microwave transmission system; (2) device design and expected RFI; and (3) SSPS RFI effects The identification of key issues involved (1) microwave generation, transmission, and rectification and solar energy conversion; (2) environmental-ecological impact and biological effects; and (3) economic issues. The feasibility of the SSPS based on the parameters of the study was established. Author All the types of actuators and associated operators used in booster, upper stage, and spacecraft propulsion and reactioncontrol systems except for chemical-explosive actuators and turbine actuators are discussed. Discussion of static and dynamic seals, mechanical transmission of motion, and instrumentation is included to the extent that actuator or operator design is affected. Selection of the optimum actuator configuration is discussed for specific application which require a tradeoff study that considers all the relevant factors: available energy sources. load capacity, stroke, speed of response, leakage limitations. environmental conditions, chemical compatibility, storage life and conditions, size, weight, and cost. These factors are interrelated with overall control-system design evaluations that are beyond the scope of this monograph; however, literature references are cited for a detailed review of the general considerations. Perinent advanced-state-of-the-art design concepts are surveyed briefly. Author N74-17786*# Linguistic Systems, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. GENERATORS K. I. Shenfer and A. Ivanov Washington NASA Mar. 1974 11 p refs Transl. into ENGLISH from Elektrichestvo (USSR). v. 61. 1940 p 14-16 (Contract NASW-2482) (NASA-TT-F-15347) Avail: NTIS HC $4.00 CSCL 10A The use of carborundum-graphite resistors to control the voltage output from small wind-powered generators is described. Experiments were performed for devising methods of regulating dc generators to supply constant voltage, and a new type of nonlinear resistor was developed for use as a regulator. Author N74-17787*# Linguistic Systems, Inc.. Cambridge, Mass. P. Juchem Washington NASA Feb. 1974 19 p refs Transl (NASA-TT-F-15355) Avail: NTIS HC $4.00 CSCL 10A The most important energy sources on earth, next to the sun and water, are coal and oil. However, it seems that these deposits will be exhausted in the forseeable future. Large windpower plants are destined to play an important role in the tapping of new energy sources. Their viability must be judged from the research and development work carried out in the U.S.S.R., the U.K., the U.S.A., and Germany. N74-17788*# Space Center. Author HIGH VOLTAGE SOLAR ARRAY EXPERIMENTS Report K. L. Kennerud Mar. 1974 136 p refs (Contract NAS3-14364) (NASA-CR-121280) Avail: NTIS HC $10.00 CSCL 10A The interaction between the components of a high voltage solar array and a simulated space plasma is studied to obtain data for the design of a high voltage solar array capable of 15kW at 2 to 16kV. Testing was conducted in a vacuum chamber 1.5-m long by 1.5-m diameter having a plasma source which simulated the plasma conditions existing in earth orbit between 400 nautical miles and synchronous altitude. Test samples included solar array segments pinholes in insulation covering high voltage electrodes, and plain dielectric samples. Quantitative data are presented in the areas of plasma power losses, plasma and high voltage induced damage, and dielectric properties. Limitations of the investigation are described. Author Inc., Cambridge, Mass. SOLAR ENERGY N74-17790# Little (Arthur D.), Two obstacles to harnassing solar energy, storage and collection, are discussed in terms of solar heating and cooling systems for buildings. The cost ranges for heating with solar energy are compared with the use of conventional fuels. Photovoltaic conversion of solar energy is discussed along with solar energy conversion in space, solar heat engine power plants, wind energy, and ocean thermal gradients for powering large heat engines. K.M.M. N74-17791*# Yardney Electric Corp., Pawcatuck, Conn. DEVELOPMENT AND FABRICATION OF SEALED SILVERZINC CELLS, PHASE 1 Final Report Ivan C. Blake and C. Philip Donnel, III Dec. 1973 56 prefs (Contract NAS3-16805) (NASA-CR-134591) Avail: NTIS HC $6.00 CSCL 10C A facility was designed, constructed and equipped for the production of prismatic alkaline rechargeable battery cells using inorganic (ceramic) separators. This unique facility is environmentally controlled and contains separate areas for electrode fabrication, separator processing, cell assembly, cell finishing and testing. An initial production run of 125 sealed silver zinc cells, using inorganic separators, was made in the facility in order to provide samples for baseline performance tests. Ten of these cells were given performance characterization and life cycle Author tests. (NASA-TT-F-15419) Avail: NTIS HC $4.25 CSCL 10A Both classical and theoretical methods for preventing wind engines from overspeeding are described. The greatest drawback in the use of these devices is seen to be their inability to compete with other power sources on an economic basis. In this connection there is a detailed description of the failure of the Grandpa's Knob experiment conducted in Vermont in the early 1940's: the technical defects were minor in comparison to the lack of economic feasibility. Russian efforts and Danish projects are discussed briefly. Author N74-17793*# General Electric Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Space Div. MINI-BRAYTON HEAT SOURCE ASSEMBLY DESIGN Major conclusions of the space shuttle heat source assembly study are reported that project a minimum weight design for a Titan 3 C synchronous orbit mission; requirements to recover the heat source in orbit are eliminated. This concept permits location of the heat source end enclosure supports and heat source assembly support housing in a low temperature region external to the insulation enclosure and considers titanium and beryllium alloys for these support elements. A high melting insulation blanket consisting of nickel foil coated with zirconia, or of gold foil separated with glass fiber layers, is selected to provide emergency cooling in the range 2000 to 2700 F to prevent the isotope heat source from reaching unsafe temperatures. A graphic view of the baseline heat source assembly is included. G.G. ANALYSIS OF SILICON-GERMANIUM ALLOYS USED IN THERMOELECTRIC APPLICATIONS J. C. Russell Oct. 1973 27 prefs (Contract AT(29-1)-789) (SLA-73-643) Avail: NTIS HC $3.50 Analytical procedures used in support of a thermoelectric alloy development program are described. Methods used to evaluate raw materials, assess process parameters, and to characterize the alloy are summarized. Emphasis is placed on advantages and disadvantages of the methods for a given determination, particularly with respect to the time required for an analysis, cost in man-hours, and the quality of the result in terms of accuracy and precision. Specific data are included to provide some indication of the efficacy of the methods. Author (NSA) N74-17797# Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. School of Electrical Engineering. NOVEL MATERIALS FOR POWER SYSTEMS Semiannual Technical Report, 1 Jun. 30 Nov. 1973 R. J. Schwartz, C. A. Angell, and R. G. Squires Dec. 1973 56 prefs (Grant DAHC15-73-G0011: ARPA Order 2338) (AD-771336) Avail: NTIS CSCL 10/2 The second project is aimed at developing an understanding of glassy materials which conduct electricity by the movement of protons through structure. The long range objective of the third research program is to modify the distribution of oxidation states which are stable at the surface of a metal oxide catalyst by controlling the dispersion of the catalyst on its inert support. Preliminary kinetic studies of the oxidation of carbon monoxide: A maximum rate exists at about 3% Cr. There seems to be little, if any, effect of the dispersion on activity at chromium contents less than one percent. (Modified author abstract) GRA N74-17798# Molecular Energy Corp., Murray Hill, N.J. CONSTRUCTION OF 850 AND 4,000 AMPERE-HOUR SILVER-ZINC CELLS USING INORGANIC SEPARATOR Final Report, Jul. 1972 Oct. 1973 Charles Grun Dec. 1973 32 p (Contract NO0024-73-C-5043) (AD-771397; MEC-10-73) Avail: NTIS CSCL 10/3 A 30 ampere-hour (A.H.) Silver-Zinc cell using government supplied inorganic separator 3420-25-FM was constructed and cycled for 120 50% cycles. Test results are discussed. Two 850 A.H. cells (NR-1 type) and two 4.000 A.H. (Dolphin type) Silver-Zinc cells were constructed using the inorganic 3420-25FM separator. Testing of these cells will be carried out by the government for use in submersible vehicles. (Modified author abstract) GRA N74-17799# Edo Corp., College Point, N.Y. Government Products Div. EXPERIMENTAL REEL RESPONSE SYSTEM FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE SIMPLIFIED AERIAL REFUELING STORE Final Engineering Report R. J. Miko, L. Pino, and H. Schwartz Apr. 1973 56 p (Contract NO0019-70-C-0498) (AD-771389; EDO-9972) Avail: NTIS CSCL 01/2 The report presents the results of a program to verify the feasibility of innovations to a high performance aerial refueling store designed under a previous contract. Operational tests of an experimental hose reel assembly and control system demonstrated the simplicity of system operation and control. The test program demonstrated that the hydrostatic transmission and controls could achieve the desired hose extension, response and retraction accelerations and velocities, and that the hose could be wound onto a 17-inch diameter reel positioned with its axis parallel to the store centerline. Author (GRA) N74-17800# Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Research and Monitoring. ENERGY CONSERVATION STRATEGIES Marquis R. Seidel, Steven E. Plotkin, and Robert O. Reck Jul. 1973 122 prefs (PB-224493/7GA; EPA-R5-73-021) Avail: NTIS MF $1.45; SOD HC $1.25 as EP1.23/3-73-021 CSCL 21D Strategies for reducing national energy demands are examined. It is necessary to find out, for each potential energy saving, how much energy is involved and how costly the alternatives would be. Many users get much of their energy at relatively low prices, and are thus encouraged to waste it; the economist calls this price distortion, a form of market failure. The study analyzes the kinds of market failure which seem to cause the present energy crisis, the kinds of government action which could rectify these failures, and the likely response of the economy to moderate price increases. Numerous actions, some large and some small, would be required to restore a more efficient functioning of the market for energy. In an efficient market, energy price increases of 25% would prompt a halving of the growth of energy demand; through 1990, energy needs would grow 40% rather than the 100% projected at current prices. Author (GRA) N74-17801# California Univ., Riverside. Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics. FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HOT-WATER (AD-771016; IGPP-UCR-73-18; AFOSR-73-2070TR) Avail: NTIS CSCL 10/2 Dennis A. Russell Dec. 1973 71 p (Contract N00014-74-C-0064) (AD-771426; D180-17847-1) Avail: NTIS CSCL 10/2 A test program was conducted investigating the effects of proton and ultraviolet radiation and thermal cycling on U.S. Navy satellite solar panels. Government-supplied test panels were placed in a vacuum chamber and exposed alternately to 200-keV protons to a fluence of 10 to the 15th power p/sq cm, to 270 hours of ultraviolet radiation at a one sun rate, and to 21 thermal cycles. The performance of the test panels in the form of I-V curves was measured in situ before the start of testing and periodically throughout the test. Author (GRA) N74-17804# Energy Research Corp., Bethel, Conn. Richard E. Engdahl, Joseph F. Engelberger, and B. S. Baker (Contract DAAB07-71-C-0222; DA Proj. 1T7-62705-A-053) (AD-771959; ECOM-0222-F-71) Avail: NTIS CSCL 10/2 Drawing upon technology acquired in the development of a 100 watt flame-heated thermionic diode, the contractor addressed the development effort toward a scale up to 1300 watts. The design concept called for a multiplicity of diodes serially connected in a single module. This was deemed necessary to minimize losses in power extraction and in power conditioning. Accomplishments included fabrication of SiC flame barriers in the size required and development of multiple layer refractory metal and insulation assembly techniques using chemical vapor deposition. (Modified author abstract) GRA N74-17805# Energy Research Corp., Bethel, Conn. SECONDARY ZINC-OXYGEN BATTERIES Final Report, Jun. 1972 - Jun. 1973 M. Klein Nov. 1973 46 prefs The report describes research and development leading to the construction of a long life high energy density sealed zinc-oxygen secondary battery which is capable of operating over the range of temperatures and rates compatible with Army communications and surveillance equipment. It includes investigations and screening of inorganic separator materials. optimization of the rechargeable zinc electrodes, investigation of various rechargeable oxygen electrode schemes, including bifunctional and monofunctional electrodes, and design, fabrication and testing of a lightweight sealed 6 volt, 25 ampere-hour zinc-oxygen battery. GRA Aerosol survival and virulence of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa cultures isolated during exposure to simulated space cabin environment was studied using the microthread captured aerosol technique. The aerosol survival of P. aeruginosa isolates did not differ significantly from that of the original culture from which the isolates were obtained. The mean death rate of the isolates was 1.03%/min and that of the controls 1.10%/min. Similarly exposure to the 5 psi environment did not affect the virulence of P. aeruginosa. Both strains of S. aureus (IITRI and NASA) after exposure to 5 psi environment showed some degree of adaptation to this environmental stress. The aerosol death rates of the isolated organisms were 5 to 10-fold lower than of the original cultures. At the same time the virulence of the isolates was approximately 5-fold higher than that of the original culture. Author the presence of vacuoles in the renal tubular epithelial cells. Author N74-17810*# Techtran Corp., Glen Burnie, Md. P. Leconte and E. Hennevin Washington NASA Feb. 1974 (NASA-TT-F-15380) Avail: NTIS HC $4.00 CSCL 06C Experiments carried out on 36 rats prove that avoidance conditioning is followed by an increase in duration of paradoxal sleep (PS). When as much as 180 minutes is allowed between conditioning and the possibility of sleep, no significant modification of PS length is noted. Author (NASA-TT-F-15384) Avail: NTIS HC $4.25 CSCL 06S The physiopathological effects of types of acceleration varying in direction of application, intensity, and duration are discussed. Reasons are given for the selection of a take-off position allowing the astronaut to receive the accelerative force transversally. Studies of the oxygen saturation level of the arterial blood are reviewed with attention to the influence of this factor on the psychomotor response capability of the individual. Cardiorespiratory problems. including pulmonary collapse, are given particular attention, and there is some discussion of changes in cell morphology and the problem of weight loss due to dehydration. Author N74-17812*# Techtran Corp., Glen Burnie, Md. R. Lambert, M. S. Martin, and F. Martin Washington NASA (NASA-TT-F-15388) Avail: NTIS HC $4.00 CSCL 06S Proof was gathered that conditions of restraint in a metal tube can cause gastric ulcers in rats. The female rat proved to be more susceptible to ulcers than the males. Author N74-17813*# Techtran Corp., Glen Burnie, Md. C. Labie, H. Le Bars, and J. Tournut Washington NASA Feb. (NASA-TT-F-15389) Avail: NTIS HC $4.00 CSCL 06S Pigs subject to experimental restraint by forced immobilization for 24 hours showed in all cases phenomena of sanguine stasis in the gastric mucous membranes and, with 80% of the subjects, ulcers of the fundus mucous. The pancreas of these animals showed lesions of ischemic necrosis which was rather intense and the medullo-suprarenal was in a state of degranulation. The suprarenal and vascular modifications appear to be concomitant and not consecutive and probably have as their origin a central nervous disturbance. Author N74-17814*# Techtran Corp., Glen Burnie, Md. REPERCUSSIONS OF RESTRAINT ON THERMAL REGULATION IN THE WHITE RAT KEPT AT DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES M. Prioux-Guyonneau Washington NASA Feb. 1974 8 p refs Transl. into ENGLISH from Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. (Paris). v. 164, 27 Jan. 1970 p 72-75 (Contract NA SW-2485) (NASA-TT-F-15392) Avail: NTIS CSCL 06S The effects of restraint on thermal regulation are studied using rats kept at various environmental temperatures. Considera N74-17816*# Kanner (Leo) Associates. Redwood City, Calif. CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE ACTION OF THE ADRENOCORTICAL GLANDS ON THE PRODUCTION OF GASTRIC ULCERATIONS IN THE RAT BY PROLONGED IMMOBILITY A. Sneer, M. Dinu, V. Stroia, E. Constantin, and I. Nitulescu Washington NASA Mar. 1974 13 p refs Transl. into ENGLISH from Fiziol. Norm. Patol. (Bucharest), v. 15, 1969 p 307-315 (Contract NASW-2481) (NASA-TT-F-15410) Avail: NTIS HC $4.00 CSCL 06S Experiments were carried out on male rats, restrained by a special system of immobilization for 24 hr. Weight variations and the mortality rate were investigated, as well as the ulcerated gastric area and urinary eliminations of uropepsin, 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. Intact animals subjected to immobilization had a mortality of 11%. Immobilization of the adrenalectomized animals induced a mortality of 44%, whereas im mobilization combined with the administration of cortisone permitted survival of all animals. Gastric lesions were produced in 78% of the immobilized animals. This increased to 100% in animals subjected to immobilization associated with cortisone and dropped to 44% in adrenalectomized and immobilized rats. None of the controls (rats not immobilized but kept on a fasting diet for the duration of the experiment) exhibited any lesions of the gastric mucosa. Author (Grant NGR-44-087-001) (NASA-CR-137095) Avail: NTIS HC $3.00 CSCL 02C Spectroradiometric data on the bidirectional reflectance function was collected for a cotton canopy as a function of observer zenith angle, observer angle, and solar zenith angle. The area under study was about 40 miles from the Gulf of Mexico and the prevailing winds blew inland such that cloud formation increased during the day. The standard reflectance panel was constructed of plywood that had been spray painted with a flat white latex paint. Physical and optical plant parameters were measured. A time lapse mechanism was constructed to operate a 16 mm movie camera such that single frames could be exposed at intervals of one per second up to one per hour Data were digitized from a strip chart recorder and reflectance panel measurements. J.A.M. N74-17820# Joint Publications Research Service, Arlington. Va. A. I. Burnazyan, ed., O. G. Gazenko, ed., V. V. Parin, ed. et al (JPRS-61236-1-Pt-1) Avail: NTIS HC $15.25 More than 2,000 definitions of terms are presented that are used in theoretical and applied space biology and medicine and related fields associated with the support of manned flights aboard spaceships and in orbital stations. Author CONCISE HANDBOOK ON SPACE BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, PART 2 A. I. Burnazyan, ed., O. G. Gazenko, ed., V. V. Parin, ed. et al 15 Feb. 1974 283 P Transl. into ENGLISH from the book "Kratkiy Spravochník po Kosmicheskoy Biologii i Meditsine" Moscow, Meditsina, 1972 390 p Revised (JPRS-61236-2-Pt-2) Avail: NTIS HC $17.25 The second part of the handbook continues definitions of terms used in theoretical and applied space biology and medicine and related fields and associated with the support of manned flights aboard spaceships and in orbital stations. Author N74-17823 Joint Publications Research Service, Arlington, Va. EFFECT OF TRANSMERIDIONAL FLIGHTS ON THE HUMAN BODY S. I. Stephanova In its Space Biol. and Aerospace Med., Vol. 8, No. 1, 1974 (JPRS-61487) 15 Mar. 1974 P 1-14 refs Transl. into ENGLISH from Kosm. Biol. Aviakosm. Med. (Moscow). v. 8, no. 1, 1974 p 3-12 (For availability see N74-17822 09-04) The pertinent literature is reviewed. The functions which have exhibited desynchronosis after transmeridional flights are described and the relationship between the time of synchronization of circadian rhythms in the body and local time and the level of the time change, individual factors, geographical direction of the flight (to the west or east) and the outgoing and return flight is discussed. Recommendations on how to reduce the negative effect of transmeridional flight on flight personnel, athletes and businessmen are presented. Author N74-17824 Joint Publications Research Service, Arlington, Va PROBLEMS IN SPACE RADIOBIOLOGY AND RADIATION SAFETY OF SPACE FLIGHTS C. A. Tobias and Yu. G. Grigoryev In its Space Biol. and Aerospace |