The history of the reign of emperor Charles I with: a the progress of society in Europe and The life of Charles I after his abdication
VIEW OF THE PROGRESS OF SOCIETY IN EUROPE WITH RESPECT TO INTERIOR
GOVERNMENT, LAWS, AND MANNERS.
The Effects of the Roman Power on the State of Europe-The Irruption of the Bar-
barous Nations-Their Settlements in the Countries they had conquered-Decay
of the Roman Empire-Desolation occasioned by the Barbarians-Origin of the
present Political System of Europe-The Feudal System-Its Effects upon the
Arts, Literature, and Religion-the Crusades, and their Effects upon Society-
Growth of Municipal Institutions-Emancipation of the Peasantry-Beginning
of a regular Administration of Justice-Trial by Combat-Appeals Ecclesias-
tical Courts-Discovery of the Code of Justinian-Chivalry-Revival of Learning
-Influence of Commerce-Italians the first Merchants and Bankers-Rise of
-Trade and Manufactures among the Cities of the Hanseatic League,—in the Ne-
therlands,-in England
VIEW OF THE PROGRESS OF SOCIETY IN EUROPE WITH RESPECT TO THE
COMMAND OF THE NATIONAL FORCE REQUISITE IN FOREIGN OPERATIONS.
Improved State of Society at the Beginning of the Fifteenth Century-The Concen-
tration of Resources in European States-The Power of Monarchs; their Revenues
and Armies-Affairs of different States at first entirely Distinct-Progress of Com-
bination-Loss of Continental Territory by the English-Effects upon the French
Monarchy-Growth of Standing Armies, and of the Royal Prerogative under
Louis XI.-His Example imitated in England and
gundy-Perfidious Conduct of Louis XI. towards her-Her Marriage with Maxi-
Spain The Heiress of Bur-
milian, Archduke of Austria-Invasion of Italy by Charles VIII.-The Balance
of Power-Use of Infantry in Armies-League of Cambray against Venice
VIEW OF THE POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF THE PRINCIPAL STATES IN EUROPE
AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.
Italy at the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century-The Papal Power-Alexander VI.
and Julius II.-Defects in Ecclesiastical Governments - Venice: its Rise and
Progress; its Naval Power and its Commerce-Florence-Naples and Sicily-
Contest for its Crown-Duchy of Milan-Ludovico Sforza-Spain, conquered by
the Vandals and by the Moors; gradually reconquered by the Christians-Mar-
riage of Ferdinand and Isabella-The Royal Prerogative-Constitution of Aragon
and of Castile-Internal Disorders-"The Holy Brotherhood"-France: its Con
stitution and Government-The Power of its Early Kings-Government become