Index Abortion, 34 Actual damages, xxiii, 50 Adams, John Quincy, 184, 185 Administrative records, see Records Alabama, State of, 188, 211 ALERT System, 234n. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators, 207 American Federation of Information American Medical Association, 251 Anonymity, see Confidentiality American Philosophical Society, 178n., Statistical Association, 188-189. Arrests, see Records Asia Minor, 1 Association for Computing Machinery, Attorney General of the United States, Audit trails, xxv, 56, 62, 216 14, 28; access to data in, ix, 19, Automobile Manufacturers Association, Baden-Württemberg, State of, 169 Bavaria, State of, 169 Billing systems, 13 Bill of Rights, 34, 241, 242 Blue Cross, 283 British Computer Society, 174 California Bankers Association, 21n. California Department of Education, California State of, 34, 226 Canada, 174-175 Canadian Task Force on Privacy and Computers, x, 175 Canal Zone, 208 Census Act, 89, 90n., 92, 104, 200-201 Census of Population, 4, 93; of 1790, 180-181; of 1800, 182-183; of 1810, Census tract data, 293 Civil remedies, xxi, xxiii, xxiv, 44, 50, 55, 136 Civil Rights Act of 1964, 270 Class actions, xxiii, 50 Codes of ethics for data-processing per- Code of Fair Information Practice, xx, Collective bargaining, 50 Committee on Privacy (U.K.), 173-174 Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act of 1970, 105, Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention Computer-accessible files, 23, 50, 51, 56; Computer programs, 13, 14, 21n, 22 practice, xix, 8, 12-30; and tele- Computer security, see Automated per- Confidentiality, 6; of census data, 4, 7n., 178-201; of clinical information, Connecticut Academy of Arts and Conseil d'Etat, 171 Consumer-reporting industry, 66-71 Contraception, 34 Cooley's anemia, 278 Correctional Decisions Information Pro- ject (CDIP), 247-257 Council of State Governments, 141 Cour de Cassation, 171-172 Courts, and privacy rights, 34, 36-38, 43, 44 Cox, Samuel S., 194, 195 Credit bureaus, see Consumer-reporting Credit cards, 27, 131 Credit records, see Records Criminal penalties, xxi, xxiii, 44, 50, 104, 136 Criminal history files, see Records Criminal justice information systems, 222-246 Currency and Foreign Transactions Re- Data, see Personal data Data collection requirements, 52 imposed by formal rule making, 139 Data Inspectorate (Sweden), 170, 171 Data Protection Act (Hesse), 168-170 Data subjects, see Rights of individuals Daunt, Jerome, 231, 239 Department of Communications (Cana- Department of Justice (Canada), 174 Direct Mail Advertising Association (DMAA), 73, 291-292, 295 District of Columbia, 207 Documentation, see Data files Domesday Book, 2 Dossiers, see Intelligence records "Dragnet" effect, 16-17, 57, 212-213 Driver licenses, see Records Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972, 105-106 Due process, vi, 61, 75 Education Professions Development Act, Elementary and Secondary Education Employment records, see Records Expungement rules, 51, 57, 217 Fair Credit Reporting Act, xxvii, 37, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, Federal Old-Age, Survivors and Dis- Federal Register, 58, 101 Federal Reports Act, 35, 84, 258, Federal Reserve Board, 69n. Frankfurter, Justice Felix, 242 Freedom of Information Act, xxvii, xxxii, 35-36, 64-66, 91, 137, 138, Gallatin, Albert, 183-184 Gannett, Henry, 194 Garfield, James A., 192, 193, 194 General Accounting Office (GAO), 90n. 262-263, 283-284 General Services Administration (GSA), Georgia, State of, 188 German Federal Republic, 168-170 Hamburg, State of, 169 Health care delivery, 9, 24-28 Health Insurance for the Aged, see Medi- care Health Services & Mental Health Admin- istration (HSMHA), 258n., 264, 282 Hoover, Herbert, 201 Hruska, Senator Roman, 240 IBM Personal Identification Code, 210 Immigration and Nationality Act, 275 Income-tax returns, see Records Informed consent, xxii, xxvi, xxvii, xxix, Integrated municipal information sys- tems (IMIS), 20, 43n., 237-238 117, 120, 131, 232, 259, 266, 268 Irving, John F.X., 230-231 Jackson, Andrew, 188 Jefferson, Thomas, 181, 183 Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. Kennedy, Joseph C.G., 190-191; 192 King's Remembrancer, 2 Knisely, Robert, 237-238 Labor unions, 50 Lamont v. Commissioner of Motor Ve- Land surveys, 2 Law Enforcement Assistance Adminis- tration (LEAA), 222-225, 227 ff. Lear, Tobias, 181 Leonard, Jerris, 229 Letters close, 3 Letters patent, 3 Licenses, see Records Liquidated damages, xxiii, 50 Little Sisters of the Poor, 293 Local governments, xxiii, 21, 50, 58; using SSN, 125 Lower Saxony, State of, 169 Machine intelligence, 22 Madison, James, 179-180, 183 Mailing lists, 71-73, 288-297 Mail' Preference Service, 73, 291-292, Management information systems, ix, 6, 23, 82 Maryland Psychiatric Case Register, 218 Medical records, see Records Michigan, State of, 226 Mitchell, John N., 223, 230, 231 Motor Vehicles Departments, State, National Academy of Sciences, 244; National Center for Health Statistics, 94, National Commission on Individual National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, 141 National Crime Information Center (NCIC), 17-18, 216, 226-227, 229, National Driver Register, 15-17, 18, 120, National Governors Conference, 141 National Health Surveys, 104, 263-264, National Highway Traffic Safety Admin- istration, 203 National Institute of Education |