in front of them so they can't make sense of them. What we are saying to the county if you have-again 29 percent of this 66,000 unemployed are black and only 4 percent are Mexican Americans, you know, who is blaming who? This is what we are saying.

When Mr. Cranston is quoted, I get the feeling that the dimensions of the effort just doesn't match the dimensions of the problem and from the county there is no question about it, but what we are saying to you is very much what Mr. Aguerre was saying before is that you are dealing with the wrong people.

There has always been in the case of the Mexican-Americans too many brokers. We know how to read and write. I am a product of the Los Angeles schools. In fact I am a product of a complete way of figuring it out this way-let me put it this way.

I am a product of the Americanization and culturalization which a local Ph. D. refers to in a book about Mexican-Americans as saying that they will obviously-there will always be disruption, fragmentation among the Mexican-Americans because they are not capable of really coordinating themselves into a cohesive comprehensive unit, and that is a lot of B.S., for the simple reason that he says until we learn how to become culturalized, can we do this.

Again, what I am saying is I want to thank you for being here Senator Mondale as I understand a certain Chicano quarterback is doing pretty well for the Minnesota Vikings. He has a German name but he happens to be half Mexican since he could never find his German father. The reason I bring that up is that he had to go outside of this country to play for 8 years Canadian football before he was recognized. I wrote a little poem to my son and it ends something like this: "They are playing games, son, they are playing games. There is room at the top but they just won't acknowledge what we've got."

So every time I hear you crying about manpower resources, I am able to really create a good image in the Western Hemisphere among the Spanish-speaking countries. I think of the county again, the Board of Public Assistance as standing for Mexican-American as by-passed Americans because it seems to me if I had anything to do about the manpower in this country, and this being southern California and in Los Angeles County, I certainly would make use of this beautiful bilingual brain power.

What is happening? If you can't see it, you know.

Let me refer to something else. Your comments, Senator Mondale, about the Human Resources Agency and the 11 member advisory, I hope to God it doesn't come. That is the same old game we have been playing for I don't know how long.

We would like to have a say and when I say we, this committee I have been talking about, the Mexican-American Ad Hoc Committee for Affirmative Action, we are not limited to one group, one particular, you know, individual, it is the combination of the MAOF, the East Los Angeles Opportunity House and other members and it is wide open to any and all who haven't heard about it before. We are going not only after the county, and the assistant manpower, but also we are very interested and very concerned about the fact that 33 men of superb manpower and experienced with the State in this case of parole California Youth Authority-are under indictment and have already been suspended and so forth for having the courage to protest against the tactics of the California Youth Authority.

In this case out and out discriminatory practices were used in both the suspension of the highest ranking youth authority supervisor of Mexican descent from a supervisor 3 to a supervisor 1. In other words, when the sleeping giant in one or two cases there to speak up, once again we got what he said should have been considered, the [Spanish spoken] and what have you, it didn't through in this case. In fact the discrimination that has always been there showed itself in the treatment of the 33 men-both black, brown and white parole officers.

Allow me to close with this. Since I mentioned that almost 7 years ago I was involved in discriminate programs, I hope that this Manpower Training Act isn't going to play the same game all over again because that is what it is now and that is what you seem to indicate by your questions. We are learning that affirmative action in the form of concerted group action, community groups, can create dangers and Senator Cranston isn't here, because we have also created a need in his particular office here in California for the first time to have a Mexican-American. It took 1 year. We won't take a position now. None of us of American-Mexican descent will accept that position. OK? It was offered 1 year after he was in service. That is only to keep it as objective as possible.

I

am sorry,

Let me end this way, Senator. Please, no more games of counting heads of households; don't go on with the perpetuated game or layaway plan; and let me ask you this.

When you talk to your national-international adversaries by omitting 6 million Americans, English is secondary. There is work to be done, there is peace to be won. Be happy and understanding that we are American citizens in the main.

Senator MONDALE. Thank you very much.

Our next witness is Mr. Jose Edwards, chairman of the Los Angeles New Careers Organization.

Mr. Edwards, if you have any colleagues, bring them with you. STATEMENT OF JOSE EDWARDS, CHAIRMAN, LOS ANGELES NEW CAREERS ORGANIZATION

Mr. EDWARDS. First, I would like to introduce myself, and that I am very glad to be here, so that we can begin communicating on a level that seems to be communicated in terms of following through on the real theory of new careers and we are talking about programs and poverty programs here.

The theory of new careers ties right into this. What is the use of products and problems must be utilized to assist in coping with those problems, so the Manpower Act that they are trying to introduce just throws it out the window.

In medicine, with rabies if you get bit by a dog, they catch him, you know. Snake bite, the same kind of thing.

So we hope that the next offender can help the parole department and can keep a cat out much better than the parole department can by itself.

In Los Angeles alone through the new careers program has been proven and Mr. Kaplan is here and he should verify this fact that we as taxpayers pay approximately $4,000 per year to keep a guy incarcerated. Then we pay the parole department $2,000 a year to keep him out.

Well, the year before the parole department brought on some few new careerists-less than a 100-they got back $1 million. The year after they brought on the new careerists they go back $5 million. So we are really talking about quality and service and this is what new careerists is all about.

I would like to define it now on the three levels upon which it counts. One, new careerists is a program; two, new careerists is a concept; and three, as a movement toward quality service.

New careerists is different from all of the poverty programs, all the programs that have come up-the JOBS program you can throw it in the wind because it does not take into consideration the kind of things that it should.

Number one, every variable involved in solving a problem should be given serious consideration and should be synchronized in the process of the unit that does the job. This is what new careerists represent. The JOBS program says the jobs being done are enough.

They are very slowly pulling in now supporting services. Well, as they pull in supporting services, the total system is still screwed up and they can't really do anything about it because people who provide the services aren't qualified to do so because of the differences in life style, the differences in understanding, morals, values, and other kinds of things.

This is where our problem lies. The contracts in the MA-3, MA-4, and so forth, should in essence be given to community groups to work with those professional groups, then we will begin solving some problems.

Let me start with another problem that exists. We have defined the problem like this and I come to you today as a new careerists who speaks again for a new group of new careerists in the community. The Los Angeles New Careers Association has some 3,000 members and we came into being as a result of the poverty program being all goofed up. They were signing contracts that they would hire and train so many people and maintain them on employment, and they did not do so. They kept the Government money and then kicked the people out.

We came together as an organization as a result of people giving termination papers as opposed to advancements. As a result of people receiving menial jobs with no career management or no training of supervisors. As a result of those kind of things, as a result of testing procedures, is totally irrelevant as to whether or not one can do that job or be trained to do the job.

As a result of an arrest record you screen people out and employers have a direct line to your credit rating which continually screens

you out.

We came together in the interest of doing something about this particular kind of problem. Our first meeting, we broke into small groups of over 850 people with three chores to do in the group. One was to define and identify four problems that was in that particular group of 25 to 30 people. The other goal was to identify and figure out solutions that are realistic to those particular problems and three, choose spokesmen that could speak and meet with those people on an outgoing basis.

This was done and we took off in the direction to do something about these problems.

Since then we have been confronted with the same kind of thing, we at first began moving just like the system did, putting out symptoms of problems. The police department or anyone else, they are still locking alcoholics up instead of treating them. That is supposed to get down to the basic root of things.

So the new careerists sits right on the base of the problem and this is why you are hearing a lot about the new careerists today. I don't know how dynamic it has gotten, but it is seen on a number of levels by a number of people. Headstart is in essence a new careers program because careers are developed on two levels. One level is by defining the kinds of roles that function that professionals are already doing in this agency; and categorizing those in terms of which of these can one come in and do immediately with little or no training and receive training to do better and move up to the next ladder, and thus three, freeing the professional so that professional can do more professional kinds of things and earn that money they are getting.

On the other side it takes a look at identifying things that aren't being done that could and possibly should be done by the same kind of systems in creating new programs.

Headstart represents that kind of program. We are having some major problems in Headstart in your community now and some of the people are here to speak to that.

Now, as a program toward quality service or as the rules made toward quality service, new careerists sought another approachhas taken on another approach which the gentleman that was up here just a few minutes ago, speaking to the affirmative action program. OK. Well, if we all take a look at the situation we will recognize that it is really a mental problem. Certain skills has not been developed and some which have been developed in others.

Certain agencies have not developed certain kinds of components that should exist. The major role that we are trying to do or play now, is to implement program planning and evaluation components within the total system here in Los Angeles and we are going to do it with or without help.

Senator MONDALE. May I interrupt here a moment?

You say you have about 3,000 new careerists in your organization. I assume these are people in the new career program or people who have been in the new career program?

Mr. EDWARDS. Yes.

Senator MONDALE. And have both of you gone through the new careers program?

Mr. EDWARDS. Yes. This is Tony Reushing and he can speak to his involvement in the new career program.

I am one of the original new careerists that was trained by Doug Grant model and California penal system.

Senator MONDALE. When did you go into the program?

Mr. EDWARDS. I went into the program in October 1965 and I went through a 4-month training program they gave me and 16 other men which was equivalent to a college education and we are now bringing about changes in the United States. I am the executive director of the National Association of New Careerists.

Senator MONDALE. There are several obvious problems which you have referred to about new careers. No 1, it is still a token program in this country. You have 291 new careerists in Los Angeles County.

That's all that it is then-a drop in the bucket. That is true throughout the country. It is one of the few jobs programs in the whole manpower training program and the only jobs program, I think, which is supposed to have some developmental aspects.

Now in your case, the purpose was not just to give you a job, but hopefully to upgrade you, through education and so on, so you would be a college graduate as well, and to try to give you a boost up that ladder.

Was it your impression that, in fact, you got the kind of training you should have? Did they give you the help and kind of education that you needed? Or that, in fact, part of the program was not available? What is your judgement about how it worked in your case?

Mr. EDWARDS. OK. In my case and let me take 3 minutes to give you some real concrete facts. Our program was an original program, a demonstration project wherein a study had been done around the world on how people learn. From that study nine learning principles had been developed which were used as quality control devices within the training program to insure that learning took place.

There was a random sampling of 34 men chosen from the prison population; 17 were placed in the control group and 17 in an experimental group.

The control group received nothing. The experimental group received 4 months of training. One year after release, the control group, 9 out of 17 men had gone back to prison. It will be 4 years February 15 and we have only lost one guy. The average background of those 34 men were of the ninth-grade education doing time for robbery, grand theft, narcotics, all the way across the board. One guy as a matter of fact had been classified as malnormal incurable delinquent and not fit to be on the streets ever again in life. He had been shot nine times by the Los Angeles Police Department in the course of robbery and the like, and it is a miracle that he is still alive. That man is moving very progressively now working out of Washington, D.C., and not necessarily relating to monetarial kind of things, but related to the responsibility that goes along with that. He is earning over $22,000 a year now.

Now that in essence was the program. The kinds of things they are doing.

Senator CRANSTON. What is he doing?

Mr. EDWARDS. He is monitoring educational programs across the country for an educational private corporation.

Senator MONDALE. In your case, then, you tell me you did get quality educational help?

Mr. EDWARDS. Yes.

Senator MONDALE. Now, this was an experimental program, so they wanted to make it look good. Is it your impression that they are maintaining a quality developmental aspect in the current new careers program? In other words, are these people in new careers getting education and training and help to go along up that ladder the way you did, or does it tend to be sort of a low-level, dead end kind of employment that they are getting?

Mr. EDWARDS. OK. It tends to be a low-level dead end kind of thing and that is why our organization came into existence. One of the things that we are doing is teaching techniques that are compatible to our learning style and curriculum that is relevant to what is hap