4. Electric fans shall be installed in all electrically lighted full and apartment mail

cars.

6. Stoves are not to be installed in full and apartment mail cars without the app.val of the Railway Mail Service, and shall not be accepted as the auxiliary heating system unless of a safety type approved by the department. The safety features include automatic fastening for stove door, with double doors preferred, baffle plate to prevent fire or live coals escaping through the smoke-flue opening, and metal casing to prevent overheating of closely surrounding objects.

2112. All full and apartment mail cars shall have lettering painted on the outside in accordance with the standard construction specifications. Such cars, and parts of cars, bearing the legend "United States Mail," or "U. S. Mail," shall be reserved exclusively for carrying the mails and shall not be used for any other class of traffic. (See sec. 2356 as to penalty for unlawful use of sign "U. S. mail.")

2. Two "No admission” notices, properly framed, shall be placed in each full car, and one notice in each apartment car. Such notices shall be located in cars so as to be readily observed on entering at side doors.

INTERNATIONAL POSTAL SERVICE

The following sections of the 2200 series relate to mails from and to foreign countries. Employees should refer to the current issue of the Official Postal Guide for specific information and instructions for dispatching and handling foreign mails.

2203. The exchange of all mailable matter in the regular (not parcel post) mails between the United States and foreign countries is governed by the Universal Postal Union Convention and other conventions in force. Mail matter is classified by the Universal Postal Union Convention as follows:

The exchange of parcel-post mail between the United States and foreign countries is governed by conventions or agreements concluded with each country or group of countries.

NOTE. For list of countries and detailed information see current issue of Official Postal Guide.

2212. Mails shall be exchanged with foreign countries through post offices and railway post offices duly authorized to act as "exchange offices."

2. Mails shall be prepared and dispatched to the proper exchange office in accordance with instructions as set forth in the current Official Postal Guide, as modified by special instructions issued by the Second Assistant Postmaster General.

3. The labels of United States mail sacks dispatched by sea shall be the following colors: Vermilion red for Postal Union registered articles; white for ordinary (unregistered) letters, including ordinary post cards (or mixed ordinary correspondence, that is, letters, post cards, and other articles); light blue for ordinary other articles (that is, "prints", including samples and small packets; green for sacks containing only empty sacks, which covered Postal Union mails, upon return to origin of the empty sacks; and yellow ochre for parcel post. The yellow ochre labels of sacks containing registered

parcels shall be endorsed with a bold "R," those containing insured parcels with a bold "V," and those containing c. o. d. parcels with the letters "C. O. D." Sacks containing only empty sacks, which covered parcel-post mails, should be returned to origin in sacks bearing yellow ochre labels plainly marked in black ink with the words "Empty Parcel Post Sacks (Sacs Vides)."

NOTE. Such mails when received by railway postal clerks will be treated in accordance with instructions in the current issue of the Official Postal Guide or special instructions.

2213. Postal employees in billing to domestic post offices or railway post offices registered matter addressed to, or received from, foreign countries shall use the particulars required in the domestic service. (See sec. 1220.) The name of original post office and State (or country) and not the name of the United States exchange office of original receipt, or other office from which the mail is received, unless it is the office of mailing, shall be recorded. If the postal employee is unable to obtain all of this information from the registered articles or accompanying bills or package receipts, he shall record a full description of all of the particulars which are obtainable, including the post office and State (or country) of destination, followed by the word "Foreign."

2. United States exchange offices making up registered mail for foreign countries shall be governed by the provisions of the Universal Postal Convention or other convention in force or by special instructions issued from time to time in the Postal Guide or otherwise.

3. Registered mail for foreign countries shall be dispatched to the post office or railway post office in the United States specially authorized to exchange registered matter with such countries. (See Official Postal Guide.) When the quantity or bulk does not warrant making up a jacket envelope, sack, or pouch addressed to the proper United States exchange office, postmasters should dispatch the mail as a single piece or a hand piece in the general direction of such exchange office. If the original cover is in bad order it shall be reinclosed in a penalty or "bad-order" envelope, or if practicable, repaired with official sealing stamps (see sec. 1310).

4. Separate registered jackets shall be used for international and domestic mail. Jackets containing registered matter for the countries named shall be marked "Can ada," "Cuba," "Mexico," or "Panama," respectively. Registered jackets containing registered mail for any other foreign country shall be marked "Foreign," unless addressed direct to a foreign country served through a Pacific coast exchange office. 5. Registered mail for foreign destinations proper for dispatch via San Francisco, Calif.; San Pedro, Calif.; Portland, Oreg.; Seattle, Wash.; or Tacoma, Wash., shall, when the quantity or bulk of matter for each foreign country justifies, be inclosed in a jacket, pouch, or sack addressed simply to the country of destination-"China," "Japan," "Australia," etc. Separate registered sacks, or pouches, marked to indicate that they contain international parcel-post mail, shall be used in dispatching parcelpost registered matter for trans-Pacific destinations.

6. Registered mail for two or more countries scheduled for dispatch from a Pacific coast exchange office by the same vessel shall, when in sufficient quantity or bulk, be inclosed in one jacket, pouch, or sack, addressed simply to the countries of destination.

7. Pouches, sacks, and jackets containing only mail addressed to trans-Pacific countries, as well as single pieces, shall be reinclosed in pouches, sacks, or jackets, addressed to the proper exchange office when it is known that they will reach the exchange office at least 24 hours in advance of the sailings. In other cases they shall be dispatched as hand pieces.

2215. Exchange offices receiving undelivered registered mail of foreign origin for return shall promptly return it to the proper exchange office of the country of origin, or of the country named in the sender's address, if shown. In the registry list or the appropriate table of the letter bill used in billing the returned registered matter shall be shown, in addition to other particulars used in billing registered mail to foreign countries, in the column headed "Observations," the office and State (or country) of address.

2216. All foreign sealed sacks made up abroad and labeled to United States post offices, and direct sacks made up in sea post offices and addressed to a United States post office, shall be forwarded intact to their destination, to be opened only in the post office to which they are addressed. This paragraph shall not apply to mails made up in foreign countries for the United States, which sea post offices maintained on ocean steamships may be ordered to open.

2218. Registered articles mailed in foreign countries received at United States exchange post offices or railway post offices not marked "Registered" or "R" or otherwise, to indicate that they are registered, shall be appropriately marked by such exchange offices above or near the original foreign registration number.

2220. Mail sacks received from and belonging to foreign countries shall be promptly returned empty, pursuant to the international postal regulations; and such sacks shall not be used by postmasters or others.

2221. Foreign closed transit mails-that is, mails made up in one foreign country addressed to another and sent to the United States to be forwarded onward to destination-shall not be opened.

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2230. 3. Post-office, sea post, railway postal, and terminal railway postal clerks shall scrutinize letters handled by them (particularly sealed envelopes which may contain merchandise or prohibited articles), also newspapers mailed by others than publishers, and packages, sealed and unsealed, of foreign origin, including matter from Canada, Cuba, Mexico, the Republic of Panama, and United States postal agencies, naval vessels, and naval stations abroad, whether or not such articles are marked "Supposed liable to customs duty." Railway postal, sea post, and terminal railway postal clerks shall forward supposed dutiable articles to the post office nearest the end of their run or nearest their terminal railway post office at which there is a customs officer, in locked pouches, sealed sacks, or sealed envelopes, labeled "For customs inspection." Supposed dutiable articles shall not be stamped or otherwise treated by railway postal or terminal railway postal clerks. Postmasters, upon receipt of the supposed dutiable articles, shall treat them in accordance with these regulations.

22. Postmasters and other postal employees shall permit customs officers to examine newspapers received in the mails from foreign countries as often as they may desire to do so, and shall assist in such examination when necessary.

23. (a) Postal and customs officers and employees shall keep themselves informed as to the law and regulations covering obscene, seditious, and lottery matter, copyrighted, trade-marked, and other articles prohibited importation in the mails.

(b) Instructions applicable to the foregoing and to other articles prohibited importation, or requiring special treatment, based on postal and customs laws and regulations, and also list of post offices where customs officers are located, will be found in the current annual Official Postal Guide.

2234. 11. (a) When parcels (except registered) entirely, rather than partially, devoid of contents, to or from foreign countries are observed in transit, whether in the Railway Mail Service, in post offices, or elsewhere, the postal employees making

such discovery shall completely execute Form 5258 in duplicate. The original, together with the wrapper or container, shall be forwarded to the domestic office of origin or address, as the case may be, unless insured C. O. D. parcels of foreign origin are involved. In the latter event the original Form 5258, together with the wrapper or container, shall be forwarded to the Second Assistant Postmaster General, Division of International Postal Service, who shall appropriately advise the country of origin. Duplicate Form 5258, with the sack label shall be forwarded at the same time to the inspector in charge of the division in which the condition of the parcel was first observed.

NOTE.-Railway postal clerks will forward the duplicate copy of Form 5258, together with the label of the sack, to their chief clerk or division superintendent. 2246. Sea post offices duly authorized by the Post Office Department shall be established and operated on such ocean steamships as may be designated.

2. United States sea post clerks in addition to an assistant director, Division of International Postal Service, with headquarters at New York City, who shall receive pay at the rate of $3,800 per annum; one chief clerk who shall receive pay at the rate of $3,200 per annum, and such clerical assistance in the headquarters as may be necessary, shall be of two classes: Clerks of class 1 shall receive pay at the rate of $2,400 per annum, each; clerks of class 2, who shall be clerks in charge, shall receive pay at the rate of $2,600 per annum, each. In addition thereto they shall be entitled to first-class accommodations on the steamships to which they are assigned and to commutation for board and lodging while in foreign countries and possessions of the United States, at rates fixed by the Post Office Department. They shall be subject to the ship's discipline to the same extent as passengers.

3. Vacancies in the sea post service shall be filled by transfer from the Railway Mail Service or from the classified personnel of first and second class post offices engaged in the distribution of mail in accordance with the postal regulations and instructions of the Second Assistant Postmaster General. Each unsuccessful applicant should renew his application at the expiration of one year. If the application is not renewed it shall be taken for granted that the transfer is no longer desired. Employees receiving a salary of less than $2,100 per annum shall not be eligible for transfer.

4. The Postmaster General is authorized to assign railway postal clerks and substitute railway postal clerks to temporary employment as substitute sea post clerks whenever, in his opinion, such employment is necessary. Such employees shall receive credit on their Railway Mail Service records for the time employed in the sea post service, but shall be allowed the salary and expenses of a class 1 sea post clerk, payable out of the appropriation available for maintaining sea post service, in lieu of any other salary and expense.

5. United States sea post clerks shall give bond to the United States, with good and approved security, in the sum of $1,000 each. Each clerk shall pay the premium chargeable to himself. Bonds shall be filed with the Second Assistant Postmaster General.

6. All sea post clerks who have reached the age of 65 years and rendered at least 15 years of service shall be eligible for retirement under the provisions of section 41.

OFFENSES AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT AND THE REVENUES

2303. Postmasters and all others in the Postal Service shall report immediately to the proper inspector in charge any violation of the postal laws, or other laws herein referred to, that may come to their notice, not otherwise specifically provided in these regulations. If the postmaster has reason to believe that a postal law violator can be arrested by speedy action, he shall at once report all the facts and evidence by telephone or telegram to the local inspector and by letter to the inspector in charge of the division in which his office is located. If the local inspector is not available, he shall make such report at once to the nearest United States marshal or deputy marshal or to a responsible local officer of the law. (See sec. 443 as to report of robbery of post office; secs. 813, 814, and 2234 as to reports of loss, damage, delay, wrong delivery, nondelivery, or improper handling of mail matter.)

2308. Whoever shall embezzle, steal, or purloin any money, property, record, voucher, or valuable thing whatever, of the moneys, goods, chattels, records, or property of the United States, shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

2311. Whoever shall receive, conceal, or aid in concealing, or shall have or retain in his possession with intent to convert to his own use or gain, any money, property, record, voucher, or valuable thing whatever, of the moneys, goods, chattels, records, or property of the United States, which has theretofore been embezzled, stolen, or purlioned by any other person, knowing the same to have been so embezzled, stolen, or purloined, shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both; and such person may be tried either before or after the conviction of the principal offender.

2312. Whoever, being a postmaster or other person employed in or connected with any branch of the Postal Service, shall loan, use, pledge, hypothecate, or convert to his own use, or shall deposit in any bank, or exchange for other funds or property, except as authorized by law, any money or property coming into his hands or under his control in any manner whatever, in the execution or under color of his office, employment, or service, whether the same shall be the money or property of the United States or not; or shall fail or refuse to remit to or deposit in the Treasury of the United States or in a designated depository, or to account for or turn over to the proper officer or agent, any such money or property, when required so to do by law or the regulations of the Post Office Department, or upon demand or order of the Postmaster General, either directly or through a duly