thing and looks steadily in the direction of what it has found. We call it the pointer.

The Dog Family is a group of flesh-eating animals. It includes the wolves, foxes, jackals, and domesticated dogs. They all feed on the flesh and blood of other animals.

The wild dogs, that is, the wolves, foxes, and jackals, are by nature fierce, suspicious, and treacherous. And, whether the domesticated dog has been derived from one species of wolf or from several, or from the jackal, or from some species of wild dog now extinct, its nature must have been originally that of the Dog Family in general, that is, fierce, suspicious, and treacherous.

The dog has been completely revolutionized in its nature since its domestication. It is now the most devoted, affectionate, and trustful being in the world. It has been said that the dog is the only being that loves you more than he loves himself. The collie watches after and protects and loves the very beings which its ancestors fed upon. No finer instance of devotion has ever been known in this world than that of Grey Friar's Bobby, a dog which slept on his master's grave for twelve years, until he died. A memorial has been erected to this remarkable animal in the city of Edinburgh, where he lived.

It is probably not saying too much that the dog, since its domestication back somewhere in the distant centuries, has made greater progress in intelligence and civilization than any other animal

on earth, not even excepting man.

4. The Cat.

The domesticated cat has come from the wild cat-not the American wild cat, however, for the cat was domesticated long before America was discovered by the white people.

Some wild cats have long tails and some have bob tails. The domesticated cat is, of course, from some long-tailed species, probably the wild cat of northern Africa.

The cat has not been domesticated so long as the dog, and it has not been selected so much for its devotion and intelligence. Its business thru the ages has been to destroy certain small invaders of human homes, such as mice, and incidentally to warm the human heart by its musical purr. Notwithstanding its unimproved nature, it is generally regarded as a desirable ornament of the human fireside.

The cat and dog are the only flesh-eating animals domesticated by man. The cheetah, a kind of leopard, is sometimes used in hunting, but not very successfully. The Romans domesticated the weasel.

All other domesticated animals, besides the dog and cat, are either hoofed animals, birds, fishes, or insects.

5. The Horse.

In the long and arduous journey from savagery to civilization, the horse has borne a noble and in

dispensable part of the labor of this world. Whether in war or in peace, the horse has always been an unfailing aid and friend of man. The warriors of Cortez, on their mail-clad horses, struck terror to the Indians, who had never before seen such splendid beings. The Indians thought that each man was a part of the horse on which he rode, that is, that horse and man were one animal.

It is commonly supposed that there were horses in America when the Europeans came here. But this is a mistake. The Indians had no horses, not even ponies. The pack animals of the Indians were the women. The llama was used a little in South America as a burden-bearer. The so-called "wild horses," which were rather common some years ago in parts of western North America, were domesticated horses which had lapsed into a semi-wild state.

The horse was probably domesticated in central or southern Asia. There are wild horses still found in some of the more inaccessible regions of central Asia. Wild horses live in small herds and feed on the grasses of the plains. They "run away" when frightened, that is, they stampede in a wild way.

The horse has been traced back in the rocks to an ancestor about the size of the fox with four toes on each front foot and three behind.

The horse walks on the last segment of its big finger-on the nail of its big finger. The hoof of

the horse is the best contrivance of its kind yet produced by nature. It is a modified nail, or claw. The horse-shoe was invented by the Greeks or Romans about 400 A. D.

THE HORSE AND ONE OF ITS ANCESTORS

Shetland ponies are natives of the Shetland Islands. They are probably degenerates, owing to the unfavorable conditions on these small, rocky, storm-swept islands.

Wild

The forelock of the horse is modern. horses do not have it, and no prehistoric picture of the horse shows a forelock, while every type of existing horse has one. It is a new feature which has been developed during domestication, like the bark of the dog.

6. The Donkey and the Mule.

The donkey is a cousin of the horse. It belongs to the Horse Family. The close relationship of the donkey and the horse is shown by their ability to interbreed.

The donkey is a very unplastic animal. It changes little. The domesticated donkey is not very different from its wild ancestors, which still roam the desert-like plains of central Asia.

The donkey is today out-of-date in most parts of the civilized world. But a few centuries ago it was common. It is now used chiefly in places where wheels cannot go. It is enduring, patient, and sure-footed, but slow. It is a “back number,” and will, in time, probably join the buffalo and the American Indian.

The mule is a cross produced by the interbreeding of the horse and donkey. It is infertile.

The mule combines in a remarkable manner the good qualities of both of its parents-the patience, endurance, and sure-footedness of the donkey, and the power, size, and activity of the horse.

The mule is especially adapted to service in which the hardships are too great for the horse, and in regions of great heat. It is used little in England and northern Europe and northern United States. It is a common burden-bearer in Spain, southern United States, France, and South America. It was introduced on southern plantations by Washington.