another people and find real satisfaction and much "glory" in the act. The sword is the symbol of savagery, but it is still an attractive object to the most nearly civilized people so far produced on earth. If people didn't like to fight pretty well, they would not go to war and spend millions in money and spill barrels and barrels of blood over a trifle.

During the recent war between Spain and the United States, some of the United States troops who had been sent to Cuba had had no real experience in fighting until peace was declared. I remember reading in the newspapers at the time a statement that impressed me very much. It said that when these troops were told that a treaty had been signed "the boys were very much disappointed." Why? Cuba was made free by the terms of the treaty, and the apparent purpose of the war had been achieved. Why, then, were they not satisfied? Because they had something else to satisfy besides the desire to free Cuba. It was the "war instinct." If these men had had a few battles, and in this way exercised their savage instinct to kill, and then peace had come, they would no doubt have come home satisfied.

The fighting instinct is weak in women and girls for the same reason that the hunting instinct is weak in the female nature-because it was the men (not the women) who did the fighting and hunting during those vanished ages in which the foundations of human nature were laid. The males in

many of the species of higher animals do most of the fighting. This is true in buffaloes, wild horses, deer, apes, and monkeys, and many other animals. A herd of buffaloes when attacked will get the females and young in the center, around which the males will form a ring with their heads outward to receive the attack. Men used to do the same thing in early times when attacked by Indians on the plains. They formed a ring with the women and children in the center. The greater size and strength of the males in many species is due largely to the fact that the males have been the warriors of the species.

The usual state of early man was a state of war. Peace was the exception.

The final condition of mankind will be one of unbroken peace. War will ultimately be unthought of-except as men read of it in history. As time passes the fighting instinct will grow weaker and more disreputable and the humane and sympathetic instincts will grow correspondingly strong

er, and men will come at last to settle their differences in courts of reason and justice.

We live today in an intermediate stage of development. Peace is the prevailing state, but the fighting instinct still survives, and continues to break out in frequent duels between individuals and nations. It will be with nations as it has been with individuals. Individual men used to always fight out their differences. There were no courts of justice among the earliest men. It is now un

SOME OF THE THINGS IN OUR NATURE THAT WE WOULD
BE BETTER OFF WITHOUT

lawful for men to settle their differences by fighting. And only those who are behind the times use the fighting method. All higher men prefer reason and arbitration in courts of justice. In the course of time, the same thing will be true of nations. International differences will be settled, not by battleships and armed men, but by courts of justice and arbitration established by the nations.

9. The Hunting Instinct.

The lowest savage has no domesticated plants nor animals. He is a hunter. Like the wild dog and wild cat, he has in his nature an instinct urging him when he is hungry to go out and seek prey. But the savage never hunts for pastime. He hunts for a living. He takes the lives of the beings around him in order to use their bodies for food and clothing.

The higher races of men get their necessities of life by agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and the like. The hunting instinct is not exercised in the ordinary duties of life. But it exists. And on holidays and vacations, when we are relieved from work and can do as we please, we arm ourselves and go out and kill and kill, until we are satisfied. We kill, not because we are hungry, but in order to exercise or express an instinct which survives in us from our wolfish ancestors. We hunt because our ancestors were hunters. We kill other animals for the same reason that the dog

kills sheep-in obedience to an urge within us which has survived from the time when our ancestors were human wolves.

The hunting instinct is very strong in all the higher races of men. It is especially strong in boys. I can remember how it was in my own case. There were few joys of my boyhood more wild and overwhelming than the savage joy of laying things low. This is a mournful fact to find in the nature of beings who hold that the Golden Rule of life is to act toward others as you would have others act toward you.

The hunting instinct is closely related to the fighting instinct. Primitive man made war on the universe, human and non-human alike. To the savage, all those who did not belong to his crowd and were not on his side were enemies. They were to be used in one way or another, for food, clothing, or slaves, and if they were of no use they were to be removed anyway as competitors in the struggle for life.

Owing to the general preference for peace among higher peoples and the resulting scarcity of opportunities for killing men, many men today satisfy the fighting or war instinct by "hunting." War is not common enough to suit their natures. And, since they are deprived of the privilege of warring on others of their own kind, they go on occasional expeditions against "the animals.” The condition of the warrior is similar to that of the trap-shooter, who bangs away heroically at