Silent Messages: Implicit Communication of Emotions and Attitudes

activity affiliation approach-avoidance arousal-nonarousal arousing quality associated attitudes avoidance avoidant speech basic Chapter clients close conversation convey correlated culture decoding method described dislike displeasure distance dominance dominance-submissiveness effect example experimental experiments eye contact facial expressions findings friends function gestures greater handshake haviors high arousal higher status implicit behavior implicit communication implicit cues implicit messages implies important inconsistent messages indicate infer instance interac involves Journal of Personality Kaswan less like-dislike listener lower status measures Mehrabian ment metaphor movements negative feelings nonverbal behavior nonverbal communication Personality and Social physical picturephone pleasant pleasure pleasure-displeasure plicit positive posture pressions psychotherapy referents relation relationship relaxed response score seated sensitive to rejection settings situations social alienation social interaction Social Psychology social style someone speaker speech errors statement status differences strangers studies subjects submissive subtle talking temperament tend tension therapists things three dimensions tion unpleasant verbal versus vocal expressions words