Mr. HARRISON. No. That was the amount for the development contract and the two machines. This included also a large amount for what we call software, programing, et cetera.

Mr. ANDREWS. Describe in layman's language, what kind of machine it is, and what it does. You have one in operation and another on order to be delivered in the near future. Both have been funded?

Mr. HARRISON. These are to be paid out of our revolving fund. We have not paid the full amount. We have paid $769.763 to date. The balance will be paid when the second machine is installed and the software contract is completed.

Mr. ANDREWS. Tell us what it does and how you have achieved a saving.

Mr. HARRISON. About 5 years ago it came to our attention that a large percentage of the copy we were getting for production was coming from computers in capital letters, wide spacing, very hard to read. Mr. ANDREWS. From executive agencies?

Mr. HARRISON. Yes. At that time I think there were about 1,600 computers in the Government and these computers were loaded with material being used for many things. When they wanted it printed, the cost of composition was so high that the Joint Committee on Printing directed us to move in the direction of finding a machine that would take this tape from the computer and rather than run it through the rapid printer at the end of the computer the department was to give us a tape which we could then program and compose into readable graphic arts type from this tape. A committee was formed under the chairmanship of the staff director of the Joint Committee on Printing which reviewed this program. I think about 30 percent of our copy was coming to us as computer printout at that time. We worked up a specification that would allow us to take the tape, program it through our computers, and put the tape on the Linotron. Then at a very rapid speed it would give us a page of composition at a time on film or hard copy ready to go to be plated and printed in beautiful type. Mr. ANDREWS. Was this machine tailor made for the Government Printing Office, or was it on the market?

Mr. HARRISON. It was not on the market. It has been said it was the greatest invention since Gutenberg invented movable type. Mergenthaler got the contract and they sublet the hardware to CBS. They built the machine and it was dedicated last October 2. I am sorry you gentlemen were not able to be there because it was a very impressive ceremony. I might mention October 2 was the 90th birthday of Senator Hayden, the chairman of the Joint Committee on Printing. He pressed the starting button and before he could turn around the machine had spit out a happy birthday greeting to him. This machine started its first job on October 2 and in one 8-hour day we composed 1,600 pages. This was a brand new tested machine that in less than 30 workdays delivered a total of 32,701 pages on film ready for one of the printing plants which got the contracts to plate and print. This was a cross-reference index for the military catalog. We reduced the bulk of the publication about 60 percent. This also brings about a tremendous saving in time and paper and shipping. Of course, it is shipped all over the world and 60 percent less bulk is a big saving.

Mr. ANDREWS. Can you use this machine for all types of work or just for computer-type work?

Mr. HARRISON. Just computer-type work. There are so many jobs in the Government where the information is already in the computers which they would like to have printed but they cannot afford the cost. Now they can give us on tape what they want printed and we program the format we want, put it on the computer, then on the Linotron and produce page negatives at very little cost.

Mr. ANDREWS. Have you told us how a saving of $320,000 was made? Mr. HARRISON. It did not require any keyboarding.

Mr. ANDREWS. The saving was in labor?

Mr. HARRISON. In labor, and reduction of bulk, reduction in the number of plates required, reduction in the number of presses required, and the amount of paper required. So across the board there was a tremendous saving.

Mr. ANDREWS. Can you think of any other type of work this machine might do in the future other than computer type?

Mr. HARRISON. Anything we do on this machine has to come from a magnetic tape. The computer gives us a magnetic tape. This machine cannot be used in any other type work, but with the 3,000 computers now in Government use, there is enough work to keep the two machines we will have busy 24 hours a day. I do not know how long we will be able to handle the material with the two Linotrons.

Mr. ANDREWS. Can you tell us anything else about the machine? How does it work after you get the tape out of the machine?

Mr. HARRISON. After the film is exposed, it goes into a cassette until we have the number of pages we want. I think it can hold 500 pages. This goes to a darkroom and is run through a developing process which gives you a negative rather than a positive. Then it goes to the plate room for burning onto a plate and then it goes to the offset press.

Mr. ANDREWS. You have been talking in technical language which to a layman does not mean too much. What you are telling us is that this new machine will enable you to do a certain amount of work that the Government Printing Office is required to do by Government agencies in connection with transposing computer film

Mr. HARRISON. Computer tape.

Mr. ANDREWS (continuing). Computer tape, and with this machine you are able to do the work much more quickly, efficiently, and economically than you had been able to do that particular work in the past? Is that correct?

Mr. HARRISON. Yes; with a vast increase in quality because you get uppercase and lowercase letters and so on.

Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. Langen, do you have any questions on Mr. Harrison's opening statement?

Mr. LANGEN. Perhaps just one or two questions from the standpoint of understanding the general figures.

PRINTING AND BINDING INCREASE

First, I gather there is about a $4.5 million increase in the total request?

Mr. HARRISON. That is right. This, of course, is our estimate of what Congress is going to need to buy their printing in the next fiscal year. Mr. LANGEN. I appreciate that, and we will look at that in more detail later on. Anyhow, I do see a $4.5 million increase. Then at page

145 of the bill, the estimated expenditures for 1968 seem to be substantially below 1967 and below 1969, I am sure there is an explanation for it but I fail to see it.

Mr. HARRISON. The difficulty in attempting to estimate what an agency will need-and I refer to Congress as an agency respect fully because it is one of the many customers we have the difficulty of estimating what they will need to pay for their printing 18 months in advance, as I have said many times, is next to impossible. You will recall when you first came on the committee we had been estimating the requirements rather conservatively because there was a clause that said if what we asked for was not enough the following year it could be included in the authorization. Then after a couple years of realizing that you would rather we make our original estimate more accurately or attempt to estimate more accurately, we did try this. It would appear now that our first real effort to hit this on the nose was 1968, and 18 months later we realize this is not enough because, in the first place, as I said in my statement, the Congressional Record jumped from 34.812 pages to 44,183 pages.

Mr. LANGEN. I appreciate that.

Mr. HARRISON. That is over $1 million right there. So it is just impossible.

Mr. LANGEN. As a matter of clarification, what does the $22 million mean on page 145 that says "Estimated expenditures, 1968"?

Mr. HARRISON. That is exactly what it means.

Mr. LANGEN. That is the total expenditures?

Mr. HARRISON. That is our estimate.

Mr. LANGEN. Does that also mean there should be a carryover of $4 million plus from the appropriation of last year?

Mr. HARRISON. We don't know.

Mr. LANGEN. That is what it means as of now?

Mr. HARRISON. The balance of $4.8 million was an estimated deficiency for 1967 because we estimated low in 1967.

Mr. LANGEN. So that figure of $22 million does not include the total expenditures which would add deficiencies for 1967?

Mr. HARRISON. It is our estimate of what it will be for that year, not what it was short of the year before. Mr. LANGEN. That is all, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. ANDREWS. Turning to the item of $31,200,000 for Congressional Printing and Binding, which is, as I mentioned a while ago, $4.5 million above the current appropriation, we will insert the detailed sheets submitted by the Public Printer or such part of the supporting sheet as might be appropriate. The staff can work that out.

(The material follows:)

SUMMARY OF APPROPRIATION ESTIMATES FOR CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING AND BINDING, FISCAL YEAR 1969

The estimates for congressional printing and binding are to provide funds with which to pay for the cost of printing and binding required for the use of Congress; for the printing, binding, and distribution of the Federal Register, and for printing and binding supplements to the Code of Federal Regulations. Funds to cover the cost of the printing and binding needs of the various executive and legislative departments, independent establishments, and the judiciary are not included in this appropriation but are provided for in the appropriation acts for these branches of the Government. The Government Printing Office recovers the cost for this work through billings to these agencies.

The total amount estimated for congressional printing and binding for the fiscal year 1969 is $31,200,000; $26,400,000 is estimated to provide for printing and binding work for Congress for the fiscal year 1969 and $4,800,000 is required to reimburse the 1968 appropriation for charges incurred during prior fiscal years which are paid out of the 1968 appropriation, as authorized by law (Public Law 90-57, 90th Congress) which states that the appropriation "shall be available for the payment of obligations incurred under the appropriations for similar purposes for preceding fiscal years." This provision of law recognizes that there can be no effective means to determine in advance the volume of congressional printing which the Government Printing Office is called upon to produce.

The appropriation for fiscal year 1967 is $18,500,000 plus $3 million to cover a deficit incurred in fiscal year 1965 making a total of $21,500,000. There is still a deficit of $4,800,000 for fiscal year 1967 which is included in the total estimated requirements for fiscal year 1969 bringing the total requirements for fiscal year 1967 to $23,300,000.

The appropriation for congressional printing and binding for fiscal year 1968 is $22 million plus $4 million to cover a deficit incurred in fiscal year 1966, $600,000 to cover a deficit incurred in fiscal year 1965, and $100,000 to cover a deficit incurred in fiscal year 1964, for a total of $26,700,000.

The following statement has been prepared showing:

1. Fiscal year 1967 expenditures billed through Jauary 31, 1968.

2. Estimated outstanding obligations for fiscal year 1967, as of January 31. 1968.

3. Estimated expenditures for fiscal year 1967.
4. Estimated expenditures for fiscal year 1968.

5. Estimated expenditures for fiscal year 1969.

6. Estimated deficiency for fiscal year 1967.

7. Total estimated requirements for fiscal year 1969.

The requirements under each item for fiscal year 1969 are set forth briefly in the order named. All fiscal year 1967 figures in the following items are based on work billed through January 31, 1968.

1. Congressional Record. The proceedings of the Senate and House of Representatives are printed daily in the Congressional Record. Approximately 42,000 copies are printed daily and distributed as provided by law, and are charged to the appropriation for printing and binding for Congress. There also are printed daily about 6,100 additional copies which are delivered and charged to Government Departments on requisitions and to the Superintendent of Documents for sale to subscribers. After the close of each session, the daily proceedings are consolidated, indexed, and about 2,140 copies printed as the bound edition of the Record. In addition, about 225 sets are distributed to Departments. depository libraries, and public sales. The total cost to Congress of printing the daily edition and index of the Congressional Record in fiscal year 1967 was $3,395,063 for 37,867 pages of the daily edition and 2,298 pages of the index. The bound edition which was ordered in the fiscal year 1967 and is still in production is estimated at $807,600. This will bring the total estimated require ments for this item to $4,202,663 for the fiscal year 1967. The estimate submitted