Mr. JAYSON. You will notice, if you look at the totals, approximately 98 percent of our inquiries were handled by an expenditure of 16 hours or less of research time. That is, 98 percent of our 117,000 inquiries. However, in the 41-hours-and-up category of inquiries, inquiries that require 1 week or more, there were 400 such inquiries during fiscal year 1966, less than one-half of 1 percent of the total inquiries received. They required almost 23 percent of our total research time. That is where the solid work is going. This is where we think we are making a very helpful contribution to the Members and committees.

DIVISIONS OF LRS

Mr. YATES. How many divisions do you have?

Mr. JAYSON. We have eight subject matter divisions and two support divisions.

Mr. YATES. Have they been itemized for the record?

Mr. JAYSON. I will be glad to run over them. First, there is the American Law Division which handles all legal questions, prepares the Bill Digest and also retains copies of the various congressional documents like those mentioned yesterday.

Mr. YATES. Would you at the same time you name the divisions state for the record who the head of that division is.

Mr. JAYSON. The head of that division is Harry Stein, an attorney with a long record in the Department of Justice.

Mr. YATES. What do you mean "a long record?"

Mr. JAYSON. Favorable work record, Mr. Yates. He is leaving us shortly, unfortunately. This is one of the areas I mentioned before, about the effect on morale from the tremendous pressure the Service is under. The American Law Division is the largest division, numberwise, and has some of the most difficult work and some of the most urgent work. It has reached the point where Mr. Stein said he would like to become a lawyer again, working under more normal conditions. Mr. YATES. This is one of your troubles.

Mr. JAYSON. This is one of the major troubles. The pressure is so intense, the review of work product he is responsible for is so extensive, so time consuming, detailed, and under such pressure of time, he could do as well in another agency without the intense pressure.

Mr. YATES. I know that I am guilty, too. I call up LRS and say I want a study within a week. I know that that puts a very great time consumption on you. I know every Member does the same thing.

Mr. JAYSON. One of the problems that we have, and I certainly am not suggesting it stems from your office, is something I would call the "push-button concept." Some of the staff of Members believe that when they call us all we need do is to push buttons and out comes the report; or they are under the misconception that we have researchers available, sitting on a bench the way pages do, and at the moment they call we can immediately put somebody to work on their request. Nothing could be further from the truth.

Mr. YATES. Not even with your temporary employees?

Mr. JAYSON. No, goodness, no. The temporary employees are the least productive in the sense they are not as trained as the oldtimers. Next we have an Economics Division which handles all matters with regard to economics, including fiscal policy, business, labor, housing, transportation, international trade, and the like.

This division is headed by an economist, Julius Allen.

We have an Education and Public Welfare Division which handles all matters relating to educational programs, public welfare, including social security, medicare, the poverty program, health, immigration, juvenile delinquency, and the like. This division is headed by

Fred Arner.

We have a Foreign Affairs Division which covers U.S. foreign policy, international organizations, national defense, comparative governments, world regions like Latin America, Southeast Asia, and the like. This is headed by Charles Gellner.

We have a Government and General Research Division which handles matters relating to political science, American Government, public administration, Indian affairs, Federal, State, and local relationships, governmental reorganization, and the like. This division also handles general matters. For example, writing. We have translators attached to this unit simply because they are a unique service.

The Government Division is headed by Merlin H. Nipe.

We have a Reference Division which is the new division I have spoken about. The Reference Division is the one which concentrates on constituent inquiries and fast reference-type Member inquiries. It is headed at the moment by an acting chief, Charles Goodrum, who is actually our coordinator of information and who was assigned to this division merely to get it started.

We have a Natural Resources Division which handles conservation, agriculture, fuels, power, outdoor recreation, water pollution, flood control and the like. This is headed by Tom Wilder.

We have a Science Policy Research Division which is one of our more recent divisions and handles matters relating to public policy on science and technology. The chief of that division is Edward Wenk, who at the moment is on leave to the executive branch with the National Council of Marine Resources Engineering Development. The acting chief is Charles Sheldon.

We have a Senior Specialist Division in which we have people whose specialties cut across various subject matters, which is headed by the director, myself.

Then, we have the Library Services Division, which is a service division designed to support the researchers. This is the division that acquires and processes and provides research documents and the like for the other researchers. It has a rather unique collection which Members and their staffs are free to use and which we find very helpful.

This is, in substance, a newspaper morgue. Part of this Division's work is to have a small staff of people scanning newspapers and periodicals on a daily basis, reading publications that come from the Government agencies, reading publications of lobbyists, publications of State and other organizations, watching all the books coming into the Library. They alert the researchers as to this new and current material, as it becomes available. They will send out a little card that looks like a catalog card to tell a researcher, for example, that in the latest Harvard Law Review there is an article on the Durham rule so if the research lawyer is interested in that subject, he will know about this current article.

They will tell the economist, for another example, that the New York Times magazine had an article on banking. They will clip that article

on banking and insert it into what I call a newspaper morgue. Suppose a researcher has a request with reference to agriculture in the West; he can withdraw this file relating to agriculture in the West and in it he will find prior LRS reports, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, Government agency publications on this subject, and in this way he is started very quickly on his research.

I might mention here that we believe that this is an area for automation in the future to alert our researchers and perhaps Members of Congress to current material, in subjects in which they are interested, as the material becomes available.

The last division is the Administrative Division which is my own office and that of the deputy director and our executive officer, which handles the intake of inquiries, the distribution of inquiries, reviews reports, handles management, personnel, and the like.

The Library Services Division, I should say, is headed by Norman A. Pierce.

Mr. YATES. Have you completed that?

Mr. JAYSON. Yes, sir.

I might also say that the congressional reading room is operated by LRS, by one of these divisions.

Mr. YATES. We are grateful for that. I use this facility very frequently.

TIME REQUIRED TO HANDLE INQUIRIES

How many of your studies took longer than a month to prepare? Mr. JAYSON. My records only show those that took longer than a week.

Mr. YATES. How many of your inquiries took longer than a week? Mr. JAYSON. During fiscal year 1966 we had 400 requests that took longer than a week. These represented 22.5 percent of our research time, total research time excluding clerical time.

Mr. YATES. You could not tell us how many took longer than 2 weeks or 3 weeks or a month? The reason I ask that question is I wonder whether it is not foreseeable that the time you receive a request, which, by its nature appears likely to take a long time and require a lot of digging, I wonder whether it is not better under such conditions to hire somebody to do it for you on the outside so that your staff is not tied up.

Mr. JAYSON. A good many of the requests can readily be identified as of that nature, for example, the printed reports that you discussed with me before.

Mr. YATES. I see the Committee on Science and Astronautics has done that on a number of occasions.

Mr. JAYSON. Frequently the scope of these reports will be negotiated or developed through our conferences with the chairman or staff men on a particular committee. Frequently after you get into it you run into aspects of problems that the members or the staff want expanded. Sometimes you run into aspects of the problems that they feel can be cut back. By and large, we have found, as I mentioned before, that the outside researcher may not have the feel for it that our staff develops.

COST OF CERTAIN STUDIES

Mr. YATES. Here is a document called the "Soviet Space Programs-1960-65." This is a staff report prepared for the use of the Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences of the U.S. Senate. It is a book of almost 1,000 pages. What would you say this study cost? Mr. JAYSON. This was prepared by, I believe, three of our senior people in the Legislative Reference Service, plus two people from other departments in the Library of Congress. The foreword would indicate that, Mr. Yates.

It is difficult for me to estimate this cost. Perhaps I can give you another illustration that will indicate the problem. Are you familiar with the "Constitution Annotated"?

Mr. YATES. Yes.

Mr. JAYSON. That 1,700-page volume?

Mr. YATES. Yes.

Mr. JAYSON. We update that every 10 years or so at the request of Congress.

The 1964 edition was 3 years in the making, not full time, by several of our people. The Congress reimbursed us to the extent of $25,000. We estimate that the cost of that to us was probably over $65,000.

Mr. YATES. Estimate the cost of that volume that I have just given to you to look at.

Mr. JAYSON. Perhaps I could provide it for the record.

Mr. YATES. Be glad to have you provide it for the record. (The information follows:)

The estimated cost to the Library of Congress, in terms of staff salaries, for the preparation of the report entitled, "Soviet Space Programs, 1962-65," is $27,300. The salaries to the staff members involved, while working on the report, is estimated as follows:

Mr. YATES. I am interested in knowing approximately what you think that would cost. You said that you had three of your senior analysts on it and two people from the Library of Congress. What do those three senior analysts get a year?

Mr. JAYSON. One of the authors, Joseph Whelan, is in grade 15.
Mr. YATES. What does he get in salary?

Mr. JAYSON. In the area of $20,000. Another of the authors was Leon Herman, who is our senior specialist in Soviet economics. His salary is probably about $25,000.

I would have to ask the Law Librarian as to Mr. Rusis and Mr. Dumas Krivickas.

Mr. COFFIN. Approximately $12,000 each.

Mr. JAYSON. Leonard Black is in the Aerospace and Technology Division.

Mr. YATES. The sum total of all those salaries per annum is roughly $70,000, is it not?