able before the book is received by the research library that needs the cards. We have considerably speeded up the cataloging of these materials.

For other materials in countries where we are not involved in title II-C programs, we are running about 3 weeks behind in making the catalog cards available. We still have a backlog in the card-distribution service. We have about a 3-week delay in the general distribution. Mr. ANDREWS. How does that compare with last year or 2 years ago? Mr. WELSH. Last year we were in better shape. We have had a tremendous increase in the number of orders for cards. We did not anticipate this increase. We are now slower in distributing the cards.

Dr. MUMFORD. This is one of the reasons we feel we must introduce automated procedures in the card distribution service. It has become a tremendous operation. We expect to sell over 70 million cards this fiscal year.

AUTOMATION PROGRAM

Mr. ANDREWS. You have talked to us for several years about automation and mechanization. You have started some work in that line. Do you expect when you complete these automated projects or mechanized projects that you will be able to reduce the number of employees?

Dr. MUMFORD. In the card distribution service specifically, it is anticipated we will be able to reduce the number of employees substantially, once we have introduced mechanized procedures.

Mr. ANDREWS. When do you foresee the completion of your autoLiated program for the cards?

Dr. MUMFORD. For the card distribution service, as I indicated in the statement, our first effort will be directed at sorting the orders as they come in and in the billing for them. We think that we can move fairly rapidly on those two aspects. We are now preparing a request for a proposal from an outside firm to come up with a design for a System that would enable us to supply cards upon demand, that would arch automatically the card numbers, and reproduce the cards from ; & miniature. If this became operational, we would not have to stock The millions and millions of cards that we now stock. To do this would, Sowever, take a longer period of time than we envision for the first fort.

Mr. YATES. How much space is now utilized for the stocking of cards?

Mr. WELSH. 20,000 square feet, sir.

Dr. MUMFORD. The whole operation takes about 60,000 square feet. Mr. ANDREWS. Where is that card operation located?

Dr. MUMFORD. Down at the old Naval Weapons Plant in the space. that was renovated for us by GSA. This committee provided money several years ago for the renovation of this space.

STATUS OF EFFORTS TO RENT ADDITIONAL SPACE

Mr. ANDREWS. Last year you planned to rent some additional space. Did you go through with that contract?

Dr. MUMFORD. The committee approved money for some 220,000 are feet of additional space. We have found one building of some

0 square feet and we are already occupying it. We have moved the

Division for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, and we are in the process of moving some other operations to this location.

Mr. ANDREWS. Did you not consider moving your card distribution operation into that new space?

Dr. MUMFORD. No, sir.

Mr. ANDREWS. You plan to stay at the Naval Gun Factory!

Dr. MUMFORD. If we can, until the Madison Building is completed. We are negotiating currently with GSA for additional locations, and have one in mind particularly that would provide some 50,000 or 60,000 additional square feet. We have not been able to find locations for all of the 220,000 square feet.

TOTAL NUMBER OF POSITIONS

Mr. ANDREWS. How many employees are on your direct appropriation?

Mr. ROSSITER. The employment is 2,661.

Mr. ANDREWS. What about positions?

Mr. ROSSITER. We have 2,494 authorized positions.

(Off the record.)

Mr. ANDREWS. I note on page 2 of the justifications you are requesting a total of 2,976 positions for fiscal year 1968, an increase of 332 additional positions; is that correct?

Mr. ROSSITER. Yes, sir.

Dr. MUMFORD. Including the 172 natives abroad who are employed in the Public Law 480 offices.

Mr. ANDREWS. Then the employment situation is this: You have a total of 3,894 on your payroll at this time?

Mr. ROSSITER. Yes, sir.

Mr. ANDREWS. 2,976 are paid from directly appropriated funds? Mr. ROSSITER. That is right, sir.

Mr. ANDREWS. To the Library.

Mr. ROSSITER. That is right, sir.

Mr. ANDREWS. 829 employees under the supervision of the Library of Congress are paid by reimbursements that you receive from other Government agencies?

Mr. ROSSITER. That is correct.

Mr. ANDREWS. We have already put a breakdown of those reimbursements in the record.

Mr. ROSSITER. Yes, sir.

Dr. MUMFORD. I think you said, Mr. Chairman, that we had 2,976. That includes those that we are requesting for fiscal 1968.

MONTHLY INDEX OF RUSSIAN ACCESSIONS

Mr. ANDREWS. Dr. Mumford, what provision is there in this budget for the preparation of the "Monthly Index of Russian Accessions"? Dr. MUMFORD. We have repeated the request for that, Mr. Chairman, in the appropriation language whereby $478,000 is transferred to the Library from the appropriations of the Office of Education, HEW. If I may repeat a little bit of the history of this publicationand we shall be glad to pass around a volume to the members who are not familiar with it-as you know, it was supported jointly by several governmental agencies for several years, and a very substantial part

of the support came from one agency. Each of these agencies decided that it was no longer of sufficient value for their particular needs to provide financial support for its publication.

The National Science Foundation supported it partly 1 year, and in fiscal 1965, we requested that the appropriation be made directly to the Library. As you know, the Appropriations Committee decided that inasmuch as two-thirds of the material in the index was in the field of science and technology, the National Science Foundation should pay for two-thirds of it and stipulated that in the language of the act.

Then last year, in view of the fact the National Science Foundation did not wish to budget for it, and in view of the fact that it was of great help in the field of higher education, the Senate committee decided that the Office of Education should finance it and this committee agreed.

This has been done during this year. There is a question, however, how this support could be continued. It was not stipulated in the committee's appropriation language as to what fund in the Office of Education it would come from.

Mr. ANDREWS. What is the cost of this program?

Dr. MUMFORD. About $478,000.

The Office of Education has indicated that it would like to pay, if it must support this, out of title II-C funds. This would reduce the effectiveness of our cataloging program for which title II-C is intended because funding under this program up to now has been limited.

We have inserted the language for the committee's consideration to have the Office of Education continue to support it, but I would urge very strongly, if the committee concurs in this, that it be stipulated that it not be taken out of title II-C unless there is full funding of title II-C or nearly full funding.

Mr. ANDREWS. In other words, you would rather use the money from title II-C for other purposes?

Dr. MUMFORD. Yes, sir.

Mr. ANDREWS. What is your opinion of this index?

Dr. MUMFORD. It is a very important tool, Mr. Chairman.

(Discussion off the record.)

Mr. ANDREWS. Are there any questions on Dr. Mumford's general statement?

Mr. YATES. I am delighted to see Dr. Mumford here. I just want to tell him of my very fine experiences with your employees in the Congressional Reading Room, how cooperative I find them and how very helpful. I also find very helpful the employees in the Legislative Reference Service. My relationship with the Library has been a very good one and I am delighted to tell Dr. Mumford that at this time. Dr. MUMFORD. Thank you, Mr. Yates.

Mr. Jayson, the Director of the Legislative Reference Service, is here and I am sure he will be glad to hear that.

Mr. JAYSON. I am indeed.

Mr. CASEY. I, too, want to express my appreciation for the assistance I have received from every member of the staff, as well as you personally.

Dr. MUMFORD. Thank you, sir.

STEPS IN PREPARING A CATALOG CARD

Mr. CASEY. Dr. Mumford, for the record, since many people are not familiar with it and I am not completely familiar with it, the details and the time consumed in preparing a catalog card, what does that entail? Does someone have to read the book?

Dr. MUMFORD. No, sir; one would not have to read the book. A cataloger would have to examine it first for the author, then check and see if we have established the author's name already in the catalog. In a catalog as large as ours, it would be chaotic if we didn't maintain consistency in names, whether personal or corporate. Then we list the title and give a description of the book, and finally assign subject headings to the book and a classification number.

Mr. CASEY. Is more than one card made on a book?

Dr. MUMFORD. We make one master card, what we call the unit card, and then that is reproduced. The average library will have a card by author, by title, and perhaps two or three subject headings applying to the book, and a shelf-list card. When we sell these cards to other libraries, they will order a complete set of cards for their catalogs, for these various purposes I have indicated. It sounds like a simple process, but it is not, especially for foreign materials.

Mr. CASEY. Someone may get the idea that all you do is list the book and the author.

Dr. MUMFORD. If you have a very small collection of books, say 500 or a thousand, listing them by author and title is a very simple thing, but with the collection the Library of Congress has, over 14 million volumes in conventional book form, and another 40 million items in nonbook form, it becomes a very complex operation and has to be done consistently and well.

Mr. CASEY. As I understand it, if someone wants to do research on a particular subject, they do not have to know the name of the author or the title of the book. They can approach it by subject, so you have to have different cross-indexes for a particular book. You may have several cards on one particular book; is that correct?

Dr. MUMFORD. That is correct.

Mr. CASEY. That is the point I wanted to make.

You perform this service and sell the cards and are paid for it. You have these cards made up so the other libraries don't have to go through that process themselves?

Dr. MUMFORD. That is correct.

Mr. CASEY. Instead of having libraries all over the country doing the same thing you are doing, they take advantage of your one-card service and pay you for it?

Dr. MUMFORD. About 20,000 libraries are buying the cards. It is the key to what is contained in the books and other library items.

EVENING OPENINGS

Mr. CASEY. I notice you are planning on providing evening and Saturday operation in certain reading rooms. You do not have that at the present time?

Dr. MUMFORD. No. At 5:45 we close the special reading rooms. The two general reading rooms, the main reading room, and the Thomas

Jefferson reading room in the annex building are open until 10, but the special reading rooms, such as music, manuscripts, maps and others are closed at 5:45 p.m.

We find a great many people who work during the day simply don't have an opportunity to use the collections, and scholars from outside the city who come to Washington to do research find themselves handicapped because they can only work during the hours we are open and are unable to work in the evenings and on weekends.

Mr. CASEY. How many additional rooms and facilities do you plan on opening?

Dr. MUMFORD. We have a statement with regard to that on page 46. We propose to extend service in the local history and genealogy room, the manuscript division, the music division, the newspaper reading room, the periodical and Government publication reading room, and the microfilm reading room.

Mr. CASEY. Those are things that not just scholars would be interested in.

Dr. MUMFORD. That is right, sir. We would like very much to extend these hours and will keep a record of the amount of use that is made. We know that they will be used. We don't know precisely how much. We think it will be considerable, but we would report to the committee next year on the use that is made and whether we feel it is justified in continuing longer hours.

PRESERVATION OF MOTION PICTURES

Mr. CASEY. I don't quite follow one item. You have a transfer of $50,000 for the preservation of motion pictures?

Dr. MUMFORD. This is a technicality. This has been previously carried as a separate appropriation. We are asking for it to be transferred to "L.C. salaries and expenses" in order to combine our various preservation programs.

Mr. CASEY. I notice in your justifications you have a lot of footage there to look after. What are you replacing them with, video tape, or what? The old cellulose acetate film that you are replacing? Dr. MUMFORD. It is being converted to safety film.

Mr. CASEY. Regular film again?

Dr. MUMFORD. It is film that will not deteriorate. The early motion. pictures are on a highly flammable nitrate film, which deteriorates rapidly.

Mr. CASEY. It is a regular motion picture film which is projected by light going through the film?

Dr. MUMFORD. That is correct.

Mr. CASEY. Just a different type film, a safety film?

Dr. MUMFORD. That is right.

Mr. CASEY. Many of those you have to make new negatives,? You make a negative for preservation and a print from the new negative? Dr. MUMFORD. Up until now in our conversion of motion picture film we have been able to obtain many positive prints from negatives owned by producers, but for much of what remains, as indicated here, we shall have to make a negative from the unique positive in our collections before we can make a positive for preservation.

Mr. CASEY. What demand do you have for the film? Does the motion picture industry have a similar library?

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