we owe to the Dingley measure, industry has revived and there is a general advance towards prosperity. The farmer, too, though, as usual, he is forgotten to be benefited by the tariff, has his countenance brightened by the sun of reviving times, for the price of wheat keeps rising, and the crop-prospects for the coming season are more than usually good. Moreover, as he gets rich again, despite the fall in silver, in which he was asked to put his trust, he gets rich in coin worth a hundred, rather than fortythree or even fifty-three, cents in the dollar.

To restrain jubilation at the passing of a high tariff, grave doubts exist, in the minds of even out-and-out Protectionists, as to the measure curing the evils which it was designed to remedy. These fears do not surprise us, since we have yet to see a high tariff which in its practical working does not defeat expectation. Though its exactions are higher, the volume of importations invariably diminishes, while as an exporting nation ourselves we have to lay our account with retaliation in foreign markets. Nor will labor, unless we are greatly mistaken, find its hopes realized in a period of high wages: it will fare well indeed if there are no further closing down of factories; and yet we would like to see a general rise in wages, which, besides giving security to the commonwealth, brings public happiness and, to the toiler, contentment with his otherwise hard lot. True wisdom, however, lies in economy, both in the individual and in the nation.

That economy is not the object of solicitude with the nation's legislators we need hardly point out. In the late Ses

sion it seems to have been less than ever the concern alike of Senators and Representatives; while the tariff, almost throughout, has been shaped in the exclusive interest, not of the people at large, but of manufacturers and trusts. So flagrantly has this been the case in the present Congress, that retrenchment has been deliberately set aside and extravagant appropriations encouraged, that the national tax-imposts may swell the already inordinate gains of corporate organizations. The fiscal policy of the country seems now to be entirely shaped by the trusts, and the end of independent and honest legislation apparently fast approaches.

AN ENGLISHArt in London, thanks MAN'S BEto the munificence of one QUEST TO THE BRITISH NAof her public-spirited citTION izens, has a new National Gallery, which has been erected at a cost of more than half million dollars, on the site of what used to be known as the Millbank Prison. The project of transforming a reformatory prison into a temple of Art, the home already of some of the finest national paintings, was the happy idea of a Mr. Henry Tate, an earnest and cultured lover of Art, who donated the building and its valuable contents to the British nation, for the encouragement and development of native Art, and, it is added-under the influence, doubtless, of Queen Victoria's Jubilee as "a thank-offering for a prosperous business career of sixty years." The new gallery is enriched at the same time by the gift of about twenty important paintings from the easel of Mr. George F. Watts, R. A., and by the masterpieces donated to the nation by the Chantrey Bequest, including notable canvases by the late Lord Leighton and Sir John Millais, by Sir Edward Poynter, the present President of the Royal Academy, by Mr. Luke Fildes, Mr. Herkomer, Mr. Orchardson, and other famous English artists. The Government has pledged itself to maintain the institution, and the trustees of the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square have undertaken to manage it. Mr. Tate, moreover, is to extend forthwith the capacities of this princely palace of Art, which, thanks to the donor's liberality, happily opens a new and attractive home for the national housing of the finest examples of British paintings. In his generous gift, Mr. Tate sets a noble example to possessors of wealth, earned by industry and intelligence, to make some suitable return to the nation that has given him his riches, in a gift of the highest educational and æsthetic value to the people.

import their teas from India, chiefly from the damp rich soil of Assam and Ceylon, where the commodity is produced in perfection. To-day the British import of the Indian leaf exceeds annually a hundred and twenty million pounds, and the price of its old Chinese rival has fallen from 60 cts. to under 10 cts. a pound-the latter figure being the bonding price, without the duty. Thus, in another way, does English enterprise extract millions from her Indian possessions to enrich the United Kingdom, while there is quickened in the Indian and Cinghalese tea-gardens an activity, with its accompanying rich profits, which was wont to be seen in the land of the Mongol, in the fair regions where bloom the precious but discarded Pekoe and Souchong. With the exclusion from the English markets of the once dominant leaf of the Celestial Empire, the shipping trade has also been diverted. The fast clipper sailing ships, with their beautiful lines and white wings, which used to race across from Chinese tea-ports with the speed of the trade-winds or monsoons, are now to be seen on other waters.

ELECTRICITY FROM GARBAGE

The achievements of electrical science not only augment our wonder, but become active agents in contributing to the necessities and comforts of our daily life. The latest novelty in this age of scientific marvels is the utilization of garbage, consisting not only of houserefuse but of the sweepings of the streets, in the production of electricity. In Shoreditch, a London municipality, the problem of how to dispose of the town's refuse dirt has been interestingly solved by collecting and burning it, the heat from the furnace cells in the crematory process being made to generate steam for driving engines in the manufacture of electric light. The example of Shoreditch may well be imitated by municipal bodies on this side the Atlantic, since the success of the project has been amply demonstrated, while profit has ensued to the corporation in saving the cost of carting away the refuse and utilizing it to run a complete electrical plant. The plan indeed has worked so well in London that the gathering and disposing of garbage, which hitherto had been a heavy expense to the municipality, has

now became a large source of revenue. From a sanitary point of view the plan has additional advantages, since the burning of the garbage, instead of dumping it where it will contaminate drinking water or otherwise be a menace to life, is a vital matter in contributing to the city's health.

Commenting upon the enterprise, a correspondent in the New York "Nation" observes, that the complete scientific description of the undertaking naturally belongs to an engineering journal. But the main outlines of the scheme, he adds, are well within easy grasp.

"

"Between fifty and sixty tons of refuse," he goes on to say, are brought to the Dust Destructor daily, and tipped from the carts into lifts. These are moved by electricity up to the tipping platform, run on rails, and emptied into bins from which the furnaces are fed. There are twelve destructor cells, or furnaces, with the large heating area of twenty-five square feet each, and also six water-tube boilers at the side, each with 1,300 square feet of heating surface. Now it is evident that dust and refuse will not burn as coal burns. To coax it to burn, there are motor-driven fans which cause a strong current of air to circulate. Each fan makes from 500 to 700 revolutions per minute. The hot air is drawn by suction from the top of the engine-house, forced into an air-duct by the fans, and goes underneath the cells and boilers to compel the refuse to burn. The air-supply is carefully regulated by valves, so that in case of coal or other easily burning fuel being used, it can be cut off. It was evident that dust is collected and preferably burned in the daytime; whereas night is the great time for using electricity. Dust destruction continues day and night at Shoreditch, twelve men stoking in three shifts of eight hours each, four to a shift. The question was, how to save up the steam generated in the day-time for use at night. This has been achieved by the Druitt Halpin thermal storage system, by which steam passes into a cylinder and is mixed with a small quantity of cold water from the feed-pumps. This steam is supplied to boilers in connection with the dynamos, and by this arrangement the boilers evaporate one-third more steam than the water-mains. would be the case if they were connected with

"There remains to consider the waste product of the refuse, which is reduced to about 30 per cent. of its original bulk. At present it is given away; but there is little doubt that a market will arise for it. It can be ground down to make good sand for mortar of excellent quality for bricks, for artificial paving-stone, concrete, and also for drainage and road-making before macadam is laid down. The Shoreditch vestry are at present considering the advisability of grinding the ash and using or selling it themselves as a subsidiary industry. There is absolutely no coal used in the destructor cells, nothing but refuse. The vestry clerk calculates that there will be an annual saving of $7.500."

EVENTS OF THE MONTH

Tuesday, July 13.-The number of silver dollars coined at the mints during the last fiscal year was 21,203,701... .Two warships will be sent to Hawaii to relieve the Philadelphia and Marion....The convention of the national league of Republican clubs was opened in Detroit, Mich....Turkey has dispatched an ultimatum to Persia demanding the withdrawal of Persian troops from Turkish territory, near Kerbeta; Russia is believed to be behind Persia

Queen Victoria received 180 members of the Pan-Anglican conference at Windsor castle.

Wednesday, July 14.-President McKinley has suspended the operation of ex-President Cleveland's order consolidating the pension agencies of the country and reducing their number to nine from eighteen....The anniversary of the fall of the Bastile was celebrated in France

. Mr. and Mrs. Whitelaw Reid entertained a large company at luncheon in London....It is said that the report of fighting at Candia between British troops and Bashi Bazouks is without foundation....The report that the Turks are constructing a military road in one of the passes of Mount Othrys has been confirmed.

Thursday, July 15.-The Transmississippi congress met at Salt Lake, Utah; William J. Bryan made a speech....A joint proposal of bimetallism was presented to Great Britain on behalf of the United States and France; the British cabinet will give its answer at a subsequent conference....It was announced in London that a conference will be held in Washington in the autumn to consider the Bering sea seal question, and that Great Britain, Russia, Japan, and the United States will be represented....A dispatch from Paris to a London news agency says that inquiry at the United States embassy confirms a rumor that Spain and Japan have arranged an offensive alliance against the United States for the mutual protection of Cuba and Hawaii.

Friday, July 16.-The Transmississippi congress, at Salt Lake, adopted resolutions favoring the annexation of Hawaii and the construction of the Nicaraguan canal; recommending recognition of Cuba as a nation; providing for a national board of arbitration, and for fostering the beet-sugar industry....The New York bankers' association adopted resolutions demanding that Congress take action on the currency question and recommending retirement of all government paper....Acting upon the suggestion of Captain-General Weyler, the queen regent has pardoned eight insurgent chiefs who were under sentence of death....A number of Russian students have been arrested at the request of the Russian government on the charge of complicity in nihilistic movements.

Saturday, July 17.-The steamship Portland arrived at Port Townsend, Wash., with over $700,000 in gold from the Klondyke region on board; the excitement over the discoveries is increasing on the Pacific coast.... President McKinley nominated Terence V. Powderly, formerly general master workman of the Knights of Labor, to be commissioner-general of immigration....Turkey, after presenting a new and unacceptable frontier scheme to the peace conference, was informed that the conference would

adjourn until the frontier line traced by the military attachés was accepted...The Rev. Dr. Butler, bishop-elect of Concordia, Kan., died in Rome.

Sunday, July 18.-The striking miners in the Pittsburg district are becoming desperate, and there are indications of trouble ahead ....An earthquake occurred in the island of Stromboli, one of the Lipari Islands....Edward Charles Baring, Baron Revelstoke, is dead.... An Indian loan of 300 lacs of rupees at 31⁄2 per cent. is announced.

Monday, July 19.-The press of Madrid expresses sympathy with England over the Sherman incident and criticises the conduct of the American government...Gold to the amount of $250,000 was withdrawn from the New York. sub-treasury for shipment to Canada....The steamer Hope, with the Peary and other Greenland expeditions on board, sailed from Boston ....The excitement in regard to the gold diggings on the Klondyke continues, and many men are setting out for the new Eldorado... The Czar has telegraphed to the Sultan demanding the immediate evacuation of Thessaly.... Under-Secretary Curzon said in the House of Commons that the request of the United States for a conference to consider more adequate measures for protecting the seals had been declined as "premature"....The Japanese official press says it is probable that the Mikado's government will agree to the Hawaiian proposal to submit the pending disputes to arbitration.

Tuesday, July 20.-The President signed the deficiency appropriation bill....The treasury department notified the collectors of customs at New York and other ports to make final liquidation of all entries made since the passage of the tariff bill by the House, the retroactive clause having been discarded by the conferees....Em-· peror William's physician says that the sight of the Emperor's eye was in no sense impaired by the recent accident on the imperial yacht.... China is about to reorganize her army on the lines of the German military; a Chinese fleet is to be built in England and Germany....Jean Ingelow, the poet and novelist, died in London.

Wednesday, July 21.-The American exhibits of tools, agricultural implements, and bicycles at the Brussels exposition excel, but in other departments the American showing is a failure

A Chicago dispatch says that 3,000 tons of Bessemer pig iron, the product of a Milwaukee mill, have been sold for export to Germany... The Sultan of Turkey has issued an irade sanctioning the settlement of the frontier question in accordance with the wishes of the Powers.

Thursday, July 22.-The Secretary of State will issue a circular supplementing one previously sent out, in which foreign countries will be asked and invited to take part in the Omaha exposition ... President E. B. Andrews, of Brown University, Rhode Island, whose freesilver utterances were distasteful to the trustees and fellows of the institution has resigned.... A monument to Gen. John A. Logan was unveiled in Chicago....It is said that the Dominion premier has obtained a written assurance

Mr.

that Great Britain will denounce the Belgian and German commercial treaties....A new bill, giving the government power to repress opposition meetings and agitation, has been passed by the upper house of the Prussian diet.. Whitelaw Reid, special envoy of the United States to the Queen's diamond jubilee, gave a notable dinner in London as a return for British hospitality.

Friday, July 23.-The treasury department has given orders for $104,000,000 in notes of small denominations, in anticipation of a large demand for currency to be used in moving the crops....T. B. McGregor, president of the united mine-workers of Missouri and Kansas, says he will refuse to order the men in his jurisdiction to join the coal strike....The Turks have begun the evacuation of Thessaly....The Czar has presented King Alexander of Servia, with 40,000 Berdan rifles and 25,000,000 cartridges....It is said that Germany, chagrined at the result of her protest against the annexation of Hawaii, sounded Japan, but the latter declined to be a party to any concerted action.

Saturday, July 24.-The tariff was passed by the Senate and signed by the President; the President sent to congress a message recommending the appointment of a non-partisan monetary commission....A number of steamships arrived at New York after a race across the ocean to enter their cargoes prior to the passage of the new tariff law....A company headed by J. Edward Addicks has sent representatives to the Klondyke region of Alaska to take part in the hunt for gold....Captain-General Weyler has recently received from Spain a million dollars in silver for war purposes....The partisans of Don Carlos, pretender to the throne of Spain, are said to have resumed active agitation

Work has completely suspended in Barcelona, Spain, owing to strikes.

Sunday, July 25.-Debs and other strike agitators held meetings in the Fairmont region of West Virginia; the mines are all guarded by deputy sheriffs....The details of Count Okuma's (the Japanese minister of foreign affairs) protest against the annexation of Hawaii are published; in them the Count is quoted as saying: "Japan must oppose to the utmost; the annexation must not be recognized." The visit of the Emperor and Empress of Germany to St. Petersburg is to be signalized by a great display of pomp and ceremony.

Monday, July 26.-The President and Secretary Alger decided to send a company of troops to Alaska to support the civil authorities in the administration of the law....The British government has again declined to interfere in the execution of the sentence imposed on Mrs. Maybrick.....The Transvaal raid was debated in the house of commons on a motion to compel the production of telegrams which had been refused the committee; the motion was defeated

The Canadian cabinet has decided to levy a royalty on gold taken out of the Klondyke.

Tuesday, July 27.-The President has appointed Major Moses P. Handy, of Illinois, to be special commissioner to the Paris international exposition in 1900....Labor leaders met in conference at Wheeling, W. Va., to consider the coal-strike situation; mine operators

met at Pittsburg and discussed a proposed uniformity agreement....United States ex-Senator James Doolittle, of Wisconsin, died near Providence, Rhode Island... As a result of the initiative of Germany, backed by Austria and Italy, a clause has been drafted for embodiment in the Turco-Grecian peace treaty whereby European financial control will be established at Athens... Mr. George J. Goschen, first lord of the British admiralty, announced a supplemental naval estimate of £500,000 for the commencement of four very swift armed cruisers, made necessary by rapid additions to foreign navies.

Wednesday, July 28.-The receipts from internal revenue during the past fiscal year amounted to $146,619,508, which was $211,106 less than the previous year.... Passengers on the steamship Majestic arriving at New York were obliged to pay duties under the new tariff law on all personal effects they had brought from abroad exceeding $100 in value... Canada has decided to impose a royalty on all the gold taken from the Klondyke fields; the rate will be 10 per cent. on claims yielding $500 a month and 20 per cent. on all heavier yields; efforts are to be made to establish a telegraph line and build a road; customs and police officers are being hurried to the front.

Thursday, July 29.-President McKinley began his summer outing at Lake Champlain ... Decrees of sale of the Union Pacific railway under foreclosure were entered at Omaha ; the upset price was placed at $50,637,455....Advices received in Chicago from twenty-seven States show that business is picking up, and that a definite improvement in conditions exists....The views of Germany as respects European control of Greek finances were agreed to by the ambassadors at Constantinople....In Mexico the theory is advanced that European bankers are depressing the price of silver as an answer to the Dingley tariff....Andrew Carnegie has offered the town of Stirling, Scotland, the sum of £6,000 for a public library.

Friday, July 30.-The state department is informed that Japan has accepted Hawaii's offer to arbitrate the differences between the two countries....The British foreign office notified Ambassador Hay that Great Britain accepted the proposition of the United States for an international conference on the question of pelagic sealing in the Bering sea....Further fighting has occurred between the British forces and native tribesmen in India; the tribesmen were repulsed....The King of Siam arrived at Portsmouth, England, and was received with royal honors.

Saturday, July 31.-The treasury department, has prepared a statement showing the estimated loss of revenue to the government on account of increased imports during the months of March, April, May, and June, 1897, in anticipation of the increased duties imposed by the new tariff act; the aggregate net loss is estimated at $32,666,427....The situation in the coal miners' strike becomes more serious... Captain-General Weyler announced that he would grant amnesty to fifteen hundred exiles from Cuba....A statement from Athens indicates that should foreign control of Greek finances be adopted the King of Greece would abdicate.

Sunday, August 1.-The state of siege at the De Armitt mines near Pittsburg was maintained, several thousand strikers arriving there from the surrounding country... It is reported from Cheyenne, Wyoming, that two officers of the Eighth Infantry, stationed at Fort D. A. Russell, are under orders to go to Alaska, to investigate the situation and report on the advisability of sending troops to that region....In consequence of the rapid spread of the revolt of the tribesmen the Indian government has ordered the reserve brigade to assemble....A report has reached Cape Town that the Portuguese have been badly routed in the Bileni district, north of Delagoa Bay. The foreign admirals at Canea have decided to oppose by force the landing of any additional Turkish troops.... News has reached Cairo of heavy tribal fighting up the Nile between the Dervishes and the Jaalins; the Dervishes, under one of the generals of the Khalifa, defeated the Jaalins in a pitched battle and occupied Metemneh on July 1.

Monday, August 2.-The monthly statement of the public debt shows that the debt, less cash in the treasury, at the close of business on July 31, was $993,446,646, an increase during the month of $6,790,560, which is accounted for by a corresponding decrease in the cash in the treasury; this decrease is in consequence of exceptionally heavy disbursements....Fort Chakdara, in the Chitral district, has been relieved by the British force under General Blood.

Tuesday, August 3.-The proposed uniformity agreement in regard to coal mining in the Pittsburg district is completed; it is believed that the required number will approve it; after that it is intended to hold a conference with the miners and agree upon a new wage scale.... British metal dealers have placed an, order with the Pittsburg reduction company for 1,000 tons of aluminum; the contract was secured in open competition with all the aluminum works of Europe....A.division of the Turkish fleet has been ordered from the Dardanelles to Crete.... Viscount Garnet Joseph Wolseley, field marshal and commander-in-chief of the British army, is seriously ill....The uprising of natives in Bechuanaland has collapsed, the chiefs having surrendered to the British authorities.

Wednesday, August 4.-The domestic exports for the fiscal year, which ended on June 30th last, were the largest in the history of the United States and established a new record.. The government has begun to press for a settlement of the McCord claim for $50,000 against Peru....All records for gold deposited at the San Francisco mint in one day were broken by the receipt of $3,750,000....The South African policy of the British government was attacked in the house of commons; Mr. Joseph Chamberlain declined to reopen the Transvaal affair, but explained the action of the government with reference to the commercial treaties with Germany and Belgium.

Thursday, August 5.-The price of silver in New York declined to 554 cents per ounce bid; this makes the bullion value of the silver dollar a trifle more than 43 cents....The State committee of the National Democrats of Ohio decided to call a state convention in Columbus, on September 8 and 9, to nominate a state ticket

The deputies representing the principal Cretan provinces have sent to the foreign admirals an official declaration, accepting autonomy....Japan is said to have suggested the King of Belgium as arbiter of the dispute with Hawaii.

Friday, August 6.-The commercial ratio between gold and silver is 36.6 to I....The navy department directed the preliminary acceptance of the gunboats Marietta and Wheeling, built by the Union iron works of San Francisco.... The British cabinet informed the American bimetallic commission that it will probably reply to the proposal of the commissioners on behalf of the United States in October; the American commissioners say they are not discouraged by the postponement. The British parliament was prorogued until October 23....The British political officer at Malakand, India, reports that 2,700 of the tribesmen were killed in the recent uprising....The Canadian government has taken steps to enforce the alien labor laws against citizens of the United States.

Saturday, August 7.—The President has made the following appointment: William L. Distin, of Quincy, Ill., to be surveyor-general of Alaska ....The report of an expert of the geological survey, who made investigations in Alaska, is published....The international arbitration conference was opened in Brussels; an especially cordial welcome was given to the delegates from the United States....The Emperor and Empress of Germany arrived at Cronstadt, Russia....At the state banquet given by the Russian Czar and Empress to Emperor William and Empress Augusta Victoria in St. Petersburg, mutual toasts were indulged in for the maintenance of peace.

Sunday, August 8.-Señor Canovas del Castillo, the prime minister of Spain, was assassinated at Santa Agueda by an anarchist.... Secretary of State Sherman expressed the opinion that the assassination of Castillo would create sympathy for and thus strengthen his party....It is asserted that the Russian government will prohibit the export of wheat, owing to the bad harvest throughout Russia.

Monday, August 9.-Consul-General Haywood, in a report to the state department, states that during 1896 American vessels numbering 247, of 243,983 tons, entered at Hawaiian ports, while vessels of all other nationalities numbered 139, of 234,014 tons; these are the only foreign ports where a majority of the carrying trade is now under the American flag. The annual meeting of the American association for the advancement of science began in Detroit.... Michele Angine Golli, who shot and killed Señor Canovas del Castillo, the Spanish premier, has confessed that the deed was the outcome of an extensive anarchist conspiracy....Another outbreak is reported on the Afghan frontier.

Tuesday, August 10.-Many British scientists are arriving at New York to be present at the meeting at Toronto, Can., of the British Science Association. Among the arrivals are Lord Kelvin (Sir Wm. Thompson), the great inventor and experimenter in magnetism, and Sir Joseph Lister, the distinguished English

surgeon.