SPECIFIC GRAVITY-DENSITY-SIZES OF PRINTING PAPERS. 71 U. S. equivalents. 0.621376 mile 4.633 acres 1.0127 pounds 1.043 pour ds 1,014 pounds 1.0161 pounds 1.01465 pounds 1.0143 pounds 1.0143 pounds 1.0161 pounds 1.0567 quarts 1.0791 pounds 1.5-6 acres 0.507 pound 39.37 inches 0.9478 foot 101.42 pounds 130.06 pounds 101.61 pounds 100 pounds 220.46 pounds 2,700 cuadras. (See Cuadra) 34.1208 inches 33.874 inches Central America Chili and Peru.. Cuba Mexico Paraguay Venezuela SPECIFIC GRAVITY, 33.367 inches 33.384 inches 33 inches 34 inches 33.384 inches Specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a given bulk of any substance to that of a given substance, which, as a rule, is distilled water for solids and liquids, air and hydrogen for gases. As the density of water varies with the temperature, the comparison with water is made with water at its temperature of maximum density, or at about 39 degrees Fahrenheit. Following are the specific gravities of various substances, as compared with water: For gases the expression specific gravity is now almost never used, density having practically displaced it. DENSITY OF GASES, RELATIVELY TO HYDROGEN. 1.33 Mercury 13.60 1.45 Gold, cast .19.26 ..21.50 JAPANESE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Long Measure.--Kai-Ri equals 1.507 miles, 1 mile (1,460 yards) equals 14 cho and 49 ken, 1 yard equals 3 shaku, 1 foot equals 1 shaku and 1 inch equals 8 bu and 4 rin. Capacity.-Gallon (liquid) equals 2 sho, 5 go and 2 shaku; bushel equals 1 to 9 sho and 5 go. Weight. One mo equals 0.000008 pound (avoirdupois), 1 rin (10 mo) equals 0.000083 pound (avoirdupois), 1 fun (10 rin) equals 5.7972 grains (avoirdupois), 1 momme (10 fun). equals 2.12 drams (avoirdupois), 1 kin (160 momme) equals 1.3251 pounds (avoirdupois), 1 kwan equals 8.2817 pounds (avoirdupois), 1 ton (or 2,24) pounds), about 270 kwan, 946 momme short ton (2,000 pounds), about 240 kwan, 916 momme; 1 hundredweight (112 pounds), about 13 kwan, 547 momme; pound (16 ounces), about 121 momme. SYSTEMS OF RECORDING TEMPERATURES. There are three kinds of thermometers in both scientific and popular use. Great Britain and the United States have the Fahrenheit scale, Germany the Réaum and France the Centigrade. The Centigrade is allied with the measures of the Metric System. The variations between the three standards are shown in the following table: Fahrenheit... 122 113 40 grade.. Centi Fahren 50 35 36 45 33 112 Fever. 36 4532 Freez 10-01 98 Blood. 29 37 23 -45 -8-10 24 30 5 -12-15 To convert Centigrade into Fahrenheit multiply by 9, divide by 5 and add 32. Το convert Réaum into Fahrenheit multiply by 9, divide by 4 and add 32. To convert Fahrenheit into Centigrade deduct 32, multiply by 5 and divide by 9. To convert Fahrenheit into Réaum deduct 32, multiply by 4 and divide by 9. To convert Centigrade into Réaum multiply by 4 and divide by 5. To convert Réaum into Centigrade multiply by 5 and divide by 4. FOREIGN MONEYS AND COINS. The coins of silver standard countries are valued by their pure silver contents, at the average market price of silver for the three months preceding July 1, 1910. †Under former system-Gold, 4 florins ($1.929), 8 florins ($3.858), ducat ($2.287), 4 ducats ($9.139). Silver: 1 and 2 florins. The sovereign is the standard coin of India, but the rupee ($0.3244%) is the money of account, current at 15 to the sovereign. Amoy, .641; Canton, .640; Chefoo, .613; Chin Klang, .627; Fuchau, .503; Haikwan (customs), .653; Hankow, .600; Klaocrow, .632; Nanking. 635; Niuchwang, .601; Ningpo, 617; Peking, .625; Shanghai, .586; Swatow, .592; Takau, .645; Tien-Tsin, .622 Dollar; Hongkong, .422; British, .422; Mexican, .425. ††Seventy-five centigrams fine gold. tttValue in Mexico, $0.498. INTERNATIONAL VALUE OF COINS. Showing equivalents of one nation's coins with the coins of other nations. Austria.-Crown=100 Hellers 40 Egyptian sequins-1.06 French francs-85 German pfennigs 10 English pence-1.06 Italian liras 187 Portuguese reis-26 1-3 Russian kopeks-1.06 Spanish pesetas 4.28 Turkish picsters-20.3 United States cents. Egypt.-Sequin-100 plasters 25 Austrian hellers=26 French centimes-21 German pfennigs=24 pence-26 Italian lira-46 Portuguese reis-6 Russian kopeks= 26 Spanish centimos-1.06 Turkish plasters 5 United States cents. France.-Franc-100 centimes-94 Austrian hellers 38 Egyptian plasters-80 German pfennigs-9% English ponce-1 Italian lira 176 Portuguese reis-25 Russian kopeks-1 Spanish peseta-4.18 Turkish piasters-19.3 United States cents. Germany.-Mark-100 pfennigs=1.18 Austrian crowns 47 Egyptian plasters= 1.25 French francs-1 English shilling=1.25 Italian lira-220 Portuguese reis=31 Russian kopeks-1.25 Spanish pesetas 5.22 Turkish plasters 23.8 United States cents. Great Britain.-Pound sterling-20 shillings-12 pence-24 Austrian crowns-9,70 French francs-3.24 German marks 3 shillings 2 pence English 4 Italian lira= 4.493 Portuguese milreis-6.30 Russian rubles-25%1⁄2 Spanish pesetas=113% Turkish plasters 4.86% United States dollars. Italy. Lire 100 centesimi, is of the same value as the French franc. Portugal-Milreis=1,000 reis 5.34 Austrian crowns=2.16 Egyptian sequins 5.67% French francs-4.54 German marks 4 shillings 5% pence English=5.76% Italian lira-1.40 Russian rubles-5.67% Spanish pesetas 25.9 Turkish plasters= $1 08 United States. Russia. Ruble-100 kopeks-3.81 Austrian crowns-1.54 Egyptian sequins 4 French francs 3.24 German marks 3 shillings 2 pence English-4 Italian liras713% Portuguese reis-4 Spanish pesetas-18 Turkish plasters 51 United States cents. Spain.-Peseta=100 centimos-94 Austrian hellers 38 Egyptian plasters--1 French franc-80 German pfennigs=91⁄2 English pence-1 Italian lira-176 Portuguese reis 25 Russian kopeks-4.18 Turkish plasters-19.3 United States cents. Turkey.-Plaster 40 para-5 Austrian crowns 9 Egyptian plasters=22% French centimes 18 German pfennigs=2% English pence-22 Italian centesimi=39 13-20 Portuguese reis 51⁄2 Russian kopeks-12 Spanish centimos 4.4 United States cents. Note: Foreign money is subject to fluctuations of the exchange. JAPANESE CURRENCY. The coins now chiefly used in Japan | are also paper bills of 1 yen and upward. are copper, nickel, silver and gold, but in One yen is $0.4935 and 1 sen equals the country districts it is still possible to find brass coins of less than mill value. The copper pieces are 1⁄2 sen, 1 sen and 2 sen. The 5-sen piece is the only nickel coin. The silver pieces are 5 sen, 10 sen, 20 sen, 50 sen and 1 yen, and the gold coins are 5 yen, 10 yen and 20 yen. There cent. An American dollar equals 2.006 |