ville, Fla.; medical examiner-in-chief, Dr. P. N. K. Schwenk, No. 810 North 7th street, Philadelphia, Penn. Next regular meeting of the National Camp at Reading, Penn., fourth Tuesday of September, 1911. Second Army Corps Association. Officers for 1909: President, Dr. William Tindall, Washington, D. C.; vice-president for First Division, Nathan Bickford; vice-president for Second Division, M. E. Urell; vice-president for Third Division, N. M. Brooks; secretary, O. D. Thatcher, No. 510 13th street, Washington, D. C.; treasurer, James S. Wyckoff; chaplain, Charles Lyman; historian, William T. Seville; sergeant-at-arms, Josephus Perry. Society of the Army of the Cumberland. Organized in 1868. Officers: President, General Gates P. Thruston, Nashville, Tenn.; corresponding secretary, Orlando A. Somers, Kokomo, Ind.; recording secre tary, Lieutenant Charles E. Stivers, Chattanooga, Tenn.; treasurer, General E. A. Carman, Washington, D. C.; historian, Colonel G. C. Kniffen, Washington, D. C. The permanent meeting place of this society is Chattanooga, Tenn. The annual reunion is held on Wednesday and Thursday of the midweek of October in each year. Society of the Army of the Ohio. Organized 1903. President, General Thomas J. Henderson, Princeton, Ill.; first vice-president, General J. S. Casement; treasurer, Captain Robert Armour; secretary and historian, J. Fraise Richard, Washington, D. C.; executive committee, Captain A. F. McMillan, Captain Robert Armour, Colonel John A. Joyce, Captain G. A. Lyon, Captain R. A. Ragan, J. G. Burchfield and Captain Theodore F. Brown; publication committee, Captain J. C. Morgan, Captain W. P. Pierce, J. R. Weathers, Clark Arnold, Captain E. A. Fenton, Lieutenant J. H. Simpson and Lieutenant N. H. Merrill. Society of the Army of the Potomac. Organized 1869. Officers: President, Capt. Charles Curie, New York City; recording secretary, General Horatio C. King, Brooklyn, N. Y.: corresponding secretary, Colonel W. L. Fox; treasurer, Charles A. Shaw, Brooklyn, N. Y. Society of the Army of Santiago de Cuba. Organized in the Governor's Palace at Santiago de Cuba, July 81, 1898. The purpose of this organization is to record the history and conserve the memory of the campaign which resulted in the surrender on July 17, 1898, of the Spanish army, the city of Santiago de Cuba and the military province to which it pertained. The officers of the national society are: President, Major General S. S. Sumner; first vicepresident, Lieutenant Colonel Charles Dick; second vice-president, Brigadier General Chambers McKibbin; secretary and treasurer, Colonel Alfred C. Sharpe; assistant secretary and treasurer, Major S. E. Smiley; historian, Major G. Creighton Webb; registrar general, Brigadier General Philip Reade. Society of the Army of the Tennessee. Organized at Raleigh, N. C., April 14, 1865. Headquarters, Cincinnati, Ohio. Officers: President, Major General Grenville M. Dodge, lowa; vice-presidents, Rathburn Fuller, Toledo: Ohio; Captain W. R. Hodges, St. Louis, Mo.; Captain Woodson 8. Marshall, Marion, Ind.; Colonel John F. McClure, Peoria, Ill.; Captain W. P. Speer, New York: Colonel Oscar Jackson, New Castle, Penn.; Captain Joseph Dickerson, Seattle, Wash.; Mrs. L. D. Montgomery, Council Bluffs, Iowa; Captain E. B. Super. Emmettsburg, Iowa: Captain J. G. Everest, Chicago; Captain O. C. Lademan, Milwaukee, Wis.; Major George Mason, Chicago; corresponding secretary, Major W. H. Chamberlain, Cincinnati, Ohio: treasurer, Smith Hickenlooper. Cincinnati, Ohio; recording secretary, Colonel Cornellus Cadle, P. O. box 35, Cincinnati, Ohio. Society of the Cincinnati, The Society of the Cincinnati was founded on May 10. 1783, by American and French officers serving in the Continental Army. Membership has been handed down to the eldest lineal male descendant, and on failure of direct male descent. to male descendants through intervening female descendants. In 1854 it was ruled that proper descendants of Revolutionary officers who were eligible to membership but never acquired it should also be considered eligible. The general officers of the order are: President, Winslow Warren. Boston, Mass.: vice-president, James Simons, Charleston, S. C.; secretary. Asa Bird Gardiner, 24 Stone st. New York City: treasurer, Francis M Caldwell, Philadelphia, Penn. The next triennial meeting will be held in Newport, R. I., in May, 1911. Society of Colonial Dames. Officers: Mrs. William Ruffin Cox, Virginia, president; Mrs. Henry Lahunt Lyster, Michigan: Mrs. Barrett Wendell, Massachusetts, and Mrs. Alexander F. Jamieson, New Jersey, vice-presidents; Mrs. Joseph R. Lamar, Georgia, secretary; Mrs. A. J. Cassatt, Pennsylvania, treasurer; Mrs. Nathaniel T. Bacon, Rhode Island, registrar, and Mrs. John Y. Taylor, District of Columbia, assistant secretary. Society of Colonial Wars. Principal officers: Governor general, Arthur J. C. Sowdon, Boston, Mass.; vicegovernor general, Howland Pell, New York City; secretary general, Clarence Storm, No. 45 William street. New York City: deputy secretary general, Samuel V. Hoffman, New York City; treasurer general, William Macpherson Hornor, Philadelphia, Penn.; registrar general, George Norbury Mackenzie, Baltimore, Md.: historian general, T. J. Oakley Rhinelander, New York City; chaplain general, the Rt. Rev. Daniel 8yl vester Tuttle. D. D., LL. D., St. Louis, Mo. A deputy governor general is elected from each state society. For New York, General Charles F. Roe. Membership, 4,100. Next triennial meeting 1911. Sons of the Revolution. A society formed to perpetuate the memory and principles of the men of the American Revolution. The members are descendants of the active men of the Revolution. Officers of the general society: General president, John Lee Carroll, Ellicott City, Md.; general vice-president, Edmund Wetmore, New York City; second general vice-president, Wilson G. Harvey. Charleston, S. C.; general secretary, James Mortimer Montgomery, No. 102 Front street, New York; assistant general secretary, Professor William Libbey, Princeton, N. J.; general treasurer, Richard McCall Cadwalader, No. 183 South 12th street, Philadelphia; assistant general treasurer, Henry Cadle, Bethany, Mo.; general chaplain, the Rev. Dr. Edward Everett Hale, Washington, D. C.; general registrar, Walter Gilman Page, Fenway Studios, Boston; general historian, William G. McCabe, Virginia. Sons of the American Revolution. Incorporated by act of Congress June 9, 1906. A society of the lineal descendants of soldiers, sailors and conspicuous patriots of the Revolution. Originally instituted in California in October, 1875, and organized July 4, 1876. The several state societies organized a national society April 30, 1889. Officers of the national society in 1908-1909 were: President, Judge Henry Stockbridge, Baltimore, Md.; vice-presidents, George W. Bates, Michigan; George R. Howe, New Jersey; William J. Van Patten, Vermont; John R. Webster, Nebraska, and Clarkson N. Guyer, Colorado; secretary and registrar, A. Howard Clark, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.; treasurer, Willard Secor, Forest City, Iowa; historian, Walter K. Watkins, Massachusetts; chaplain, the Rev. Dr. Frank O. Hall, New York. Sons of Veterans. The general officers of the Sons of Veterans are: Commander in chief, George W. Pollitt, Paterson, N. J.; senior vice-commander, Arthur Boutwell, Concord, N. H.: Junior vice-commander, Francis E. Cross, Washington; chief of staff, Edwin M.; Amies, Altoona, Penn.; members of the council in chief, Thomas J. Hannon, Dedham, Mass.; Felix A. Kramer, Madison, Wis.; John A. Bommhardt, Cleveland. Society of the War of 1812. The Society of the War of 1812 was organized September 14, 1814. It is composed of state societies, organized successively by the original participants in the war and their descendants in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Ohio, Illinois, District of Columbia, New York, New Jersey and Delaware, the members of each of which are borne upon the membership roll of the General Society. The officers are: President general, John Cadwalader, Philadelphia; secretary general, Calvin Lord, No. 141 Purchase street, Boston, Mass.; assistant secretary general, John M. Dulany, Maryland; treasurer general, George H. Richards, New Jersey: registrar general, Henry Harmon Noble; judge advocate general, Major John Biddle Porter, U. S. A. Thirteenth Army Corps Association. Organized in 1889. Officers: President, General Eugene A. Carr, U. S. A. (retired); secretary, Fletcher White, Pension Bureau, Washington, D. C.; E. C. Dougherty, Washington, D. C. Union Society of the Civil War. Organized January 30, 1909. Membership limited to those who rendered civil services to the government from 1861 to 1865 and their descendants. Officers: President, Colonel Silas W. Burt, Montclair, N. J.; first vice-president, Frederick W. Seward, Montrose, N. Y.; secretary, Colonel Henry H. Andrew, Union, W. Va.; treasurer, Frederick W. Lincoln, Greenwich, Conn.; corresponding secretary, Coolidge Streeter, No. 507 West End avenue, New York City. Union Veteran Legion. Officers: Thomas J. Shannon, Washington, D. C., commander; Ben D. Miner, Indiana, quartermaster general; C. H. Gardner, Pennsylvania, surgeon general; the Rev. N. H. Holmes, Pennsylvania, chaplain in chief; executive committee, Robert McKeown, New York; Thomas H. Carter, Maryland; Frank L. Blair, Pennsylvania; C. G. Stewart, New Jersey, and James Lynn, Delaware. United Spanish War Veterans. An amalgamation of the original Spanish War Veterans' Association with the Spanish-American War Veterans and the Society of the Service Men of the Span-: ish War was effected April 18, 1904. In 1906 the Legion of Spanish War Veterans. an organization confined in membership to Massachusetts principally, united with the parent association. In 1908 the Veteran Society of the Philippines became affiliated. The chief national officers are: Commander in chief, Edward J. Gihon. Boston, Mass.; senior vice-commander in chief, Emery F. Marshall, Chicago: Junior vice-commander in chief, J. I. McLaughlin, Los Angeles, Cal.; surgeon general, Dr. E. M. Brown, Tacoma, Wash.; judge advocate general, Jay H. Upton, Portland, Ore.; chaplain in chief, the Rev. T. A. Meyers, Oklahoma City, Okla.; paymaster general, Morris L. Thomas, Old Forge, Penn.; commissary general, Henry M. Schimler, New York City; chief mustering officer, Joseph Cannon, Vallejo, Cal.; national historian, William D. Tucker, New York City. RULERS OF THE CHIEF COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD. Ruler. Menelek II (Emperor).. Argentine Republic... Figueroa Alcorta (President, 6 years). Country. Abyssinia Afghanistan Austria-Hungary China Colombia Costa Rica. Cuba Denmark Francis Joseph I (Emperor). Albert (King).. Elidore Villazon (President, 4 years). Pedro Montt (President, Pu Yi (Emperor)...... years). Gonzalez Valencia (President, 6 years). Dominican Republic.. Ramon Caceres (President). Ecuador Eloy Alfare (President, 4 years). Clement Armand Fallières (President, 7 years) February 18, 1906. George I (King of the Hellenes). Manuel Estrada Cabrera (President, 6 years). Miguel R. Davila (President, 6 years). Mutsu Hito (Emperor). Arthur Barclay (President). Porfirio Diaz (President, 6 years). Nicholas I (Prince). Muley Hafid (Sultan). Wilhelmina (Queen). Became President on death of A. M. Penna. *Became President on resignation of Rafael Reyes. June 15, 1888. VALUE OF FOREIGN COINS, JULY 1, 1909. November 23, 1890. November 18, 1905. May 10, 1866. The coins of silver standard countries are valued by their pure silver contents, at the average market price of silver for the three months preceding July 1, 1909. †Under former system-Gold, 4 florins ($1.929), 8 florins ($3.858), ducat ($2.287), ducats ($9.139). Silver: 1 and 2 florins. The sovereign is the standard coin of India, but the rupee ($0.3244) is the money of account, current at 15 to the sovereign. Amoy, .627; Canton, .626; Chefoo, .600; Chin Kiang, .613; Cuchau, .580; Halkwan (customs), .634; Hankow, .587; Kiaochow, .608; Nanking, .621; Niuchwang, .588; Ningpo, .603; Peking, .612; Shanghai, 573; Swatow, .580; Takau, .631; Tien-Tsin, .608 Dollar; British, .413; Mexican, .416. ††Seventy-five centigrams fine gold. †††Value in Mexico, $0.498. President. Jose Miguel Gomez The island of Cuba, for four hundred years a Spanish colony, was relinquished by the Spanish government as a result of the war with the United States, under the Treaty of Paris of December 10, 1898. Thereafter for a time the island was occupied and administered by the United States through a Military Governor. Steps toward the formation of a native government began with the election of municipal officers on June 16, 1900. On September 15, 1900, delegates to a constitutional convention were elected, and on November 5, 1900, the convention began its labors. The work of the convention was completed on October 1, 1901. A general election for Governors of Provinces, Representatives in Congress and Senatorial and Presidential electors was held on December 31, 1901. The Presidential electors met on February 24, 1902, and chose Tomas Estrada Palma to be first President of the Republic of Cuba. Mr. Palma, who was at that time a resident of the United States, proceeded to Cuba in April, and on May 20 was formally Inaugurated as President. The American Congress having failed in 1901-'02 to pass any measure authorizing tariff concession on Cutan products in return for similar concessions offered by Cuba on American Imports, President Roosevelt authorized the negotiation of Reciprocity. a commercial treaty with Cuba, which was signed in Havana on December 11, 1802. At a special session of the Senate, called March 5, 1903, it was considered, and, with amendments, was ratified on March 19. The Cuban government ratified the amended instrument on March 28. (For full text of the convention see under 57th Congress, Treaties with Foreign Countries," Tribune Almanac for 1904.) By its terms the treaty was not to beconie operative until "approved by Congress," and a special session of Congress was called by President Roosevelt to give this approval. The House of Representatives passed on November 19, and the Senate on December 16, 1903, a bill affirming the treaty. President Palma became in 1905 the nominee of the Moderate party for re-election. The Liberals nominated General José M. Gomez, but General Gomez subsequently withdrew, leaving a clear field for President Palma. The Liberal party contended that the election machinery was unfairly used by the Moderates to retain control at Havana, and after Fresident Palma's second inauguration popular discontent began to gather head. The Congress adjourned on June 30, and during July and August a revolutionary movement was started by the Liberal leaders. Small forces of insurgents established themselves in the neighborhood of the larger towns, and the government soon lost all control in the rural districts. Little fighting occurred, but the administration was paralyzed and could not raise sufficient troops to preserve order. On September 14 the Cuban Congress assembled in special session on a call from the President and voted him extraordinary powers, including the right to increase the rural guard to ten thousand and the artillery to two thousand. On the same day President Roosevelt decided to send the Secretary of War, William H. Taft, and the Acting Secretary of State, Robert Bacon, to Cuba to examine the situation and assist in pacification. They negotiated with the government leaders and with the insurgents and prepared a plan for compromise, which was, however, rejected by President Palma, who insisted on resigning and forcing actual intervention on the part of the United States. On September 29 Secretary Taft issued a proclamation declaring himself the Provisional Governor of the island, a post in which he was subsequently reieved by Charles E. Magoon, former Governor of the Panama Canal strip. An army of pacification was ordered to Cuba, and by October the insurgents had disarmed and tranquillity was restored. The American provisional government maintained order throughout the year 1907 and undertook a new census on which to base new popular elections for Congress and a President. The census showed a population of about 2.048.980, 400,000 being foreigners and not entitled to exercise the franchise. On November 14, 1908, an election for President, Vice-President and members of Congress was held. General José Miguel Gomez, Liberal, was chosen President, and Alfredo Zayas, Liberal, Vice President. The Liberals carried both branches of Congress by large majorities. The Conservative candidates for President and Vice-President were General Mario Menocal and Rafael Montoro. The new insular government was installed on January 28, 1909. Commerce between the United States and Cuba has shown a material increase under the operations of the reciprocity treaty. That instrument went into force on December 27, 1903, and therefore all the commercial transactions between the two countries since January 1, 1904, reflect the influence of the treaty and furnish a measure of its effectiveness. The following table gives the exports to the United States and the imports from the United States in the fiscal years from 1895 to 1909: |