Goals/Objectives: The Correctional Drug Testing and Interdiction component of the program is designed to provide specific assistance to state and local correctional agencies in the establishment and implementation of policies and strategies to ensure drug-free institutions.

Background: A substantial increase in the number of offenders being incarcerated for the sale and/or manufacture of drugs has been followed by a corresponding increase in the incidence of drug trafficking within the nation's correctional institutions. A history of involvement with illicit drugs is common among inmates, and those convicted of drug trafficking are sometimes able to continue to sell drugs within the prison environment. The immediate result is the potential for serious disciplinary, custodial and security problems. Furthermore, institutions which cannot maintain a drug-free environment are unable to mount effective intervention programs. A drug-free environment is essential.

The problem is further exacerbated by the potential for staff involvement in this lucrative trade, and in drug abuse. Traditional management strategies have sometimes proven insufficient to combat this problem. In a recent BJA-funded survey the control of drug trafficking in correctional institutions was identified as among the highest training priorities by corrections administrators and other personnel.

Program Description: To promote greater efficiency in delivery of Federal assistance and to utilize expertise for the benefit of the state and local units of government, BJA will collaborate with the National Institute of Corrections (NIC) to provide training and technical assistance to jail and prison administrators required to control drug abuse and trafficking among incarcerated offenders and corrections staff. This effort will: assess the extent and nature of the present problem; identify and document effective policies and strategies; identify and document effective drug testing policies and procedures; and, design and deliver training and technical assistance. Training and technical assistance will be made available to sites selected under the Model Demonstration sites component of this program as well as other potential sites.

Award Period: This program will be for 12 months.

Award Amount: Up to $300,000 will be available for this program.

Due Date: Not applicable.

Contact: The Bureau of Justice Assistance, Corrections Branch, (202) 272-4601.

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4. Model Demonstration Site(s)

Goals/Objectives: The Model Demonstration Site component will provide financial assistance for one or two jurisdictions (including statewide) to demonstrate a comprehensive drug testing system encompassing all stages of the criminal justice process, from pretrial through supervised release.

Background: Drug testing (urinalysis) is a technology which is proving useful in providing courts with some information on and options for intermediate sanctions for drug-using offenders. Testing is being used by 60 or more jurisdictions at the pretrial stage and many more probation offices, but with wide variation in scope of operation. A substantial number of jails also test their pretrial and sentenced inmates. BJĀ has, as already described, been supporting pretrial drug testing demonstrations as well as related work in the areas of jails, offender screening and referral for treatment, and the post-conviction stage. This new program seeks to assess the utility of this tool within the context of a more comprehensive response to offenders and to demonstrate the feasibility of testing systemwide.

Program Description: One or two jurisdictions will be selected competitively to demonstrate a comprehensive management program for drug-using offenders which uses drug testing (urinalysis) as a major tool for identification of drug usage and continuous monitoring of these offenders from the time of initial arraignment until final sanctions are met. This would encompass drug monitoring as a condition of pretrial release, as part of jail-based treatment or monitoring programs, and as a condition of probation and/or parole.

Funding may be used to upgrade or enhance certain components of this comprehensive system and to provide necessary linkages. That is, applicant jurisdictions must agree to have in place operational programs at the pretrial, jail, prison, and probation/parole stages, of which drug testing is a part. Drug testing results should play a significant role in court decisions, as well as in monitoring conditions recommended to the court by agencies having responsibility for supervising the offender.

The core of this demonstration will be the linkage between the use of drug testing at these different stages as part of a supervision program, including the capacity to ensure that appropriate offenders are systematically tested and tracked while going through the criminal justice system and that information resulting from this testing is exchanged or passed on

from one system agency to another for use in decision making. Feedback should be provided to the court and other authorities (e. g., parole board) as appropriate.

The jurisdiction(s) selected for this demonstration will receive technical assistance from the providers selected under the pretrial, probation and parole, and correctional drug testing and interdiction components of this program. Site personnel involved in the demonstration will be given priority for all training programs related to drug testing issues. They may be subject to evaluation efforts conducted by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) or BJA.

Eligibility and Selection Criteria: States and local governments applying for this project must be willing and able to implement an enhanced comprehensive drug testing program that builds new and significantly expanded drug testing procedures into all stages of the criminal justice process. The project will require maximum possible use of drug testing findings in making determinations affecting public saftey and will require tracking offenders throughout the system. Because the project seeks to demonstrate the utility of a unique program that requires comprehensive drug testing of offenders whenever possible, it is envisioned that the state or local governments receiving this award must provide substantially increased resources, expertise and management control. For this reason, awards are envisioned to be made to states with populations under two million and local jurisdictions with populations between 250,000 and 500,000. Applicants should, at a minimum, address the following:

The applicant should address how it would, as a system, utilize any new funding available. As previously noted, such funds might be used to upgrade some individual components within the system or to provide linkages where none exist or where they are not working well. Some funds should be allocated for collection of data which will demonstrate how program funding has lead to improvements in the jurisdiction, including some baseline data. Technical assistance will be provided to the successful applicant(s) prior to or shortly after final award to assure that these data collection systems are adequate for local system needs as well as for any concurrent or later evaluation funded by BJA or NIJ.

A prerequisite for any award will be a memorandum of understanding among all agencies involved in this systematic effort. Such memorandum will set forth the role of each agency in the process and signature by the agency head will assure a firm commitment of that agency to conduct the demonstration as outlined in the application, as amended by negotiations with BJA. For the application, letters of commitment from these key agency heads, including the chief judge (or justice) of the jurisdiction, will be required.

Award Period: All awards will be for 15 months.

Award Amount: Up to $1,000,000 will be available to make awards to one or two jurisdictions.

Due Date: Applications must be postmarked no later than June 18, 1990.

Contact: The Bureau of Justice Assistance, Courts Branch, (202) 272-4601.

Goals/Objectives: This program will provide specific information to local, state and Federal governments on the prevalence and type of drug use among arrestees, at 25 representative sites.

Background: This program provides continued support to efforts by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), to document the prevalence and type of drug use among arrestees in American cities. Although the yearly findings for 1989 are still being compiled and analyzed, the findings for 1988 reveal that the percentage of males testing positive for any drug at the time of arrest ranged form 54 percent (Indianapolis and Kansas City) to 83 percent (New York). In 9 of the 20 cities, 70 percent or more of the males tested positive for at least one drug. The range for female arrestees was from 44 percent (St. Louis) to 81 percent (Detroit). In 8 of the 14 cities that tested female arrestees, more than 70 percent were positive.

The relationship of age to drug use differed little from city to city. In general, more than half of all males tested positive, regardless of age. Drug use was also found in female arrestees of all ages. Drug use was prevalent in male and female arrestees of all races.

This specific information, and the analysis and forecasting which result from it, provides planning and policy guidance for the criminal justice community.

Program Description: To promote greater efficiency in delivery of Federal assistance and to utilize expertise for the benefit of state and local units of government, BJA will collaborate with the National Institute of Justice to support periodic urinalysis of

arrestees, in 25 sites, for the purpose of determining and forecasting the prevalence of drug use and the kinds of drugs being used. This will provide a broader base of information, by which to determine and project the rates and kinds of drug use in the nation as a whole, and by which to identify regional variations. NIJ will test a representative sample of arrestees quarterly and will report on the findings. In addition to the statistical analysis and interviews now being conducted, NIJ will collect data on illegal aliens held in local jails and lockups, to provide better information on the involvement by illegal aliens in the trafficking of drugs, especially in border areas.

Award Period: This program will be for 18 months.

Award Amount: Up to $1,000,000 will be available for this project.

Eligibility and Selection Criteria: Criteria for site selection will be the responsibility of the National Institute of Justice.

Due Date: Not Applicable.

Contact: The National Institute of Justice, (202) 7242942.

Goals/Objectives: The Innovative Neighborhood Oriented Policing Program is designed to develop and demonstrate innovative community policing programs which target demand reduction at the neighborhood level in urban and rural areas. This program involves the "co-production of public safety" through extensive partnership efforts among law enforcement, other local government agencies, businesses, schools, community/social organizations, and citizens.

Background: For several years, law enforcement agencies have been experimenting with alternative approaches to traditional policing methods in order to increase coordination and interaction with the communities they serve. The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) has conducted research and prepared monographs on this subject. Because of the nature and extent of the drug problem, traditional police tactics are limited in their ability to control crime and drugs. Community organization and quality of neighborhoods are crucial determinants of fear and crime levels. Proactive and interactive approaches by communities and law enforcement have thus become essential in order to accomplish both law enforcement and community objectives.

Approaches such as neighborhood oriented policing, community oriented policing, problem oriented policing and the systems approach to community crime and drug prevention, call for police departments to be proactive as well as problem solvers and act as catalysts for developing and sustaining a coordinated network of services for neighborhoods. While they may differ in operational terms, they are similar in orientation, philosophy and objectives, namely to reduce crime and fear of crime and improve the quality of life in communities. In addition, they take into consideration the long term effects of limited financial and manpower resources.

At the same time, many community organizations have taken it upon themselves to develop and encourage better working relationships with law enforcement and the criminal justice system and have increased their organizational capacity to address the root causes of crime and drugs.

Program Description: This program seeks to focus on, and broaden the scope of, neighborhood oriented approaches to fully explore and demonstrate their potential for demand reduction (drug prevention, deterrence and control). It is designed to develop and demonstrate innovative and comprehensive approaches and strategies which fully utilize and integrate public and private resources and develop model programs for demand reduction. With a proactive orientation to policing, law enforcement agencies are in a better position to assist in developing grass roots self-help efforts to address crime and drug problems. The program is based on the premise that crime and drug problems must be addressed by the entire community, not just the police department. Therefore, the program is designed for law enforcement agencies to bring together various representatives from government agencies, schools, community groups, business organizations, churches and others to form cooperative demand reduction plans and strategies.