Name.. EXERCISE 39 Grade.. Use appropriate pronouns in each of the following blank spaces: 5. Each member of the class is required to furnish 6. To him who in the love of nature holds communion with speaks a various language. 7. And Belgium's capital had gathered there 8. The moon threw own book. ...visible forms, beauty and .... soft beams upon the earth. chivalry. 18. You can commit no greater folly than to sit by the roadside until some one comes 25. In case you return the goods you will oblige us by sending the original paper along with LESSON XX CASE Case is that modification of a noun or pronoun that denotes its relation in sense to other words in the sentence. There are three cases: the nominative, the objective, and the possessive. NOMINATIVE DEPENDENT CASE A noun or pronoun used as the subject or complement of a finite verb is in the nominative dependent case; as, "Roosevelt is president." "It is I." "Who was she?" NOMINATIVE INDEPENDENT CASE A noun or pronoun used independently is in the nominative independent case; as, "An American! and disloyal to the human race!" "Gad, a troop shall overcome him." "The Daily News." OBJECTIVE CASE A noun or pronoun used as the object of a transitive verb or of a preposition is in the objective case; as, "DeSoto discovered the Mississippi river.” "Florida was ceded to the United States by Spain." "We saw him give the book to her." "Whom do you see?" POSSESSIVE CASE A noun or pronoun used as a possessive modifier is in the possessive case; as, "A boy's best friend is his mother." "I read Cullum, the senator's, speech." "My country 'tis of thee." "The ship is ours." COMPLEMENT A complement is any word that completes the meaning of an incomplete. verb. A noun, pronoun, or adjective that completes the meaning of a copulative verb is called the predicate complement. A noun or pronoun that completes the meaning of a transitive verb is called the objective complement. A noun or adjective that denotes the result of the verb's action upon the direct object of the verb is called the resultant or factitive complement. Predicate or Attribu tive Complements ILLUSTRATIONS Roosevelt is president (noun). It is I (pronoun). Who is it (interrogative pronoun)? The wind is cold (adjective). Observation. In the sentence, "They made Victoria queen," "Victoria" is not the object of "made," but of the whole verb-notion "made queen" (crowned); or, in other words, "They crowned Victoria." Both "Victoria” and “queen" are in the objective case. INDIRECT OBJECT The verbs "ask," "give," "teach," and a few others, are sometimes followed by two objects; as, "I asked (of) him his name." "I gave (to) him a book." "I teach (to) him shorthand." "Him" in the foregoing sentences is sometimes termed the indirect object, but it is better to parse such words as the object of the preposition understood. SUBJECT OF INFINITIVE The subject of an infinitive is in the objective case when it is not also the subject of the finite verb on which the infinitive depends; as, "She wants to learn." "She wants me to learn." In the first sentence "she" is the subject of both the finite verb "wants" and the infinitive "to learn;" hence it is in the nominative case. In the second sentence "she" is the subject of the finite verb "wants" and is in the nominative case. "Me" is the subject of the infinitive, and is in the objective case. CASE OF COMPLEMENT The complement of a copulative verb is always in the same case as the subject, except when the subject of a copulative participle is possessive; in that case the complement is nominative. Observation. The nominative and the objective case of nouns and of the pronouns "it," "you," "that," "which," and "what," are indicated by their use in the sentence and not by their form, as will be seen by the following declension. DECLENSION Declension is the arrangement of nouns and pronouns to show their various modifications. Most nouns are inflected to show difference of number and case, and those of the third person to show difference of gender. |