EXHIBIT D-STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN LESINSKI, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF MICHIGAN HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Washington, D. C., May 15, 1958. Hon. CHET HOLIFIELD, Chairman, Subcommittee on Military Operations, House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: For a number of years I have been very much concerned over the lack of action on the part of our Government to move on programs for the construction of civil-defense shelters and am glad to note that your committee has taken steps on the situation. We know from the reports that are coming out daily that the United States is in grave danger, perhaps the greatest danger we have ever faced. It is reliably reported that the Soviet Union is ever growing in economic and military strength; and she is also subjecting the free world to the greatest barrage of political propaganda and psychological assaults we have ever seen. We do not know when actual armed attack against our nation might also come; we must therefore be prepared for it. I am cognizant of the fact that the administration has been reluctant to make any move on the programs for construction of civil-defense structures. Perhaps the reluctance, in spite of repeated recommendations, stems from a feeling that such structures might never be used, that they would stand idle for many years, that it would be money down the drain. Taking that into consideration, I have for several months been looking into the question of constructing structures that would serve dual purposes, for civil-defense shelters and for community purposes. With the cooperation of the officials in the city of Detroit, for example, I have been investigating the possibility of constructing a series of underground tunnels which with appropriate modifications could be used as civil-defense shelters and when the need for them no longer existed could be converted for use as sewers. An outline of this plan is attached hereto. If the Federal Government should decide to go ahead with mass shelter programs, the type of project described in the attachment would have many advantages. For one thing, such projects would be adaptable to virtually all target cities in the Nation. It affords flexibility of underground movement under emergency conditions that would not be available in most other types of proposed shelters. Of course, this plan is not offered as an alternate to proposals that shelters may also serve as schools, hospitals, underground parking areas, and recreation areas, but rather as a complement to them. In addition to working on the described plan, I have introduced H. R. 12495 which would make an appropriation of $250 million to be expended by the Administrator of Civil Defense in making financial contributions to States for shelters and other facilities as authorized in the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950. The extreme necessity for the project at this time, not disregarding the employment opportunities it would create, is the fact that these shelters cannot be built overnight. It will take time to complete them and I am fearful that there may not be sufficient time. Neither I nor anyone else is convinced that we will not in the future be attacked. If, as we have been informed, from 50 to 90 percent of enemy bombers penetrate our defenses, there will not be enough time to evacuate our cities and only a very small percentage of the population would escape. These shelters should be considered an integral part of our defense system, for by providing these shelters to protect our people in main industrial areas, our Nation will preserve retaliatory power. I am hopeful that immediate action will be taken to start construction of civildefense shelters and wish to assure you, Mr. Chairman, that knowing of your deep personal interest in the matter, I am every ready to offer my cooperation and assistance in the implementation of this vitally important project. With best wishes, I am, JOHN LESINSKI, Member of Congress. PRELIMINARY PLAN FOR CONVERTING SEWER STRUCTURES INTO PERSONNEL SHELTERS NOTE. This proposal contemplates the immediate construction of certain future sewers called for on our master plan and the temporary use of these structures for personnel shelters. This particular study was concerned specifically with the future First-Hamilton relief sewer. It is considered that the First-Hamilton sewer is typical of many other proposed sewers. The selection of the specific future sewers best adapted to this proposal has been left for later determination. It is estimated that there are about 45 miles of future master-plan sewers that could be considered and used as personnel shelters. Summary Total length of First-Hamilton sewer available for shelter purposes (13 feet 3 inches dia, and over 16 inches monolithic concrete) _feet__ 43, 200 8.2 32 1,706 54, 592 30 14 to 36 $2, 000, 000 $500,000 $2,500,000 The sewer is divided into 1⁄2-mile sections by steel bulkheads; 2 entrance stairways are centered on the 2-mile section. The 2-mile section is divided into two 14-mile sections. Each 4-mile section is served by 1 stairway at the central entrance and is independent from the other section as to all operational equipment and supplies, except for the common first-aid room located near the entrances. The equipment room of each 4-mile section effectively divides the 1,706-person capacity into 2 groups of 853 which can be handled and controlled more easily. ENTRANCES Entrances to the sewer are located every one-half mile along its length. Each entrance consists of 2 stairways, 1 to feed each 4-mile section. The stairways should be located in the parkway adjacent to the curb. These stairwells should be of reinforced concrete construction with the surface opening protected by a concrete slab of the rolling-hatch type and weather covers as used on standard civil defense personnel shelters. The stair tread should be of sufficient width to easily accommodate a double line of people. The stairs should have flights down to approximately the floor level of the sewer. Any difference in elevation can be corrected by slanting the 5 by 8 foot rectangular passageway which extends from the bottom of the stairwell to the sewer. Finally, a steel door should be provided at the sewer end of the passageway. CONTROL AND CHECK-IN STATION This section is provided for several purposes: (1) To act as the general control center for the 1⁄44-mile section. (2) To check in and count persons entering. (3) To route the injured to the adjacent first-aid station. (4) To have telephone communication with all other sections. (5) To act as a public address system center. (6) To prohibit the flow of unauthorized persons to other sections. FIRST-AID SECTION This is the only facility which the 2 adjoining 4-mile sections share in common. Entrance can be made from either 14-mile control station. Working space is provided at each entrance for immediate care. Bunks for 32 persons are located in the central portion of this section, 24 on center stanchions, 8 mounted at the springline. An auxiliary water supply in tanks below the floor should be provided. SLEEPING SECTION There are 2 sleeping sections per one-quarter mile, each having a capacity of 288 people sleeping and 320 people sitting. The bunks are in three tiers and are supported on stanchions along the center of the sewer. All bunks fold up, as do the side benches, to allow more passage room for the initial inflow of people. SITTING SECTION There are 2 sitting sections per one-quarter mile, each having a capacity of 245 persons. The center double bench is stationary and has drawer space under the seats for the storage of small necessities for the occupants. The side benches are of the same type as used in the sleeping section and fold up to allow more room for the initial inflow of people. WASH SECTION There are two wash sections per one-fourth mile. The floor level of this section is 1 foot 9 inches above normal floor level. The fresh water for this section can come either from the fresh-water tank beneath the equipment room floor approximately 30 feet away, or from tanks buried outside the cylinder. It should be noted that any tanks or other equipment outside of the sewer itself would present a difficult maintenance problem over extended periods. The waste water can be stored in tanks below the floor of the wash section or in tanks outside the sewer. Another possibility for the exclusion of waste water is to pump it up to existing sewers in the immediate vicinity. However, the successful operation of this plan rests on the assumption that the existing sewer system will not suffer damage from the blast. CHEMICAL TOILET SECTION There are two toilet sections per one-fourth mile. The floor level of this section is 1 foot 9 inches above normal floor level. Each section has 20 stall type toilets. The tanks below the floor should be of welded construction using copperbearing steel to withstand chemical action. The capacity of the tank is to be 11,000 gallons or approximately 13 gallons per person. The filling of this tank is to be done through 6-inch-diameter inlet pipes from the surface. The same pipes can be used for pumping out the tank after use. Hatches are provided in the top of the tank for the addition of caustic soda which disinfects, liquefies and, to some extent, deodorizes the solids. For ideal operation, agitators should be provided in the tank to produce the proper chemical action. MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT AND STORAGE SECTION There is one mechanical equipment and storage section per one-fourth mile. The central 300 feet of the one-fourth is allotted for this section. Some of the equipment to be provided should include the following: (1) Riser shafts to surface for air inlet and exhaust. (2) Inlet fan and motors. (3) Exhaust fan and motors. (4) Air filters and decontamination equipment. (5) Electric generators (diesel powered). (6) Diesel oil storage outside sewer with surface fill and vent pipes. (7) Fresh-water supply (2 tanks below floor, 11,000 gallons each). (8) Pumps for fresh-water supply to taps. (9) Heating equipment for winter operation. (10) Food-storage space. (11) Food preparation and distribution space (1 per %-mile section). (12) General maintenance space. (13) Sleeping space for operations crew. In placement of equipment, sufficient space should be left to allow a double line of people to pass through with reasonable speed and safety. CONDUITS Throughout the entire length of the sewer, conduit space should be provided for the following: (1) Air-inlet and exhaust. (2) Electrical-light and power, telephone, public address system. SUMP ROOM There is 1 sump room for each 2-mile section, and is located at the low end of the 2-mile section at the steel bulkhead. This room is provided to take care of any seepage which may occur. The seepage flows along the invert for the 2-mile length and is collected in the 1- by 1- by 8-foot sump which has a capacity of 60 gallons. STEEL BULKHEADS The steel bulkheads seal off each 2-mile section from the adjacent sections and should be designed to protect the section from any fire, explosion, or other disaster occurring in the neighboring section. A steel access door, sliding or hinged, should be used only under extreme emergency conditions. At all other times, the door should be shut and dogged. FLOOR SYSTEM The general floor system in the sewer should be of the precast concrete slab type, laid between supports which rest on the bottom of the cylinder. The mechanical equipment section requires a precast floor or concrete mounting bases to provide adequate support for the equipment. Partitions shown should be of cinder-block construction or equal. ESCAPE HATCHES In the event of the stairway exits being blocked, manholes which are normally used on sewers can be used as escape hatches. Circular steel doors should be installed at the opening of the manhole into the sewer and 51⁄2 feet of compacted sand and gravel backfill placed on top for contamination protection. If hatch is used, the backfill can be removed through the small slot by hand. ALTERNATE PLAN RAILWAY An alternate plan for the use of the First-Hamilton sewer in time of emergency is to provide a narrow-gage railway using battery-powered locomotives which could transport persons from points along the length of the sewer to the Seven Mile Road exit or more distant points out of the danger zone. Using this plan, sewers of diameters down to 10 feet could be used for 2-way operation and sewers with diameters down to 8 feet could be used for 1-way operation. Note that a breakdown in transporting equipment could possibly slow or completely block all passage within the sewer. This railway plan could be combined with the shelter plan by using one end of the sewer for temporary quarters and the other end for railway transport of personnel. Another possible combination of the two plans could be made by keeping all bunks and benches folded up to allow clearance for track and transporting equipment until all occupants are distributed among the sections by the transport system. EXHIBIT E-STATEMENT OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Hon. CHET HOLIFIELD, Chicago, Ill., May 13, 1958. Chairman, Military Operations Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. DEAR MR. HOLIFIELD: The American Medical Association is advised that the President's Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1958, providing new assignments for the conduct of Federal defense mobilization and civil defense functions, is currently being considered by the Military Operations Subcommittee. As the association understands the proposed plan, its purpose is to enhance and make more effective the role of the Federal Government in nonmilitary defense programs. Under the plan, the broad program responsibilities for coordinating and conducting the interrelated defense mobilization and civil defense functions would be vested in the President for appropriate delegation. The Office of Defense Mobilization and the Federal Civil Defense Administration would be consolidated in a new agency which would be known as the Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization. The basic concept of national mobilization is accepted as the "will of the people to resist." This concept depends on the sustained physical and mental |