average home. If properly constructed, stocked and equipped, an improvised shelter such as this offers its occupants a good chance of survival without undue hazard where the intensity of fallout is not of a high order.

You will note the floor above the shelter has earth piled on a tarpaulin. We do not advocate that people place this earth cover in a room of their house during peacetime, but it is a measure that could be taken quickly should there be a strategic warning or the world situation become very grave.

The shoring of the floor above, and the provision of shielding with boxes and bags of earth or sand can be accomplished in advance of the actual need for the shelter.

SLIDE NO. 46.-Temporary basement fallout shelter.

Slide No. 46: This slide depicts a temporary basement fallout shelter which consists of a small room built in a corner over and around which are placed bags or boxes of earth or sand. Since the construction is entirely within the basement area, a shelter of this type could be completed at any time and provide instant readiness in event of an attack. The degree of protection offered is about the same as that offered by the improvised shelter shown on the previous slide.

Slide No. 47: The next slide shows a permanent type of basement family fallout shelter. It is more practicable to build this type of shelter at the time of constructing a new home, although it can be done in existing homes in many cases.

You will note that this shelter is constructed of reinforced concrete, although brick or masonry can be used for the walls in a like manner. The principal difficulty in building this structure in an existing dwelling is in placing the heavy concrete roof slab and providing support for the weight of the structure, which may require footings or strengthening of the basement floor. Such a shelter as this in the basement of a home will provide a family with reasonably adequate fallout protection, except in areas of extremely high radiation intensity of which will, of course, be a minor percentage of the total area of the country affected by fallout.

SLIDE No. 47.-Permanent basement family fallout shelter (4 to 6 persons).

Slide No. 48: This next shelter represents a simple, permanent type of outside underground fallout shelter. When properly stocked and equipped, a shelter of this type will offer its occupants a good chance of survival without undue hazard even in areas of heavy fallout.

SLIDE NO. 48.-Permanent type of outside family underground fallout shelter

(4 to 6 persons).

Where it is impracticable to excavate deep enough to place this shelter entirely underground, it may be constructed partially or wholly above ground and mounded over with earth. Since this shelter is completely scaled, it is provided with intake and exhaust ventilation stacks and a hand-operated blower to provide adequate air for the occupants. At a small additional cost the blower may be a combination electric and manual drive so that hand cranking will be unnecessary as long as power remains on. These blowers are standard products available on the market today.

Slide No. 49: This next slide shows a basic family shelter of the type shown on the previous slide incorporated into a garden house, should the homeowner wish to incorporate his shelter into a dual-purpose structure. It offers the same level of protection from fallout as the basic underground fallout shelter.

SLIDE NO. 49.-Family fallout shelter incorporated into garden house.

SLIDE No. 50.-Family fallout shelter incorporated into garage.

Slide No. 50: Here again is another dual-purpose combination, that of a shelter combined with a garage. The shelter portion of the structure is essentially the same basic fallout shelter which offers the same level of protection.

Slide No. 51: The next slide shows a group fallout shelter which would accommodate about 240 persons. It is a corrugated metal arch type structure, on a concrete base slab, installed underground with 3 feet of earth cover. It is completely equipped with ventilating, water supply, sanitary, and electrical systems.

We envision this type of shelter as one which could be quickly constructed in the yard of an elementary school and connected to the school by an underground passageway. The entry may be either from the basement of the school or from the first floor, should it not have