Mr. HOLIFIELD. The tall towers were blown down? Mr. SAUNDERS. Yes, and some of the towers were located as much as 200 and 300 feet away. Mr. HOLIFIELD. What pressure did you have there? Mr. SAUNDERS. The actual pressure was somewhat less than anticipated. It was about 120 pounds per square inch rather than 132. Slide No. 41 is a typical West German rectangular shelter under con SLIDE NO. 41.-Typical West German shelter under construction. struction. Instead of receiving 265 pounds per square inch at the shelter closest to ground zero, a peak pressure of approximately 190 pounds per square inch was received. The damage to the close-in German structures was mainly limited to heavy cracking in the entrance as shown in slide No. 42. Minor cracking was noted inside several of the SLIDE NO. 42.-Damage to close-in German structure. shelters at the highest overpressure ranges. FCDA will make as much information available to the French and West German Governments as is consistent with our national security and will use any of their techniques worthy of adoption. In addition to the programs conducted directly by FCDA, we jointly financed the following programs to obtain information required to further establish civil defense criteria: 1. Missile dust and blast biology studies by the Lovelace Research Foundation which were described yesterday by Dr. White. 2. Decontamination of water supplies by the Corps of Engineers. 3. Decontamination of foods and packaging by the Food and Drug Administration. 4. Aerial radiological monitoring studies by the University of California of Los Angeles and the New York Operations Office of the Atomic Energy Commission. 5. Basic weapons effects by Edgerton, Germeshausen & Grier. In the past FCDA has not tested shelters specifically designed to provide only fallout protection. By instrumenting existing structures and by making basic depth dose measurements, sufficient data were obtained to develop fallout (sheter design) criteria. However, with the increased emphasis now being placed on fallout shelter features, it is planned to stress this area in future tests. In conclusion, considerable progress has been made in the FCDA testing program which has greatly influenced overall civil-defense planning. We have kept pace with the development of weapons. Slide No. 43: Initially, we tested simple structures designed to give protection from the blast and radiation of a small nominal yield weapon of that time. In Operation Plumbbob, our testing program was large and complex and included testing of shelters capable of providing a high degree of protection from long-duration blast waves, high levels of initial radiation, and the heavy concentration of fallout created by the megaton-type weapons. FCDA participation in test operations has resulted in a large number of experienced staff, in addition to Federal, State, and local offi cials, and industrial engineers who have gained a personal knowledge of weapons effects. Technical reports resulting from the FCDA sponsored programs have made a major contribution to the knowledge of weapons effects. Our reports have been issued to technical personnel of Federal, State, and local organizations, and many of our reports have been paraphrased for the public education program. These tests are of the highest significance in providing a sound basis for civil defense planning and programs. Our operational procedures are based on firsthand knowledge of effects of nuclear weapons and the effectiveness of our recommended shelter designs have been demonstrated. Advances are continuously being made in the development of nuclear weapons. FCDA must continue to be knowledgeable of the effects of these new weapons and gear our planning and testing program to them. Only by testing can we derive the most efficient and economical shelter designs and be assured of effective protection. This concludes my formal presentation, sir. Mr. HOLIFIELD. Thank you, sir. I noticed you did not give us the pictures of the quonset-type hut test which was made out there last fall. Mr. SAUNDERS. FCDA did not sponsor any of the quonset-type tests, sir. Mr. HOLIFIELD. Those were the AEC. |