start General and special funds: ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION Program and Financing (in thousands of dollars)—Continued OPERATING EXPENSES For necessary operating expenses of the Commission in carrying out the purposes of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, including the employment of aliens; services authorized by section 15 of the Act of August 2, 1946 (5 U.S.C. 55a); [purchase of equipment; purchase, hire, maintenance [,] and operation of aircraft; publication and dissemination of atomic information; purchase, repair, and cleaning of uniforms; official entertainment expenses (not to exceed $30,000); reimbursement of the General Services Administration for security guard services; [purchase (not to exceed seven hundred and forty, of which four hundred and ten are for replacement only) and] hire of passenger motor vehicles; [$2,872,224,000] $2,472,800,000, and any moneys (except sums received from disposal of property under the Atomic Energy Community Act of 1955 (42 U.S.C. 2301)) received by the Commission, notwithstanding the provisions of section 3617 of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 484), to remain available until expended: Provided, That of such amount $100,000 may be expended for objects of a confidential nature and in any such case the certificate of the Commission as to the amount of the expenditure and that it is deemed inadvisable to specify the nature thereof shall be deemed a sufficient voucher for the sum therein expressed to have been expended: Provided further, That from this appropriation transfers of sums may be made to other agencies of the Government for the performance of the work for which this appropriation is made, and in such cases the sums so transferred may be merged with the appropriation to which transferred: Provided further, That no part of this appropriation shall be used in connection with the payment of a fixed fee to any contractor or firm of contractors engaged under a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee contract or contracts at any installation of the Commission, where that fee for community management is at a rate in excess of $90,000 per annum, or for the operation of a transportation system where that fee is at a rate in excess of $45,000 per annum. (42 U.S.C. 2011, 2291; Public Works Appropriation Act, 1963.) Note.-Excludes $166,609 thousand for activities transferred in the estimates to "Plant and capital equipment." The amounts obligated in 1962 and 1963 are shown in the schedule as comparative transfers. Program and Financing (in thousands of dollars) 537,198 494,115 344,671 5,151 6,443 8,865 9,250 9,260 15,600 8,428 9,035 10,081 59,298 65,004 73,415 7.748 8,085 8,000 2.419,813 2,568,295 2.479.918 -52,016 157,429 36,040 2,367,797 2,725,724 2,515,958 154,265 179,309 Unobligated balance brought forward (-)-154,082 Advances and reimbursements from nonFederal sources (revenues applied) (see narrative statement) (~). Unobligated balance carried forward.. New obligational authority. -17,698 -13,658 -33,700 -29,000-29,500 20, 257 18,867 Total selected resources___. 844,925 792, 909 950, 338 986, 378 The Commission procures raw materials; manufactures special nuclear materials and atomic weapons; develops improved weapons; conducts research and development aimed at generation of atomic power and protection of health against possible hazards arising from atomic energy operations; conducts investigations in the physical and life sciences related to atomic energy, including investigation of controlled thermonuclear reactions; conducts research and development in civilian applications of isotopes and nuclear explosives; establishes and enforces regulations for civilian uses of atomic energy; promotes industrial participation in atomic energy dedevelopment for peaceful purposes; encourages scientific and industrial progress through the dissemination of atomic energy information; and participates in programs of international cooperation in peaceful applications of atomic energy. The program is administered through field offices. Most of the Commission's activities are carried on in Government-owned facilities by industrial concerns and educational institutions operating under contracts. Coordination with the armed services is achieved through the Military Liaison Committee of the Department of Defense. Total program costs in 1964 are estimated at $2,479.9 million or $88.4 million less than the estimated 1963 costs of $2,568.3 million, and $60.1 million greater than actual costs of $2,419.8 million for 1962. In 1964, increases are provided for: development of reactors and the civilian application of nuclear explosives, the use of isotopes, research in the physical and biomedical sciences, and for broadening the base of nuclear technology. These increases are more than offset by a reduction in costs for the procurement of uranium concentrates due to the scheduled decline in procurement and anticipated deferrals in domestic procurement deliveries of 2,500 tons until 1967 and 1968. In 1964, as in 1963, total program obligations will exceed program costs, the difference being obligations incurred for costs which will not materialize until future years. Total program obligations for operating expenses 650100-63- 44 General and special funds-Continued 1961 actual 1962 estimate 1963 estimate OPERATING EXPENSES-Continued in 1964 are estimated to be $2,516 million compared to $2,725.7 million in 1963 and $2,367.8 million in 1962. Costs by program set forth in the program and financing schedule do not include costs of capital equipment previously budgeted in 1962 and 1963 under this appropriation. Amounts for such capital equipment are being budgeted in 1964 under the appropriation Plant and capital equipment and the comparable amounts for 1962 and 1963 are shown under that appropriation. 1962 and 1963 costs for such capital equipment are $140.3 million and $158.2 million, respectively. The schedule of costs by activity does not include depreciation charges for the years covered by the budget; in total these are as follows: 1962, $289 million; 1963 estimate, $299 million; 1964 estimate, $315 million. 1. Raw materials.-Uranium concentrates are procured for processing in the production facilities of the Commission. An estimated 19,985 tons of concentrates, of which 13,875 tons will come from domestic sources, will be obtained in 1964. This is a decrease of 8,015 tons from the 28,000 tons estimated to be procured in 1963, in accordance with existing contractual commitments and the anticipated stretch-out of deliveries from domestic sources currently being negotiated. Procurement in 1962 was 29,362 tons. 2. Special nuclear materials.-Uranium concentrates are processed into feed materials from which plutonium is produced in the reactors at Hanford, Wash., and Savannah River, S.C., and the isotope uranium 235 is extracted in plants at Oak Ridge, Tenn., Paducah, Ky., and Portsmouth, Ohio. Production of special nuclear materials will be at rates required to meet weapons production schedules and nonweapons requirements. Work will continue on process improvements to assure continuity and safety of operation and more economical methods of production. 3. Weapons. The program encompasses the production of weapons; the maintenance of stockpiled weapons in a state of constant readiness; the design, development and test of new weapon types; and participation with the Department of Defense in the development of test detection methods. 4. Reactor development. This program includes primarily the development of (a) civilian power reactors leading to reliable and economic power, including general reactor work on fuel element development and related technology, (b) power and propulsion reactors for a variety of military and space applications, (c) commercial ship reactors, (d) advanced reactor systems, and (e) a program of nuclear safety. The costs by major category are (in thousands of dollars): Category: 1962 actual 1963 estimate 1964 estimate 1. Civilian power reactors.. 2. Power demonstration reactor program.. 78,406 3. Cooperative program with Euratom_ 7,000 4. Merchant ship reactors.. 5,500 5. Army power reactors.. 12,510 6. Naval propulsion reactors.. 83,536 95,965 96,990 7. Rocket propulsion reactors (Project Rover). 8. Missile propulsion reactors (Project Pluto) 9. Satellite and small power sources (Project SNAP) 10. General reactor technology.. 54,571 55,476 57,800 11. Advanced systems research and de velopment.......... Category-Continued Total reactor development................ 396,683 469,282 527,348 The Commission's civilian power reactor program establishes a foundation of technical knowledge through a program of research and development on promising reactor concepts; design, fabrication, and operation of power reactor experiments; the development of experimental reactors; and development of conceptual designs for prototype powerplants. Costs of $15 million will be incurred for the power demonstration reactor program assistance whereby the Commission provides financial aid in development of full-scale power reactors built by private utilities and for public power bodies. This aid provides a basis for a privately financed nuclear power industry. The Euratom program provides for research and development under a joint program with the European Atomic Energy Community, for which $15 million has been appropriated through 1963. Authorization for an appropriation of an additional $7.5 million is being requested in 1964. The Commission's program in cooperation with the Maritime Administration comprises continuation of experimental operation and improvement of the powerplant of the N.S. Savannah in 1964. Efforts will be continued to develop reactors to meet requirements of Department of Defense, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other Government agencies. These include propulsion reactors for submarines, surface combatant ships, space rockets (Project Rover), transportable power reactors for the generation of electric power and heat at remote military installations, and small power sources for satellites and other special purpose applications (Project SNAP.) Work to develop a full scale experimental reactor for possible application to ramjet propulsion will be completed during 1964. The principal increases are for Project Rover and Project SNAP. In Project Rover, the NERVA program to develop a nuclear rocket engine will be increased, and work will begin on the development of larger rocket engines. In Project SNAP, the program to develop a high satellites, reconnaissance systems, and space probes will power system for application to large communication be continued. This program will use basically the technology to be developed from the high-temperature lithiumcooled reactor experiment. In addition the power reactor systems program will increase to permit development of flight units to meet other agency requirements. In the development of Army Power Reactors, effort will be increased on the development of a new military compact have general application. The increase includes provision for the testing of simulated SNAP devices and purchase of flight vehicles required for aerospace safety environmental research and development. The Commission also operates the National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho, including two test reactors which provide irradiation services for the Commission's programs. The cost categories in the table above may be recapitulated to indicate approximately the relative efforts placed on central station civilian atomic power applications, outer space applications, military program applications, and all other applications. This comparison is as follows (in thousands of dollars): Development and support related primarily to civilian nuclear power... Development and support related primarily to outer space... 1962 actual 1963 estimate 1964 estimate 158,277 162, 135 Development and support related primarily 178,155 213,680 118,500 17,013 396,683 469,282 527,348 5. Physical research. This program is directed toward basic and applied research relevant to the Commission's responsibilities for the development, use, and control of nuclear energy. Within this framework investigations are undertaken in the fields of physics, chemistry, metallurgy and materials, and controlled thermonuclear research. By major category, the costs are (in thousands of dollars): Research in high energy physics continues to expand as new accelerators, on which construction was initiated in prior years, phase into full operation. The increase in low energy physics is primarily due to the operation of research tools acquired in prior years. Increased work in mathematic and computer-related techniques will cause a rise in other physics and mathematics research. Chemistry and metallurgical research, aimed at advancing basic knowledge in these fields of science and developing such knowledge for practical operations of the atomic energy program, increase primarily to include operation of large new research tools. Controlled thermonuclear research, directed toward ultimate production of power from the controlled fusion of heavy hydrogen nuclei, continues at slightly less than the 1963 level. Basic nuclear engineering is intended to fill an existing gap between basic scientific research and classical engineering. The work will be done largely in areas which are traditionally treated as engineering problems. Approximately 75% of the physical research program is conducted at 14 laboratories and installations owned by or operated for the Commission, and the remainder, comprising approximately 570 research projects, is supported in more than 150 universities, colleges, institutes, and independent laboratories. 6. Biology and medicine.-Research is conducted on the effects of radiation on living things. It includes investigations of the biological effects of radioactivity in the body and the development of methods for minimizing exposure to radioactive materials of all kinds and for minimizing and protecting against the injurious effects of radiation. Support is given to the development of methods of utilizing radioactive materials for human welfare and for the diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of human diseases, such as cancer. Evaluation of the significance of human exposure to radioactivity from all sources is given special emphasis. Studies being carried out include the measurement of radioactive byproducts (including fallout), their concentrations, redistribution, and mechanisms of translocation in the atmosphere, soils, fresh waters, oceans, and biosphere proper. Research provides the basis for establishment of standards to insure that the Commission's activities are conducted with safety. The major portion of the research is carried on at 17 laboratories which are owned by or operated for the Commission, and the remainder, comprising approximately 620 research projects, is supported in more than 250 universities, colleges, hospitals, and independent laboratories. The program includes the operation of several facilities in the United States devoted to cancer research and, through the National Academy of Sciences, in Japan for the determination of long-term effects of atomic bomb radiation on the affected population. 7. Training, education, and information. This activity includes operation of special schools; conduct of specialized courses; granting of graduate and post doctoral fellowships; assistance to colleges and universities; and dissemination of technical information, including participation in international conferences and exhibits on nuclear science and technology. Two schools will be operated in 1964: The International Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering at the Argonne National Laboratory and the Puerto Rico Nuclear Training Center. Specialized courses are conducted at the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies. Specialized courses including reactor hazards and supervision instruction will be offered at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Tuition charges depend on the type of training provided. Under the fellowship program in 1964, approximately 174 college graduates, compared to 181 in 1963 and 154 in 1962, will receive fellowships for graduate studies in nuclear science and engineering. In 1964, 120 fellowships will be offered in the fields of radiological physics, industrial hygiene and industrial medicine, which compares to 97 fellowships in these fields in 1963 and 101 in 1962. Assistance to schools to provide for educational programs in nuclear science and engineering will be continued. Grants are made to universities to help them acquire nuclear training equipment, teaching aids, demonstration apparatus, and special laboratory equipment. University summer and academic year courses in radiobiology are made available to high school and university science teachers. Special training in the nuclear aspects of the engineering, life, and physical sciences for university faculty members is provided. In order to assist the States in the implementation of Public Law 86-373, which authorizes the Commission to transfer certain regulatory functions to the States and also authorizes related training activities, training courses and on the job orientation at headquarters have been established in radiation safety, radiological health protection, waste disposal, etc., for State and local General and special funds-Continued OPERATING EXPENSES-Continued government employees. No tuition charges are made for these courses. To broaden the dissemination of information on matters relating to atomic energy, the Commission operates the Technical Information Services, maintains libraries, performs translation services, and operates traveling atomic energy exhibits. The Commission arranges for nuclear exhibits at selected foreign conferences and exhibitions in order to demonstrate U.S. technology. The program includes funds for the Commission's participation in the third international (Geneva) conference on peaceful uses of atomic energy scheduled in 1964. 8. Civilian applications of isotopes and nuclear explosives Isotopes.-This program is designed to extend the development of new technology necessary for widespread use of radioisotopes and high level radiation. Emphasis is given to development of large scale economic uses of fission product wastes arising from nuclear reactor operation. Effort is also directed to development of nuclear technology for solution of major national problems in meteorology, seismology, control of environmental pollution, and water resources development. A growing element of this program is the use of radiation for food "pasteurization." Another increasingly important area is the development of isotopic power and heat sources for space and terrestrial needs. Nuclear explosives. This program (Plowshare) provides for the investigation and development of peaceful uses for nuclear explosives. Emphasis will be placed on the development of a nuclear excavation technology, including tests in large-scale earth moving. In addition, a test will be conducted to explore the scientific potential of underground explosions. 9. Communities.-Although legislation has been enacted to terminate Government ownership of the town of Los Alamos, N. Mex., over a period of the next few years, the program estimate of $10.1 million includes $7.3 million for operation of the town because the Atomic Energy Commission will continue to operate the community through 1964. The remaining $2.8 million is for assistance payments to the former Atomic Energy Commission communities of Oak Ridge, Tenn., and Richland, Wash., in accordance with the Atomic Energy Community Act of 1955. Operating revenues at Los Alamos (budgeted under revenues applied) are estimated at $5.8 million. 10. Program direction and administration.-This program includes the salaries and other costs for employees of the Federal Government engaged in executive direction, general management, and technical supervision of the atomic energy program; the negotiation and administration of contracts; establishment and enforcement of regulations for civilian uses of atomic energy; and other related administrative activities. Employees under this program are located in the Washington headquarters and in field offices. The 1964 increase of $8.4 million is related principally to costs resulting from the provisions of the Postal Service and Federal Employees Salary Act of 1963, Public Law 87-793, and to increase in staff provided for in 1964. Advances and reimbursements from non-Federal sources (revenues applied). This item, shown as a source of financing on the program and financing schedule, reduces appropriation requirements and is obtained from services performed; the sale and lease of products, including sale and lease of nuclear materials produced as a part of the Commission's own basic program; the operation of Atomic Energy Commission-owned communities and housing; the sale of special reactor materials; and products and services for which costs are incurred only upon the request of others and are included under Cost of work for others. The items included are (in thousands of dollars): Total related revenue. material-costs for which will be in 11. Security investigations.-The Atomic Energy Act of Income from recovery of irradiated SS 1954 requires background investigations of those persons proposed for access to restricted data of the atomic energy program. The number of full background investigations to be requested in 1964 is estimated at 20,250 compared with 21,500 for 1963 and 21,871 for 1962. 12. Cost of work for others.-In furthering the objectives of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 concerning utilization Subtotal Total, advances and reimburse- 8,109 7,400 7,369 1,685 1.550 1,391 9,794 8,950 8,760 of capital equipment and other expenses incidental thereto necessary in carrying out the purposes of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion; purchase (not to exceed four hundred and twentythree for replacement only, including two at not to exceed $3,000 each) and hire of passenger motor vehicles; [$262,745,000 $420,200,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That [not to exceed $4,500,000 of this appropriation for carrying out improvements on U.S. Highway 95, Nevada, as authorized in the Commission's 1963 authorization Act, may be transferred to the Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Commerce.] the obligated balance as of June 30, 1963, of amounts included in appropriations to the Atomic Energy Commission for "Operating expenses", for capital equipment not related to construction, shall be merged with this appropriation: Provided further, That the unexpended balance as of June 30, 1963, of the appropriation "Plant acquisition and construction" shall be merged with this appropriation: Provided further, That not to exceed $35,000,000 for a spectral shift power reactor may be transferred from this appropriation to the appropriation for "Operating expenses", if the Commission determines such transfer to be necessary to carry out such cooperative power reactor demonstration program as may be authorized by law. (42 U.S.C. 2017; 76 Stat. 599; Public Works Appropriation Act, 1963; additional authorizing legislation to be proposed.) Note. Includes $166,609 thousand for activities previously carried under "Oper. ating expenses." The amounts obligated in 1962 and 1963 are shown on the sched ule as comparative transfers. 409 210 4 212 Other personnel compensation.. 1 Average number of all employees. 6,794 Number of employees at end of year. 6,863 7.659 111 6,987 7,152 7,720 125 7,265 7,330 Average grade, grades established by the Atomic Energy Commission.... Average salary, grades established by the Atomic Energy Commission.. $8,089 9.3 $8,811 $8.993 New obligational authority (appropriation). 195,360 262,745 420,200 1 Includes capital equipment as follows: 1962, $154,265 thousand; 1963, $179,309 thousand; 1964, $166,609 thousand. This appropriation provides for the construction of plants and facilities and for the acquisition of capital equipment, all required for the production, research and development, and supporting programs of the Atomic Energy Commission. Of the new obligational authority of $420.2 million being requested for 1964, $45.3 million is applicable to construction projects previously authorized by the Congress; $208.3 million applies to construction $6.215 projects for which new authorization will be required in 1964; and the balance of $166.6 million is required for the acquisition of capital equipment not related to construction projects. The provision for capital equipment in this appropriation, beginning with 1964, is in accordance with the intention expressed by the Appropriations Committee of the House to consider amounts for this purpose as part of the capital appropriation. Amounts appropriated for equipment for 1962 and 1963 are shown under For expenses of the Commission, as authorized by law, in connection with the purchase and construction of plant and the acquisition |