The Geological Survey provides basic scientific data concerning the water, land, and mineral resources of or pertinent to the Nation, supervises the development and production of minerals and mineral fuels on leased Federal and Indian lands, and enforces the provisions of the Connally Hot Oil Act. 1. Topographic surveys and mapping.-Topographic maps portray the elevation, shape, and position of the natural and manmade features of the earth's surface; provide information for (a) mineral, water, and other natural resources investigations, (b) engineering and industrial development, and (c) military and civil defense. This program will provide topographic maps for those areas where investigations and developments are most imminent, and areas to which Federal agencies, as well as State and local agencies, have assigned a high priority. In 1964, standard quadrangle maps for an estimated 110,000 square miles of previously unsurveyed or inadequately surveyed areas in the United States will be prepared which, added to areas surveyed in previous years, will result in a total of over 2,300,000 square miles completed. An estimated 15,000 square miles of mapping will be revised. In addition, about 290 special maps will be published which show previously mapped areas in a different format or at a smaller scale. 2. Geologic and mineral resource surveys and mapping.Geologic research in the field and laboratory is conducted in three main areas or subactivities: (a) economic geology, consisting of investigations of resources of minerals and fuels, research on new or improved techniques and instruments for mineral exploration, and study of natural materials and geologic processes that affect the design and facilitate the construction of a wide variety of engineering structures; (b) regional geology, consisting primarily of areal geologic and geophysical studies, including the preparation of geologic and geophysical maps that show the distribution, age, composition, structure, and physical properties of the rocks at and beneath the surface of the ground; and (c) experimental geology, involving research on the chemistry and physics of the earth and the geologic processes by which it was formed and is being continually modified. The diverse studies underway and planned in each of these subactivities provide knowledge essential for the intelligent exploration, development, and use of the Nation's mineral and fuel resources, as well as a better understanding of the influence that natural environment may have on public health, safety, and multiple land-use activities. 3. Marine geology and hydrology.-This formal program was begun in 1963 as part of the national oceanographic program developed by the Interagency Committee on Oceanography and endorsed by the Federal Council for Science and Technology. Examples of major fields of study to receive early emphasis in this program include: (a) geological and geophysical mapping and investigation of the Nation's continental shelves-regions little known geologically, yet of potential major importance as sources of minerals and fuels; (b) research on marine geologic processes, techniques, and instruments; (c) research on the hydrology of river mouths, estuaries, and lagoons; and (d) research on marine hydrologic processes. 4. Water resources investigations. This program includes determinations of the flow, stage, and sediment discharge of rivers; locations and safe yields of underground waters; the chemical quality and temperature of waters; and the availability of water supplies as related to present and future demands. Research is conducted to increase the fund of knowledge concerning the occurrence of water, its movement, and its interaction with the environment. Investigations are planned specifically to obtain water information needed to solve major water problems relating to distribution, supply, chemical quality and sediment load, pollution, floods, and variability. New work proposed for 1964 will include increased research in scientific hydrology, an expansion of the network of hydrologic data-collection stations, analyses of hydrologic systems to provide a basis for predicting the hydrologic effects of changes imposed by nature and man's activities, extension of coverage of areal ground-water studies, installation of 500 digital-punch water-level recording gages, and an expansion of employee education and training in hydrology. The research effort will increase the fund of basic knowledge in the field of hydrology and broaden understanding about water as it occurs in and on the earth. The proposed program consists of research in fundamental hydrology, research of a clinical nature addressed to the understanding of the scientific aspects of particular water problems or particular types of environments, and research aimed at presenting scientific information in terms most useful in water management. 5. Soil and moisture conservation.-This program provides land management agencies of the Department with basic hydrologic and geologic data needed for maintaining and improving the productive value of public lands. 6. Conservation of lands and minerals.-Prospecting, development, and production of minerals and mineral fuels on leased Federal, Indian, and Outer Continental Shelf lands are regulated. Federally owned and controlled lands are classified as to their mineral and water power values. The Federal Petroleum Board conducts investigations in support of State conservation laws to prevent the interstate shipment of contraband oil. In the current year approximately 200,000 leased properties, oil wells, and mines in 40 States are supervised and about 1,375 square miles of geologic mapping in aid of mineral classification will be completed. The leases are expected to produce oil, gas, and other minerals, valued at $1.32 billion, and render royalty returns of about $170 million. The States which produce the minerals receive 37%2% of the royalties; the Reclamation fund, 52%%; and 10% is retained in the U.S. Treasury. In 1964 it is anticipated that the workload will aggregate 220,000 leases, wells, and mines, and about 3,000 square miles of geologic mapping for classification will be completed. The production and royalty values are expected to reach $1.44 billion and $185 million, respectively. The classification functions provide the foundation for the system of public-land administration prescribed by mineral leasing and land disposal laws. Owing to the unprecedented rate of development of the Nation's oil and gas and other mineral resources, increased demands are being made upon the Survey for mineral classification services and for the accelerated classification and restoration of lands previously withdrawn. In 1964 it is expected that some 110,000 technical classification reports will be completed. 8. Special-purpose buildings.-The 1964 program provides for (a) construction of the Nuclear Research Laboratory at the Denver field center for which design funds were appropriated in 1963, (b) design and construction of a rock magnetics laboratory near the Menlo Park field center and (c) the design of special facilities at the Denver and Menlo Park field centers. Reimbursable obligations.-Reimbursements from nonFederal sources are from States and municipalities for making cooperative topographic and geologic surveys and water resources investigations (44 Stat. 963), proceeds SURVEYS, INVESTIGATIONS, AND RESEARCH- -continued from sale to the public of copies of photographs and records (43 U.S.C. 45), proceeds from sale of personal property (40 U.S.C. 481(c)), reimbursements from permittees and licensees of the Federal Power Commission (16 U.S.C. 797), and reimbursements from international organizations for technical assistance (22 U.S.C. 2357). Reimbursements from other Federal agencies (31 U.S.C. 686) are for special purpose mapping and investigations performed at the request of the financing agency, much of which contributes to the basic objectives of the Geological Survey. Reimbursable obligations-Continued Total obligations............... The unobligated balance of $400 thousand cash is carried forward each year to pay the expenses of reimbursable work pending collection from cooperating agencies. Obligations are distributed as follows: This advance is not available for obligation. Geological Survey. Object Classification (in thousands of dollars) ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS The amount appropriated for the Geological Survey shall be available for purchase of not to exceed [forty-nine] sixty-eight passenger motor vehicles, for replacement only; [purchase of not to exceed one aircraft for replacement only;] reimbursement of the General Services Administration for security guard service for protection of confidential files; contracting for the furnishing of topographic maps and for the making of geophysical or other specialized surveys when it is administratively determined that such procedures are in the public interest; construction and maintenance of necessary buildings and appurtenant facilities; acquisition of lands for gaging stations and observation wells; expenses of U.S. National Committee on Geology [and payment of contributions to the International Union on Geologic Sciences]; and payment of compensation and expenses of persons on the rolls of the Geological Survey appointed, as authorized by law, to represent the United States in the negotiation and administration of interstate compacts. (Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1963.) PAYMENT FROM PROCEEDS, SALE OF WATER, MINERAL LEASING ACT (Permanent, indefinite, special fund) 1964 estimate -15 15 When lessees or operators drilling for oil and gas on public lands strike water, water wells may be developed by the Department from proceeds from the sale of water from existing wells (30 U.S.C. 221-229). No obligations are anticipated in 1964. BUREAU OF MINES General and special funds: CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MINERAL RESOURCES For expenses necessary for promoting the conservation, exploration, development, production, and utilization of mineral resources, including fuels, in the United States, its Territories, and possessions; and developing synthetics and substitutes; [$26,675,000] $30,277,000. (30 U.S.C. 1-11; Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1963.) Program and Financing (in thousands of dollars) Program by activities: 1962 actual 1963 1964 estimate estimate 61660 412 536 Provision is made for conserving, evaluating, and developing mineral resources. 1. Bituminous coal.-Scientific research and engineering investigations are carried out on the chemical and physical properties of coal and its mining, preparation, combustion, carbonization, and gasification. Research is continuing on the development of a stationary coal-burning gas turbine to provide a method of increasing the efficiency of steamgenerating equipment. Coal samples are analyzed; efficiency of coal-mining methods is evaluated; and economic studies are performed. Research is conducted to discover causes of explosions in coal mines and to improve methods of preventing explosions. Tests are conducted on explosives and blasting devices to determine their permissibility for use in mining operations. 2. Anthracite coal.-Research is conducted to develop new and improve present uses for anthracite; improved mining and preparation methods are developed; and basic economic data are prepared. 3. Petroleum, natural gas, and oil shale.-Research is conducted to conserve these resources by improving the processes of recovery and utilization. Research is coordinated with work done by other Government agencies, educational institutions, and industry. Economic information is analyzed to provide a factual basis for industry operations and Government policy. Research on oil shale to determine the composition of the various products, to test the applicability of those products to different uses, and to determine the basic chemistry and physics of the refining processes will be continued. 4. Minerals and metals.-Research is conducted for the conservation, development, and utilization of minerals other than fuels. Resources investigations are made of mineral deposits to gain better knowledge of the location, quantity, quality, and recoverability of specific mineral resources. Mineral production and mineral industry economic surveys are made of the industry. Metallurgy research seeks improved processes for extracting metals and nonmetals from their ores, and adapting them for efficient use. Multidiscipline investigations develop better methods to recover metals by physical, chemical, and electrical techniques and find means to produce superpure materials. A parallel effort integrates the structure of metals, alloys, and ceramic compounds with optimum preparation and utilization. Basic to all 30,277 investigations is fundamental research to delineate the physical and thermodynamic properties of materials and to analyze the rates and mechanics of high-temperature chemical and metallurgical reactions. 30,277 1. Bituminous coal.. 6,590 7.387 2. Anthracite coal.. 3. Petroleum, natural gas, and oil shale. 4. Minerals and metals.. 12,774 15,079 16,533 5. Oceanographic research. 52 6. Foreign mineral activities. 316 497 7. Property or services transferred out with out charge, net.... 5 26,675 30,277 -1 26,674 In mining research, much effort is devoted to applying 30,277 physics as a scientific discipline in concert with mining engineering principles to all phases of mineral mining. These fundamental studies begin with determination of the physical nature of rock structures and continue through the application of rock mechanics to exploration, development, and operational problems of mining. Highly specialized research is conducted on the mechanisms of 30,277 penetrating and breaking rock. One of the most important problems of mining is that of ground control which is attacked by developing methods of stabilizing underground openings and techniques for designing efficient 23 Rent, communications, and utilities. 665 367 1,689 31 Equipment...... 1,852 2,380 2,322 32 Lands and structures. 1 2,732 2,475 2,672 2,808 3,000 8.2 $7,895 $6,064 55 30,278 1 1. Inspections, investigations, and rescue work.—The 769 objectives for 1964 are to: (a) inspect, at least once annually, every active coal mine regularly employing more than 14 men underground, take action in accordance with Federal Coal Mine Safety Act to require compliance with its mandatory provisions, and exert special effort to gain compliance with its voluntary provisions; (b) inspect annually, or as necessary, underground coal mines regu30,277 larly employing less than 15 men underground, and all strip and auger mines, and report on observed hazards with appropriate corrective recommendations; and (c) conduct investigations of serious accidents and make recommendations to reduce working hazards, safeguard the health of workers, and promote efficiency in the mineral industries. The Bureau encourages accidentprevention education through safety organizations, exhibits, safety film production, demonstrations, instruction by Bureau personnel in accident prevention, and first aid 101 and mine-rescue methods. SUMMARY OF COAL-MINE INSPECTIONS 1961 ments 1962 1963 1964 306 -9 275 2 3 275 3 275 2. Control of fires in coal deposits.-Fires in inactive or abandoned coal deposits on public lands or private property are controlled or extinguished. Expenditures in connection with fires in active coal mines are limited to investigations and research. 3. Health and safety research.-Research is conducted on the support of mine roof and control of overburden, ventilation of mines, methods of allaying harmful and combustible airborne dusts, preventing accumulations of combustible dusts, preventing underground fires, safe blasting practices, and safe electrical installations. Vari8,953 ous machines and devices are tested for use in mines and 397 1,770 1 Selected resources as of June 30 are as follows: Unpaid undelivered orders, 1961. $1.244 thousand; 1962, $492 thousand; 1963. $136 thousand; 1964, $2,628 thousand. 1. Laboratory facilities.-Provision is made for construction of research facilities in connection with the relocation of certain research functions from Pittsburgh to Bruceton, Pa. Object Classification (in thousands of dollars) Object Classification (in thousands of dollars)-Continued 1962 actual ALLOCATION TO GENERAL SERVICES |