re-shar-u himself was a Ski-di, and would suggest that there has been in all such instances a free intermingling of white blood; but this, I am sure, is not the case.

In

Skur'-a-ra'-re-shar-u was the second chief of his band, and at the time of his death (1876) was about forty-one years of age. He was five feet eight and a half inches in height, and of full, compactly built stature. his early days he was reputed to be quite an athlete, and was famous for physical endurance; but in after life, without losing any of his pristine energy and power, he became somewhat sedate and undemonstrative. His youthful accomplishments won him a rightful prestige in his band, and for several years before his death he wielded far more real power than its first chief, Li'-tă-kuts-le-shar-u, Eagle Chief, who after the death of Pit'-a-le-shar-u in 1874, became also first chief of the tribe, but was deficient in ruling qualities. From the date of the first establishment of a permanent agency with the Pawnees in 1858, Skür'-a-ra'-re-shar-u cast all his influence in favor of the advancement of his tribe in civilization, finally setting an example in his own person and life. To some extent he adopted the dress of the whites, allowed his beard to grow after their manner, and was the first prominent. man in the entire tribe who engaged personally in the labors of agriculture. He put his own hand to the plough, and by other means also sought to eradicate the old Indian beliefs of the ignobility of manual labor. The advanced position he thus assumed was extremely difficult, as his band was the most disinclined to all such progressive innovations; but he consistently maintained his course, retained throughout the respect and confidence of his people, and probably by his individual efforts accomplished more for the advancement of the tribe in this direction than all other agencies combined.

But

Like all the leading, well-informed men of the tribe, Skŭr'-ă-ra'-re-shar-u was opposed to the removal of the Pawnees from their reservation in Nebraska to the Indian Territory. When, however, he realized that by a certain kind of management the event was become inevitable, he accepted the fact and wisely set to work to secure the best issues possible from it. his work in the new home was brief. The summer following the removal, owing to the sudden change from the dry climate of the Platte Valley to the damp region of the Arkansas in the Indian Territory, he, in common with great numbers of the tribe, suffered from malarial fever, but in a short time. recovered sufficiently to be pronounced out of danger. Soon after his convalescence was well established his wife and two sons were attacked by the disease. The death of his wife, which occurred within a few days, was a bitter blow to him. In less than a week the elder son, aged about twelve years, succumbed. The aggravated sorrow bore heavily upon him, and

when the younger son too was taken away he broke down entirely. On returning from the grave of this child he remarked that he could not live any longer, and the next morning was dead, apparently dying of grief. It is rarely that we meet in any annals a story that bears in itself more of the elements of true pathos than we find in the circumstances attending the death of the man Skŭr'-ă-ra'-re-shar-u.

In general demeanor he was rather undemonstrative, and by those who were not familiarly acquainted might readily be taken as a man of no special force. But his great earnestness, when once thoroughly enlisted, was most impressive and efficient. With rare discernment he chose to work mainly with the young men of the tribe, and over them his influence, by example as well as by precept, was pronounced and salutary. In this direction particu larly his death was a loss to his people that has not yet been retrieved.

ter.

Socially he was of an urbane nature, and with intimates his manner might be very attractive. In his family relations he was a man of marked characHe had but one wife and shared with her all her labors, and might be seen not infrequently walking with her at his arm. In all his acts he evinced for her and for his two sons a most sincere appreciation and attach

ment.

Ki'-wik-a-war'-uks-ti, Medicine Bull, seen in the remaining portrait, is a brave of the Ski-di band. He has also at times, as the name implies, advanced some pretensions as a medicine man; but in neither capacity, as brave or as doctor, has he succeeded in attaining any noteworthy eminence. He is five feet eleven inches in height, of spare build, and about thirty-eight years of age. His portrait is given here for the reason that it presents an excellent example of the genuine Indian face as found in all the bands of the tribe, but with much greater frequency among the Ski-di. The low, receding forehead, the small eyes, the high cheek-bones, the large mouth and slightly protruding chin are all unmistakable indices of the generic Indian physiognomy. The long, unkempt hair has always been worn by the Skidi, while the other bands have usually kept the head, save the scalp-lock, closely shaven. The engraving also illustrates the ordinary style in which

the buffalo robe is worn in cold weather.

JOHN B. DUNBAR