Page Summary.. CHAPTER 5. OTHER FEDERAL PROGRAMS. A. Public Housing.. Public Housing and Civil Rights.... The Racial Equity Formula and Open Occupancy. New York-Pioneer State in Civil Rights Laws. State and Local Antidiscrimination Housing Laws.. 121 122 126 Statutes Applying to Public Housing or Urban Redevelopment. 126 127 Concurrence in Part, Dissent in Part to Recommendation 3.. 151 Dissent to Recommendation 3.... Urban Renewal...... Recommendation 4.. Recommendation 5.. Federal Highway Program. Recommendation 6... Statistical Information.. Recommendation 7. DOCUMENTATION Notes.... Tables in Text and Appendix. Appendix VI.... Selected Bibliography. 151 BOOK 3, PART V: EMPLOYMENT Chapter 1. Introduction 2. Emergence of a Policy 4. Government: Creator of Employment 6. Unions: Impact on Employment BOOK 4, PART VI: HOUSING Chapter 1. Introduction 2. The Emergence of a Policy 5. Other Federal Programs 6. State and Local Action Book 5: JUSTICE PART VII: EQUAL JUSTICE UNDER LAW Chapter 1. Introduction 2. Unlawful Police Violence 3. "Private" Violence 4. Federal Criminal Sanctions 5. Federal Civil Sanctions 6. State and Local Remedies 8. Conclusions PART VIII: THE AMERICAN INDIAN Chapter 1. Introduction 2. The Legal Status Foreword The United States Commission on Civil Rights was created by the Civil Rights Act of 1957 as a bipartisan agency to study civil rights problems and report to the President and Congress. Originally created for a 2year term, it issued its first comprehensive report on September 8, 1959. On September 14, 1959, Congress extended the Commission's life for another 2 years. This is the fourth of five volumes of the Commission's second statutory report. Briefly stated, the Commission's function is to advise the President and Congress on conditions that may deprive American citizens of equal treatment under the law because of their color, race, religion, or national origin. The Commission has no power to enforce laws or correct any individual wrong. Basically, its task is to collect, study, and appraise information relating to civil rights throughout the country, and to make appropriate recommendations to the President and Congress for corrective action. The Supreme Court has described the Commission's statutory duties in this way: ... its function is purely investigative and factfinding. It does not adjudicate. It does not hold trials or determine anyone's civil or criminal liability. It does not issue orders. Nor does it indict, punish, or impose any legal sanctions. It does not make determinations depriving anyone of his life, liberty, or property. In short, the Commission does not and cannot take any affirmative action which will affect an individual's legal rights. The only purpose of its existence is to find facts which may subsequently be used as the basis for legislative or executive action. Specifically, the Civil Rights Act of 1957, as amended, directs the Commission to: • Investigate formal allegations that citizens are being deprived of their right to vote and have that vote counted by reason of their color, race, religion, or national origin; Study and collect information concerning legal developments which constitute a denial of equal protection of the laws under the Constitution; |