and corrosion-resistant inner container. In addition

(1) The packaging must be adequate to prevent loss or dispersal of the radioactive contents from the inner container, if the package were subjected to the 30-foot drop test prescribed in § 146.1927(c) (2) (i); or

(2) Enough absorbent material must be provided to absorb at least twice the volume of the radioactive liquid contents. The absorbent material may be located outside the radiation shield only if it can be shown that if the radioactive liquid contents were taken up by the absorbent material the resultant dose rate at the surface of the package would not exceed 1,000 millirem per hour.

(h) There must be no significant removable radioactive surface contamination on the exterior of the package (see § 146.19-30).

(1) Except for shipments described in paragraph (j) of this section, all radioactive materials must be packaged in suitable packaging (shielded, if necessary) so that at any time during the normal conditions incident to transportation the radiation dose rate does not exceed 200 millirem per hour at any point on the external surface of the package, and the transport index does not exceed 10.

(j) Packages for which the radiation dose rate exceeds the limits specified in paragraph (1) of this section, but does not exceed at any time during transportation any of the limits specified in subparagraphs (1) through (4) of this paragraph, may be transported as a full load if transported in a transport vehicle or van assigned for the sole use of that consignor, and unloaded by the consignee from the transport vehicle or van in which originally loaded.

(1) 1,000 millirem per hour at 3 feet from the external surface of the package (closed transport vehicle only);

(2) 200 millirem per hour at any point on the external surface of the car or vehicle (closed transport vehicle only); and

(3) 10 millirem per hour at 3 feet from the external surface of the car or vehicle.

(k) Packages consigned for export are also subject to the regulations of the foreign governments involved in the shipment.

(1) Prior to the first shipment of any package, the shipper shall insure that:

(1) The packaging meets the specified quality of design and construction.

(2) The effectiveness of the shielding and containment, and, where necessary, the heat transfer characteristics of the package are within the limits applicable to or specified for the package design.

(m) Prior to each shipment of any package, the shipper shall insure by examination or appropriate tests that:

(1) The packaging is proper for the contents being shipped.

(2) The packaging is in unimpaired physical condition except for superficial marks.

(3) The closure devices of the packaging, including any required gaskets, are properly installed, secured, and free of defects.

(4) For fissile materials, any moderators and neutron absorbers, if required, are present in proper condition.

(5) Any special instructions for filling, closing, and preparation of the package for shipment have been followed.

(6) All closures, valves, and other openings of the containment system through which the radioactive contents might escape are properly closed and sealed.

(7) If the maximum normal operating pressure of a package is likely to exceed 0.35 kg./cm.2 (gage), the internal pressure of the containment system will not exceed the design pressure during transportation.

(8) External radiation and contamination levels are within the allowable limits.

(Sec. 1, 49 Stat. 1889; 46 U.S.C. 391a) [CGFR 68-142, 34 F.R. 2088, Feb. 12, 1969, as amended by CGD 72-91R, 37 F.R. 17968, Sept. 2, 1972]

NOTE: The amendment at 37 F.R. 17968, Sept. 2, 1972, which added paragraphs (1) and (m), is effective Dec. 30, 1972. § 146.19-11 Empty packaging.

All packagings and accessories which have been used for shipments of radioactive materials and which contain residual internal radioactive contamination, when shipped as empty must be securely closed, the external surface must be free of significant removable radioactive contamination as provided in

§ 146.19-30(a), and the radiation at the external surface of the packaging must not exceed 0.5 millirem per hour. The "Empty" label, described in § 146.0517(u) must be affixed to the packaging. § 146.19-12 Fissile radioactive material.

(a) The following materials are not classified as fissile radioactive materials, are exempted from this section, and must instead be packaged in accordance with the other provisions of this subpart, as appropriate:

(1) Not more than 15 grams of fissile material;

(2) Thorium, or uranium containing not more than 0.72 percent by weight of fissile material;

(3) Uranium compounds other than metal (e.g., UF., UF., or uranium oxide in bulk form not pelleted or fabricated into shapes), and aqueous solutions of uranium, in which the total amount of uranium-233 and plutonium present does not exceed 1 percent by weight of the uranium-235 content, and the total fissile content does not exceed 1 percent by weight of the total uranium content;

(4) Homogenous hydrogenous solutions or mixtures containing not more than:

(1) 500 grams of any fissile material, provided the atomic ratio of hydrogen to issile material is greater than 7,600; or

(ii) 800 grams of uranium-235, if the atomic ratio of hydrogen to fissile material is greater than 5,200, and the content of other fissile material is not more than 1 percent by weight of the total uranium-235 content; or

(iii) 500 grams of uranium-233 and uranium-235, if the atomic ratio of hydrogen to fissile material is greater than 5,200 and the content of plutonium is not more than 1 percent by weight of the total uranium-233 and uranium-235 content.

(5) A package containing less than 350 grams of fissile material, if there is not more than 5 grams of fissile material in any cubic foot within the package.

(b) Fissile radioactive materials containing not more than Type A quantities of radionuclides, in either normal form or special form, must be packaged in the packagings listed in § 146.19-100, subject to these conditions:

(1) Metal packaging DOT Specification 6L is authorized only for enriched

uranium, the fissile content not to exceed 14 kilograms of uranium-235 as metal or oxide, or as compounds or alloys which will not decompose at temperatures up to 750° F. Each package shipped as Fissile Class II shall be assigned a transport index of 1.3 (unless external radiation levels require a higher assignment). The atomic ratio of hydrogen to uranium-235 shall not exceed three, all sources of hydrogen within the Specification 2R inner containment vessel being considered. The gross weight of the loaded package shall not exceed 350 pounds for the 55gallon size or 480 pounds for sizes up through 110 gallons.

(2) Metal packaging DOT Specification 6M is authorized only for contents named in paragraph (c) (2) of this section.

(3) Other packagings are authorized in § 146.19-100 only for not more than the following:

(i) 500 grams of uranium-235 as Fissile Class III, or not more than 40 grams of uranium-235 as Fissile Class II. For Fissile Class II shipments, the transport index to be assigned to each package shall be 0.4 for each gram of uranium235 above 15 grams up to a maximum of 40 grams (transport index of 10).

(ii) 320 grams of plutonium-239 as plutonium-beryllium neutron sources in special form. Total radioactivity content must not exceed 20 curies. The transport index shall be 0.5 for each 20 grams, or fraction thereof, of fissile plutonium.

(c) Fissile radioactive materials containing Type B quantities of radionuclides in either normal form or special form, must be packaged as follows:

(1) DOT Specification 6L metal packaging. Authorized only for enriched uranium, the fissile content not to exceed 14 kilograms uranium-235 as metal or oxide, or as compounds or alloys which will not decompose at temperatures up to 750° F. Each package shipped as Fissile Class II shall be assigned a transport index of 1.3 (unless external radiation levels require a higher assignment). The atomic ratio of hydrogen to uranium-235 shall not exceed three, all sources of hydrogen within the Specification 2R inner containment vessel being considered. The gross weight of the loaded package shall not exceed 350 pounds for the 55

any one stowage location does not exceed 50.

(f) For Fissile Class II packages shipped under the exclusive use provisions of § 146.19-10 (j) to provide for packages with high radiation dose rates, the transport index number which is calculated for nuclear criticality control purposes must not exceed 10 for any single package or a total of 50 for the full load, unless specifically authorized by the Commandant for Fissile Class III

shipments.

(g) Fissile Class III shipments may be made only in accordance with procedures authorized by the Commandant. Such transport controls must provide nuclear criticality safety and shall be carried out by the shipper or carrier, as appropriate, to protect against loading, transporting, or stowing of that shipment together with other fissile material.

§ 146.19-14 Small quantities of radioactive materials and radioactive devices.

(a) Radioactive materials in normal form not exceeding 0.01 millicurie of Group I radionuclides; 0.1 millicurie of Group II radionuclides; 1 millicurie of Groups III, IV, V, or VI radionuclides; 25 curies of Group VII radionuclides; tritium oxide in aqueous solution with a concentration not exceeding 0.5 millicuries per milliliter and with a total activity per package of not more than 3 curies; or 1 millicurie of radioactive material in special form; and not containing more than 15 grams of uranium235 are exempt from specification packaging, marking, and labeling, and are exempt from the provisions of § 146.19-10 if the following conditions are met:

(1) The materials are packaged in strong tight packages such that there will be no leakage of radioactive materials under conditions normally incident to transportation.

(2) The package must be such that the radiation dose rate at any point on the external surface of the package does not exceed 0.5 millirem per hour.

(3) There must be no significant removable radioactive surface contamination on the exterior of the package (see § 146.19-30).

(4) The outside of the inner container must bear the marking "Radioactive."

(b) Manufactured articles such as instruments, clocks, electronic tubes or apparatus, or other similar devices, having radioactive materials (other than liquids) in a nondispersible form as a component part, are exempt from specification packaging, marking, and labeling, and are exempt from the provisions of § 146.19-10, if the following conditions are met:

NOTE 1: For radioactive gases, the requirement for the radioactive material to be in a nondispersible form does not apply.

(1) Radioactive materials are securely contained within the devices, or are securely packaged in strong, tight packages, so that there will be no leakage of radioactive materials incident to transportation.

(2) The radiation dose rate at four inches from any unpackaged device does not exceed 10 millirem per hour.

(3) The radiation dose rate at any point on the external surface of the outside container does not exceed 0.5 millirem per hour. However, for carload or truckload lots only, the radiation at the external surface of the package or the item may exceed 0.5 millirem per hour, but must not exceed 2 millirem per hour.

(4) There must be no significant removable radioactive surface contamination on the exterior of the package (see § 146.19-30).

(5) The total radioactivity content of a package containing radioactive devices must not exceed the quantities shown in the following table:

specification packaging, marking, and labeling and are exempt from the provisions of § 146.19-10, if the following conditions are met:

(1) The radiation dose rate at any point on the external surface of the outside container does not exceed 0.5 millirem per hour;

(2) There must be no detectable radioactive surface contamination on the exterior of the package (see § 146.19-30).

(3) The total radioactivity content of each article must not exceed 3 curies.

(4) The outer surface of the uranium is enclosed in an inactive metallic sheet. NOTE: Such articles may be packagings for the transportation of radioactive materials.

§ 146.19-16 Low specific activity materials.

(a) Low specific activity materials when transported as other than a full load are exempt from the provisions of § 146.19-10 (a) through (g); however, they must be packaged and stowed in accordance with the requirements of § 146.19-100, and must be marked and labeled as required in §§ 146.05-15(b) and 146.19-25.

(b) Low specific activity materials which are transported as a full load are exempt from specification packaging, marking, and labeling provided the shipments meet the requirements of paragraph (c) or (d) of this section.

(c) Packaged shipments of low specific activity materials transported as a full load must comply with the following:

(1) Materials must be packaged in strong, tight packages such that there will be no leakage of radioactive material under conditions normally incident to transportation.

(2) Packages must not have any significant removable surface contamination (see § 146.19-30).

(3) External radiation levels must comply with § 146.19-10(j).

(4) There must be no loose radioactive material in the car, vehicle, van, portable container, or hold.

(5) Shipment must be braced so as to prevent leakage or shift of lading under conditions normally incident to transportation.

(6) The outside of each outside package must be stencilled or otherwise marked "Radioactive-LSA."

(d) Unpackaged (bulk) shipments of low specific activity materials transported as a full load must comply with I the following:

(1) Authorized materials are limited to the following:

(i) Uranium or thorium ores and physical or chemical concentrates of those ores;

(ii) Uranium metal or natural thorium metal, or alloys of these materials;

or

(iii) Materials of low radioactive concentration, if the average estimated radioactivity concentration does not exceed 0.001 millicurie per gram and the contribution from Group I material does not exceed 1 percent of the total radioactivity.

(iv) Objects of non-radioactive materials externally contaminated with radioactive material, provided that the radioactive material is not readily dispersible and the surface contamination. when averaged over 1 square meter, does not exceed 0.0001 millicurie per square centimeter of Group I radionuclides or 0.001 millicurie per square centimeter of other radionuclides. Such objects must be suitably wrapped or enclosed.

(2) External radiation levels must comply with subparagraphs (2) and (3) of § 146.19-10 (j).

§ 146.19-18 Radioactive

normal form.

material in

(a) Radioactive materials in normal form in Type A and Type B quantities must be packaged in authorized packagings as listed in § 146.19-100.

(b) Large quantities of radioactive materials in normal form must be packaged in packaging authorized in § 146.19100 or in Type B packaging which meets the standards prescribed in the regulations of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (10 CFR Part 71) or the 1967 regulations of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and which has been specifically authorized for such use by the Commandant under § 146.02-25. In applying for the Commandant's authorization of packages for large quantities of