Page images
PDF
EPUB

OF THE

SELECT COMMITTEE

ON

ORDNANCE AND WAR SHIPS,

WITH

AN APPENDIX.

WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

1886.

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

CONTENTS

REPORT..

Resolution under which committee was appointed.-Composition of.-Establishments

visited.-Foreign visits.-Officers detailed to assist inquiries.-Iron ores in the

United States.-Tables of production of steel in 1883-84.-Open-hearth steel.-List

of open-hearth steel-works.-Casting capacity of.-Production of open-hearth steel.—-

Imported ores.-Manganesic ores.-Summary relating to ores and steel manufact-

.-Want of experience and suitable forges for manufacturing heavy masses of

steel for guns and armor.-Machinery in the navy-yards.-Extracts from report of

Commission on Navy Yards.-Recommendations.-Washington navy-yard has best

gun-fabricating plant in United States.-Current work on heavy guns: Army and

Navy.-Ileavy parts for large steel guns imported.-Marine engines.-Ship-building.-

Foreign development.-Locations for manufacturing and building.-Protection of the

Pacific coast.-English experience.-Present armament of the Army and Navy.-

Naval modern breech-loading steel rifles.-Progress in ordnance.-Hydraulic forging.

presses.-Liquid compression.-Table of modern heavy ordnance.-Accepted type.-

Breech mechanism. - English 110-ton gun.-Weights of ingots, forgings, and finished

guus. What guns shall the United States build?-Report of the Armament Board.—

Gun Foundry Board.-The Fortifications Board.-Cast-iron guns.-Material for

armor.-Steel the proper material for armor of ships and fortifications.-Torpedoes-

The Whitehead and the Howell.-Submarine mines.-Illustrations and descriptions

of latest types of ships and their armament.-Best methods of manufacturing guns

and armor.-Private manufacturers should supply forged and tempered material, and

guns fabricated in Government shops.-Lowest bidder.-Responsibility.-Cost of

plant.-Washington navy-yard and Watervliet Arsenal the best locations.-Policy

approved by high authorities.-Capital ready to be placed at service of Government.-

Conclusions.-United States metallurgically independent.-Steel-making casting ca-

pacity ample.-New plants will be required for heavy forging and finishing of guns

and armor.-Machinery and machine-tools in navy-yards.-Some ships to be built in

navy-yards as checks and resource in time of necessity.-Ships in general should be

built by contract.-Repairs should be made in navy-yards.-Armor-plate and engines

should be obtained wholly from private manufacturers.-Types of ships and guns.—

Material for ships, guns, projectiles, and armor.-Manufacture of guns should be

divided between private foundries and Government shops, former providing tem

pered parts and the latter finishing them.-Government should establish two facto

ries. All needed private capital ready.-Proposals for armor and guns.-Payments.—

Guarantees.

Report of subcommittee on visit to Naval Ordnance Proving Ground..

Inspection of grounds and instruments. - Firing Dolphin's 6-inch steel rifle.-Action of its

hydraulic carriage.-Practice with rapid-firing guns.-Comparison of foreign and

American made projectiles.-Cast steel unfit for armor and guns.-Experiments with

Folger high-power musket.

Statement of the Secretary of the Navy in reply to the resolutions of both Houses

of Congress for the appointment of committees on ordnance and naval

construction, July 12, 1884........

The capacity of steel-works to make steel for guns and armor.-The character and suffi-

ciency of machinery in navy-yards and in private works for the construction of guns,

engines, and ships.-The best method, whether by Government or by contract, and

the best location, for the manufacture and construction of guns, engines, and ships.-

Guns for the new cruisers.-Indorsement of conclusions of Gun Foundry Board.-
Armor, engines, and ships.-System of navy-yard labor.-Circular letter to steel man-
ufacturers in relation to armor required for the completion of monitors, and replies
thereto.-Letter of Navy Department to steel manufacturers giving information re-
lating to character, mode of manufacture, and comparative tests of armor.

Report of the British committee on the building and repairing of ships...............

The building and repairing of ships by contract.-Relative cost of dock-yard and contract

work. Incidental expenses. -Specifications.-Supervision.-Quality of contract

work. Relative time occupied in construction.-Advantages of contract work. - Re-

pairs under contract.-Repairs should be confined to dock yards.-Recommendation

to extend number of contract buildings.-Selection of firms.-Efficiency of dock-yards

should be maintained.-Armament.-Recommendations.-Repairs and refits.-Defini-

tion of terms.-Instructions to professional officers.-Practice of placing ships in

reserve. Proposed extension of practice of immediate recommissioning.-Proposed

reduction of extent of overhaul in some cases.-Question of repairing old vessels

requires to be carefully considered.-Obsolete character of some of the dock-yard

tools.-Memorandum appended by Mr. Samuda.

Form of contract used by the British Admiralty for building the hull of a ship.
British Admiralty specification for the construction of marine engines and boilers.
Tender for a set of steam-engines and boilers for a British war-ship..

List of spare gear for engines of 2,000 indicated horse-power.-Drawings to be supplied.

Form applicable to ship-building by contract (England)..

Conditions of tendering for marine steam machinery.

Contractor's specifications for a ship built for a foreign Government....

Twin armor-clad turret ship Riachuelo.-General statement of dimensions, armament, and

engines required, and estimate of wages.-Specifications.-External sheathing of

teak and zinc.

An English return of ships built and building for the British navy, 1880-1885.

Armored: Barbette and turret ships.-Unarmored: Partially-protected steam cruisers,

sloops, and corvettes; gun-vessels, gunboats, special-service and dispatch vessels,

scouts, and torpedo cruisers.-Their cost, armament, speed, principal dimensions,

and other particulars.-Vessels built in dock-yards and by contract.--Ship-building

programme proposed for 1885-'86: armor-clads, torpedo-ram, belted cruisers, scouts,

gunboats, and torpedo-boats.-Statement of total expenditures on ship-building from

1865 to 1884.-Armored and unarmored tonnage built in Her Majesty's dock-yards

and by contract and purchased from 1865 to 1884.

Extracts from Report of Gun Foundry Board....

Points called upon for a report.—Sources of armament supply, England, France, Germany,

Russia, and the United States.-Joint action between Government and private

firms. Best system of production that of France.-Mutual checks.-Examples of

partnership. Conclusions of board. -All history warns against a partnership between

Government and private firms.-Steel manufacturers should be called upon to supply

material.-Guns should be fabricated (machined and finished) in two Government

factories, one for the Army and one for the Navy.-Sites selected.-Approximate costs

of plant.-United States destitute of means of fabrication.-Supplementary report of

board.-Total cost of each gun factory.-As to best method of supply, board indorses

unanimously its previous opinion.-Specific recommendations indicating most advan

tageous appropriations.-Details of proposals and bids.-Estimates will complete

steel-producing plant, establish and equip the factories, supply guns for six and one-

half years, and inaugurate manufacture of steel in large masses in United States. -

Gun tools of size and power.-Few firms have reached position of excellence in their

production.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][ocr errors][subsumed][subsumed][merged small][merged small]

Extracts from the report of the commission on navy-yards, December 1, 1883..

Condition of plants at Mare Island navy-yard, California; Portsmouth navy-yard, New

Hampshire; Boston navy-yard, Massachusetts; New York navy-yard; League Island

navy-yard, Pennsylvania; Washington navy-yard, District of Columbia; Norfolk navy-

yard, Virginia; Pensacola navy-yard, Florida.-Naval station near New London,

Conn., has no plant.-Key West naval station, Florida, has no plant, but has ap.

pliances sufficient for ordinary repairs.-The naval station at Sackett's Harbor, New

York, has no plant.-Recommendations of the Commission.-Tabulated statement

showing area, cost of site, and improvements of each navy-yard and station; also

present value of site, improvements, machinery, and personal property of each, June

30, 1882.-Remarks in relation to same.

What has been done for a new Navy. By Rear-Admiral E. Simpson, U. S. N...

Historical trace of progress made.-Origin of the effort.-First Advisory Board.—Classi-

fication of vessels recommended.-Congressional action, approved August 5, 1882.—

Second Advisory Board.-Their recommendations.-Congressional action, approved

March 3, 1885.-Seven steel cruisers and one dispatch-boat, nucleus for a new navy.

The Functions of Submarine Mines and Torpedoes By Lieut. Col. Henry L.

Abbot, Engineer Corps, U. S. Army

Submarine mines most certain and prompt.-Submarine mines, small flanking guns, heavy

ordnance, and modern seacoast batteries are the four essential elements of vigorous

defense. -Electric light, light draught picket-boats, and movable torpedoes needed as

auxiliaries.-Torpedo-boats and Whitehead torpedoes.-Ruinous economy to fail to

prepare in season such defenses as the science of the age demands.

Paper on Torpedo Warfare, by Lieutenant Jaques, U. S. N..

Want of an effective torpedo system. -Torpedoes cannot take the place of all other de-

fenses.-Requisites of a proper and sure defense.-Progress abroad in torpedo ap-

pliances during last six years.-Amounts appropriated from 1880-1884.-Progress in

United States. -Recommendations of the Chief of Naval Ordnance, the Naval Advis-

ory Board, and the Admiral.-Action taken by Congress in 1883.-Board appointed.-

Inventors and manufacturers of torpedoes addressed.-Instructions to Board.--Lay-

Haight torpedo.-Week's surface rocket torpedo.-Howell automatic torpedo.-Ex-

aminations and tests of these types.-Conclusions of the Board.-Sims electrical fish

torpedo.-The Howell torpedo only one justifying expenditure for purchase and

experiment.-Characteristics of the Howell torpedo.-Necessity for torpedo-boats.—

Design of a first-class sea-going torpedo-boat.-English type.-Thornycroft.-Phe-

nomenal development of torpedo-boats.-Highest speed guaranteed.—Armament of.--

Second-class boats.-Thornycroft's sea-going boats.-Yarrow's English type.-Defi-

cient in education.of crews.-Necessity of such education.-Yarrow's latest type.-

Whitehead torpedoes. - Lieutenant-Commander Eradford's history of torpedo war-

fare.-Lieutenant-Commander Barber's history of submarine artillery.-Ericsson's

Destroyer.--Amounts expended by foreign governments for the development of the

Whitehead torpedo.-Her Britanic Majesty's ship Polyphemus.-Greatest danger

in torpedo warfare.-Characteristics and efficiency of the Whitehead and Howell tor-

pedoes. Commercial success of the former.-Results of the latest trials with the

latter.-Estimates for purchase of torpedo-boats and torpedoes. -Electrically con-

trolled torpedoes.

Torpedo-boat Coast Defense, by Lieutenant-Commander Barber, U. S. N......

Submarine weapons.-Whitehead torpedo.-Howell torpedo.-Submarine rockets and

projectiles. Estimates for the inauguration of means for providing suitable weapons

in the United States for torpedo coast defense.-Reasons for the above estimates.-
Thornycroft & Yarrow, the most celebrated builders of torpedo-boats.-Cost of
boats.-Manufacture of torpedo-boats in this country.-Comparison of the Howell
and Whitehead torpedoes.-Second-class torpedo-boats.-The spar torpedo.-Esti-
mate of the number of torpedo-boats required.-Cost of same.-Officers and men for.—
Increase in time of war.-Preparations for building and equipping torpedo-boats.-
Appropriations recommended.

Report on torpedo-boats for coast defense, by Lieut. E. W. Very, U. S. N..............

Great attention given to torpedo-boat coast defences.-Recommendations to a Board of Ger-

man Naval officers.-Table of torpedo-boats possessed by different nations in 1884.-

Torpedo-boats passed beyond the experimental stage.-Inner line of defense.-Outer

line of defense.-Second or middle line of defense.-Newport and Willets Point tor-

pedo schools.-Value of the system of mines of an Austrian naval officer.-Value of

« PreviousContinue »